93W/Ni/Ta扩散焊接接头的显微结构和力学性能

采用真空扩散焊接的方法获得了93W/Ni/Ta扩散焊接接头。利用万能试验机测试焊接接头剪切强度,通过XRD,SEM,EDS对焊接接头的物相组成和显微结构进行了分析。结果表明,93W/Ni/Ta扩散焊接接头剪切强度随焊接温度和保温时间的增加而增加,最大值达到244 MPa。焊接接头主要由Ni/Ta和93W/Ni界面组成,界面处金属间化合物分别为hcp-Ni3Ta,fcc-Ni3Ta,Ni2Ta和Ni4W。接头断裂发生在Ni/Ta界面处,表明Ni/Ta界面为接头的弱结合处。焊接接头界面的形成主要分为物理接触、固溶体形成、金属间化合物形成和金属间化合物长大4个阶段。     

93W/Ni/QSn4-3扩散焊接接头的显微结构和力学性能

采用扩散焊接的方法制备出加入Ni箔中间层的钨合金(93w)与锡青铜合金(QSn4-3)焊接接头样品.利用XRD,SEM和EPMA对焊接接头的物相组成和显微结构进行了分析,并测量了焊接接头样品的抗拉强度.结果表明,加镍的93W与QSn4-3进行扩散焊接时,焊接层的显微结构结合紧密,Ni与Cu元素之间以及93W合金的添加剂元素在Ni箔中分布存在明显的连续变化层.物相分析和显微硬度结果表明Ni元素与QSn4-3中的Cu元素和93W的添加剂元素的固溶反应,促进了93W,Ni/QSn4-3焊接接头强度的大幅度提高.

Abstract：

The 93W/Ni/QSn4-3 joint was prepared by diffusion bonding at vacuum using pure nickel foil as interface layer. The microstructure and composition were characterized by SEM and EP-MA. The tensile strength of joint was also measured. The test results show that Ni foil improves the tensile strength of 93W/Ni/QSn4-3 joint. The thickness of Ni interlayer becomes thiner obviously because of the diffusion layer between Ni element of Ni foil and W and additional elements of 93W alloy, as well as the gradient layer of Ni and Cu elements. Solution reactions between Ni element of Ni foil and Cu element of QSn4-3 alloy, W and additional elements of 93W alloy achieve the joint of 93W/Ni/QSn4-3, that is why tensile strength of 93W/Ni/QSn4-3 joint welded is improved.     

93W与98W粉末冶金材料摩擦焊接头性能及组织分析

为了充分利用93W钨合金和98W钨合金两种粉末冶金材料各自独特性能优势,开发基于这两种钨合金的复合材质是非常必要的.采用自主研制的HSMZ-10型摩擦焊机,利用优选的焊接工艺参数,将93W钨合金和98W钨合金在主轴转速为2 000r/min,摩擦变形量为5 mm,摩擦压力为30 MPa,顶锻压力为60 MPa,摩擦顶锻变形速率为20 mm/s的条件下,通过摩擦焊接方法成功地实现了焊接,并对接头和母材进行了金相组织分析和力学性能检测分析.结果表明,接头力学性能良好,无未焊透等焊接缺陷;93W和98W粉末冶金材料之间无成分均一化现象,焊缝的强度大于母材.     

40CrNiMo钢与93W4.9Ni2.1Fe钨合金的焊接性能分析

在三种不同焊接速度下,研究了40CrNiMo钢和93W4.9Ni2.1Fe钨合金激光焊接性能的差异。首先,通过对焊接件进行显微硬度测试,评价了其焊接工艺性能。然后,分析了激光焊接速度对焊缝区全貌、钢与焊缝熔合区微观形貌以及焊缝区钨颗粒的影响。结果表明:随着焊接速度的提高,由钢侧热影响区到远离热影响区的母材硬度开始急剧下降;钢侧热影响区中的母材硬度依然较高,但是熔合区和焊缝中的硬度却发生连续降低。此外,焊接速度较慢时,钢与焊缝熔合性能较好,焊缝中钨颗粒与基体的分离程度也较小。     

(W15Mo)C-GGI固相扩散研究

在WC-Co硬质合金生产中,晶粒抑制剂(GGI)的添加对细、超细及纳米硬质相合金的制备至关重要。本文以硬质合金新型硬质相(W15Mo)C为研究对象,采用通过热压方式合成扩散偶的方法,选择了VC、Cr_3C_2、TaC,TiC,NbC,TiVC,TiNb C,Ta Zr C等抑制剂材料,利用微观结构观察和元素半定量分析,初步探讨了(W15Mo)C与各种晶粒抑制剂之间的固相扩散情况。结果表明:除(W15Mo)C-Ta Zr C扩散偶没有发现扩散层外,(W15Mo)C与这些碳化物之间都存在相互扩散。(W15Mo)C-VC扩散偶的界面反应程度最大,在(W15Mo)C-Cr_3C_2扩散偶中,从界面至(W15Mo)C中15μm左右深度检测到一定量的金属Cr元素,其他扩散偶则在(W15Mo)C内部检测不到大量的金属元素。另外,Mo元素在含Nb碳化物(NbC、TiNbC)扩散层中的含量随距扩散层的距离增加而上升,在其他碳化物扩散层中则刚好相反。     

0Cr18Ni12Mo2Ti不锈钢板对接接头焊接工艺的研究

通过对0Cr18Ni12Mo2Ti不锈钢的焊接性能分析,选择适宜的焊接方法和焊接材料,确定合理的焊接工艺.并将此工艺应用于0Cr18Ni12Mo2Ti不锈钢压力容器的制造过程中,取得了满意的效果.     

1Cr5Mo与20钢管异种接头的焊接

通过１Ｃｒ５Ｍｏ与２０钢管的焊接试验，选择了Ｊ５０７焊条为该异种接头的焊接材料，并给出了防止裂纹、保证工程焊接质量的有效工艺措施。试验结果在工程中得到应用并取得了满意效果。     

Cr5Mo/A302异质焊接接头C扩散及其对高温蠕变寿命的影响

基于时效处理实验、微观硬度测量和Fick第二定律,对Cr5Mo/A302异质焊接接头的C扩散行为进行研究,随后对已存在200μm脱碳层的异质焊接接头和没有脱碳层的焊态接头进行持久实验,研究了脱碳层在不同应力水平下对接头寿命的影响.结果表明,随时效时间的延长,增、脱碳现象加剧,增、脱碳层的宽度变化均遵循抛物线型规律,实验测量结果与Fick第二定律拟合结果基本一致.预先形成的脱碳层在高应力条件下,可以成倍降低接头持久高温寿命,导致接头发生提前断裂,但是随着应力水平不断降低,断裂时间不断提高,预先形成的C扩散对接头持久寿命的影响程度不断下降,当应力降低到接头抗拉强度的36%以下后,其影响可以忽略.建立了C扩散影响因子S与应力的关系,并确定了已存在脱碳层对高温持久寿命不产生影响的临界应力值.     

ZrCP/W复合材料的等离子烧蚀行为

采用等离子烧蚀装置对ZrCP/W复合材料的烧蚀性能进行了研究.结果表明:ZrCP/W复合材料的线烧蚀率随ZrC含量和烧蚀时间的增加而增大.烧蚀后,在试样表面形成了烧蚀坑和熔融层,熔融层的厚度达到1 mm左右.在烧蚀过程中,烧蚀层中的物相发生了化学反应,并生成了新相.复合材料的主要烧蚀机制是以熔化烧蚀为主,兼有热化学烧蚀.     

钛锆钼合金与钨铼合金的SPS扩散焊接

采用放电等离子烧结(SPS)技术对TZM合金与WRe合金进行固相扩散焊接,研究了TZM/WRe接头的微观组织、力学性能和热疲劳性能. 结果表明,SPS扩散焊接技术在1 500 ℃保温30 min成功实现了TZM合金与WRe合金的高效连接,焊缝平整,无微裂纹、微孔洞和未焊合等焊接缺陷;TZM合金与WRe合金扩散焊接过程中均发生了再结晶,与W和Re相比,Mo具有较低的自扩散激活能,导致Mo的扩散深度大于W和Re在TZM合金中的扩散深度;TZM/WRe接头经历100次热震试验后,焊缝完好无裂纹,且部分再结晶Mo晶粒跨界生长;TZM/WRe接头的抗弯强度和抗剪强度分别为910 MPa±65 MPa,497 MPa±50 MPa,断裂失效发生在TZM合金一侧,断裂模式主要为穿晶解理断裂.     

TC11钛合金扩散连接接头组织及力学性能研究

研究不同连接温度对TC11合金直接扩散连接接头的显微组织和力学性能的影响,并与原始母材进行了比较。实验结果表明：TC11合金直接扩散连接的最优工艺参数为900 ℃/30 min/60 min,扩散接头界面处无孔洞,接头抗拉强度与原始TC11母材接近且塑性优于原始母材。对原始TC11母材和最优工艺参数下的扩散焊接头在室温下进行高周疲劳性能测试。与原始TC11母材相比,TC11合金直接扩散连接的疲劳性能降低,且所有接头断裂均发生在扩散结合界面处。通过观察疲劳断口结合界面的微观结构特征分析得出,扩散接头界面两侧母材的晶体取向差异使得疲劳裂纹萌生,这是降低接头疲劳性能的主要原因。     

连接温度对高铌TiAl合金扩散接头组织和强度的影响

在连接工艺参数为1000～1200℃/25MPa/90min条件下,对高铌TiAl合金(TAN)进行直接扩散连接。采用SEM、EDS、XRD和EBSD等方法对连接界面微观组织进行分析,并研究了连接温度对接头界面结构和剪切强度的影响。结果表明:当连接温度T1100℃时,连接界面清晰垂直,继续升高温度,界面消失;扩散连接过程中,连接界面处出现再结晶现象,随着连接温度的升高,再结晶晶粒不断增多并长大,并且再结晶区域出现大量α_2相;当连接温度达到1150℃时,接头平均抗剪强度达到最大值为105 MPa。     

Effects of (Ti,W)C Addition on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Ultrafine WC-Co Tool Materials Prepared by Spark Plasma Sintering

In this study, powder mixtures containing (Ti, W)C additions (10, 20, 30 and 40 wt%) were prepared and then consolidated at 1200, 1250, 1300 and 1350 °C by spark plasma sintering. The effect of (Ti, W)C additions on the microstructure and mechanical properties of ultrafine WC-Co materials was investigated. The results demonstrate that the (Ti, W)C not only retards the sintering densification but also increases the porosity of sintered samples. The increasing sintering temperature is beneficial to the densification but results in the grain coarsening and the dissolution of W in (Ti, W)C. Moreover, there are no (Ti, W)C grains with obvious core/rim structure in the microstructure. With the (Ti, W)C increasing from 10 to 20 wt%, the hardness increases and fracture toughness changes hardly. However, the hardness and fracture toughness decrease slightly as the (Ti, W)C further increases. The transgranular fracture of (Ti, W)C phases is responsible for the slight reduction in fracture toughness. The sample with 20 wt% (Ti, W)C has high hardness and fracture toughness (H_V: 21.3 GPa, K_IC: 9.8 MPa m ^1/2).     

CuNi复合中间层对Mg/Al扩散焊接接头组织及力学性能的影响

采用真空扩散焊接的方法获得了Mg/CuNi/Al扩散焊接接头。采用万能试验机测试焊接接头剪切强度,通过SEM,EPMA,XRD对焊接接头的显微结构和物相组成进行了分析。结果表明,Mg/CuNi/Al扩散焊接接头剪切强度随焊接温度和保温时间的增加先增加后减小,焊接温度440℃,保温时间90 min时,接头剪切强度最大值达到22.4 MPa。焊接接头主要由Al3Mg2致密组织层、Al12Mg17针状组织层、Al12Mg17和α-Mg网状组织层组成,Cu、Ni富集于网状组织层中。Mg/CuNi/Al扩散焊接接头断口主要由Al3Mg2、Al12Mg17、AlCu3、Al2Cu和Al7Cu23Ni化合物组成,断裂方式以脆性断裂为主。     

Mechanical Properties and Microstructure Evolution of AA1100 Aluminum Sheet Processed by Accumulative Press Bonding Process

Accumulative press bonding(APB) is a novel variant of severe plastic deformation processes,which is devised to produce materials with ultra-fine grain.In the present work,the mechanical properties and microstructural evolution of AA1100 alloy,which is produced by APB technique,were investigated.The study of the microstructure of AA1100 alloy was performed by optical microscopy.The results revealed that the grain size of the samples decreased to 950 nm after six passes of APB process.The yield strength of AA1100 alloy after six passes of the process increased up to 264 MPa,which is three times higher than that of the as-cast material(89 MPa).After six passes,microhardness values of AA1100 alloy increased from 38 to 61 HV.Furthermore,the results showed that the behavior of variations in mechanical properties is in accordance with the microstructural changes and it can be justified by using the Hall-Patch equation.Moreover,the rise in the yield strength can be attributed to the reduction in the grain size leading to the strain hardening.     

铁白铜焊接接头的组织和力学性能

对BFe10-1-1铁白铜管采用钨极氩弧焊打底 手工电弧焊盖面的焊接工艺,可获得性能良好的焊接接头;焊缝区的组织为树枝状偏析α固溶体,具有较强的抗腐蚀性;接头的各项力学性能完全满足要求.     

放电等离子烧结制备低密度AlTiCrNiCu高熵合金及其组织性能研究

采用机械合金化和放电等离子烧结工艺制备了低密度AlTiCrNiCu高熵合金材料,重点研究了球磨时间对各元素粉末的合金化过程及烧结温度(950 ~ 1050 ℃)对高熵合金组织及力学性能的影响。结果表明：高熵合金粉末为单相BCC结构,随着球磨时间的增加,粉末粒径先变大后变小,其最终平均粒径大约为20 μm。高熵合金块体材料的相结构为BCC1(基体相)+BCC2(富Cr相)+FCC(富Cu相),密度为6.22 ~ 6.30 g/cm_³。烧结温度的升高,有利于高熵合金粉末的冶金结合,促进了高熵合金块材料的致密化。当烧结温度为1050 ℃时,AlTiCrNiCu高熵合金具有良好的综合力学性能,其屈服强度、压缩强度、塑性和显微硬度分别为1410 MPa,2000 MPa,9.13%和524 HV。分析认为高的烧结温度为各元素原子间的充分扩散提供了足够的能量。然而,TEM分析表明,高的烧结温度也促进了弥散的FCC富Cu相在晶界的聚集长大。     

Effect of Nb and Mo on the Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and Ductility-Dip Cracking of Ni–Cr–Fe Weld Metals

A series of Ni–Cr–Fe welding wires with different Nb and Mo contents were designed to investigate the effect of Nb and Mo on the microstructure, mechanical properties and the ductility-dip cracking susceptibility of the weld metals by optical microscopy(OM), scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction as well as the tensile and impact tests. Results showed that large Laves phases formed and distributed along the interdendritic regions with high Nb or Mo addition. The Cr-carbide(M_(23)C_6) was suppressed to precipitate at the grain boundaries with high Nb addition. Tensile testing indicates that the ultimate strength of weld metals increases with Nb or Mo addition. However, the voids formed easily around the large Laves phases in the interdendritic area during tensile testing for the weld metal with high Mo content. It is found that the tensile fractographs of high Mo weld metals show a typical feature of interdendritic fracture. The high Nb or Mo addition, which leads to the formation of large Laves phases, exposes a great weakening effect on the impact toughness of weld metals. In addition, the ductility-dip cracking was not found by OM in the selected cross sections of weld metals with different Nb additions. High Nb addition can eliminate the ductility-dip cracking from the Ni–Cr–Fe weld metals effectively.