多部图的匹配算法研究

本文给出了一个多部图的商匹配问题的定义,提出了求解多部图商匹配问题的一个算法。该算法使用圈与割集中偶图的交相结合的方法,利用求二部图的最大匹配算法,求解多部图的最大商匹配问题。     

赋权图匹配问题的一种新的松弛模型

图匹配是一个NP难(NP-hard)问题. 基于置换矩阵是非负正交矩阵这一经典结论, 提出赋权图匹配(Weighted graph matching, WGM)的双向松弛障碍规划, 理论上证明新模型的解与原模型的解是一致的. 该规划是一个二元连续规划, 它是正交矩阵上的线性优化问题, 同时也是非负矩阵上的凸二次优化问题. 故设计求解新模型的交替迭代算法, 并证明算法的局部收敛性. 数值实验表明, 在匹配精度方面, 新方法强于线性规划方法和特征值分解方法.     

二部图的所有极大匹配

二部图作为一种非常重要的数据结构有很多特殊性质,针对文献[4]中的二部图的所有极大匹配求解算法,给出了反例证明了该算法是错误的,同时证明了二部图的所有极大匹配的求解是NP难问题.     

大规模图数据匹配技术综述

在大数据时代海量的多源异构数据间存在着紧密的关联性,图作为表示数据之间关系的基本结构在社交网络分析、社会安全分析、生物数据分析等领域有着广泛应用.在大规模图数据上进行高效地查询、匹配是大数据分析处理的基础问题.从应用角度对用于图查询的图数据匹配技术的研究进展进行综述,根据图数据的不同特征以及应用的不同需求对图匹配问题分类进行介绍.同时,将重点介绍精确图匹配,包括无索引的匹配和基于索引的匹配,以及相关的关键技术、主要算法、性能评价等进行了介绍、测试和分析.最后对图匹配技术的应用现状和面临的问题进行了总结,并对该技术的未来发展趋势进行了展望.     

一种基于遗传算法思想实现的图匹配算法

针对计算机图数据处理难题中的图数据检索匹配问题。相比传统的基于统计分布、模式识别等理论,该文在研究了遗传算法的智能优化过程的基础上,对照图匹配过程中的对应信息元素的查找难题进行求解。将遗传算法的思想理论与图匹配方法相结合,利用智能优化算法对解决基于内容的图匹配问题探索提供新的解决方法,从智能优化的角度来考虑和快速解决图匹配过程中的结构对应检索难点。通过验证参数和对象得出图匹配问题新解。     

图模型匹配:一种新的凹松弛函数及算法

将问题中的置换矩阵放松为双随机矩阵是近年来近似图匹配算法的一个重要发展方向. 它的本质在于将离散的图匹配问题转换成一个连续优化问题,而一般来讲, 相对于离散优化,连续优化问题的近似求解将更为容易. 但随之带来的一个问题是如何有效地将连续优化得到的双随机矩阵重新映射回一个置换矩阵. 最近文献中提出了一种针对于无向无自环图的凹松弛(Concave relaxation)函数,使得算法中的双随机矩阵可以平滑地收敛到一个置换矩阵, 并得到优异的匹配精度.但除了无向且无自环图,文献中还没有针对其他类型图模型的凹松弛函数. 本文提出一种针对于有向无自环图匹配问题的凹松弛函数, 并在此基础上给出一种图匹配算法.大量对比实验验证了本文提出模型及算法的有效性.     

计算机视觉中的图匹配方法研究综述

图匹配是值借助匹配算法,从两幅图像或者多副图像中寻找相似之处,进而实现对图像的科学化和精准化处理,是当前计算机视觉领域中尤为重要的一项技术.图匹配的本质为离散组合优化问题,经过长期的研究及时间应用,当前已经形成了多种图匹配方法,文章从计算机视觉中的图匹配基本要素出发,对几种常见的图匹配计算方法进行了总结,对研究图匹配方法具有指导性作用.     

一种求解二部图最大匹配问题新算法及其应用

提出了解决二部图最大匹配问题的分层网络优化算法,并应用新算法对排课问题进行求解。定义了分层网络的概念及匹配的规则,结合广度优先搜索策略生成分层网络体系,然后按网络逆序找出最大匹配。实验表明,算法在解决大规模二部图最大匹配的理论问题和实际应用问题时均能获得准确的结果,具备良好的性能。     

图匹配技术研究

图(Graph)在众多的科学领域和工程领域(如模式识别和计算机视觉)中具有广泛的应用 ,其具备 强大的信息表达能力。当图被用来表示物体结构时,衡量物体的相似程度将会被转化成计算两个图的相似度,这就是图匹配(Graph Matching)。近几十年来,对图匹配相关技术和算法的研究已经成为了研究领域内的一个重要课题,尤其是随着大数据时代的来临,图作为数据之间关系的一种表示形式,将会受到越来越多的关注。文中对图匹配技术的发展现状进行了综述,详细介绍了该技术的理论基础,梳理了解决图匹配问题的几种主流思路。最后,结合图匹配技术的一种具体应用对几种算法的性能进行了对比分析。     

使用社区结构信息的子图匹配算法优化方法*

子图匹配是图数据查询处理技术中的一个重要研究问题。针对现有子图匹配算法运行效率不高且缺乏通用优化方法的现状,提出一种基于社区结构的子图匹配算法优化方法(community structure based subgraph matching optimization method,CSO)。首先,提出两种优化策略,即解析模式图信息以减少子图匹配过程的计算量,以及利用社区结构信息在子图匹配过程中进行剪枝;然后,结合上述两种优化策略提出基于社区结构的子图匹配算法优化方法,并进行了理论分析。真实数据集和合成数据集上的大量实验结果表明,CSO方法能有效减少子图匹配算法的时间开销。同时,不同规模数据集上的实验结果验证了CSO方法良好的可扩展性。     

Kronecker product graph matching

In this paper the Interpolator-based Kronecker product graph matching (IBKPGM) algorithm for performing attributed graph matching is presented. The IBKPGM algorithm is based on the Kronecker product graph matching (KPGM) formulation. This new formulation incorporates a general approach to a wide class of graph matching problems based on attributed graphs, allowing the structure of the graphs to be based on multiple sets of attributes. Salient features of the IBKPGM algorithm are that no assumption is made about the adjacency structure of the graphs to be matched, and that the explicit calculation of compatibility values between all vertices of the reference and input graphs as well as between all edges of the reference and input graphs are avoided.     

Matching preclusion and conditional matching preclusion for pancake and burnt pancake graphs

The matching preclusion number of a graph with an even number of vertices is the minimum number of edges whose deletion destroys all perfect matchings in the graph. The optimal matching preclusion sets are often precisely those which are induced by a single vertex of minimum degree. To look for obstruction sets beyond these, the conditional matching preclusion number was introduced, which is defined similarly with the additional restriction that the resulting graph has no isolated vertices. In this paper we find the matching preclusion and conditional matching preclusion numbers and classify all optimal sets for the pancake graphs and burnt pancake graphs.     

三维图匹配算法

目的 现有的图匹配算法大多应用于二维图像,对三维图像的特征点匹配存在匹配准确率低和计算速度慢等问题。为解决这些问题,本文将分解图匹配算法扩展应用在了三维图像上。方法 首先将需要匹配的两个三维图像的特征点作为图的节点集;再通过Delaunay三角剖分算法,将三维特征点相连,则相连得到的边就作为图的边集,从而建立有向图;然后,根据三维图像的特征点构建相应的三维有向图及其邻接矩阵;再根据有向图中的节点特征和边特征分别构建节点特征相似矩阵和边特征相似矩阵;最后根据这两个特征矩阵将节点匹配问题转化为求极值问题并求解。结果 实验表明,在手工选取特征点的情况下,本文算法对相同三维图像的特征点匹配有97.56%的平均准确率;对不同三维图像特征点匹配有76.39%的平均准确率;在三维图像有旋转的情况下,有90%以上的平均准确率;在特征点部分缺失的情况下,平均匹配准确率也能达到80%。在通过三维尺度不变特征变换（SIFT）算法得到特征点的情况下,本文算法对9个三维模型的特征点的平均匹配准确率为98.78%。结论 本文提出的基于图论的三维图像特征点匹配算法,经实验结果验证,可以取得较好的匹配效果。     

Strong matching preclusion of burnt pancake graphs

The strong matching preclusion number of a graph is the minimum number of vertices and edges whose deletion results in a graph that has neither perfect matchings nor almost perfect matchings. This is an extension of the matching preclusion problem that was introduced by Park and Ihm. The burnt pancake graph is a more complex variant of the pancake graph. In this paper, we examine the properties of burnt pancake graphs by finding its strong matching preclusion number and categorising all optimal solutions.     

Structure and attribute index for approximate graph matching in large graphs

The increasing popularity of graph data in various domains has lead to a renewed interest in developing efficient graph matching techniques, especially for processing large graphs. In this paper, we study the problem of approximate graph matching in a large attributed graph. Given a large attributed graph and a query graph, we compute a subgraph of the large graph that best matches the query graph. We propose a novel structure-aware and attribute-aware index to process approximate graph matching in a large attributed graph. We first construct an index on the similarity of the attributed graph, by partitioning the large search space into smaller subgraphs based on structure similarity and attribute similarity. Then, we construct a connectivity-based index to give a concise representation of inter-partition connections. We use the index to find a set of best matching paths. From these best matching paths, we compute the best matching answer graph using a greedy algorithm. Experimental results on real datasets demonstrate the efficiency of both index construction and query processing. We also show that our approach attains high-quality query answers.     

4类图完美匹配数目的显式表达式

匹配计数理论是图论的核心内容之一,此问题有很强的物理学、计算机科学和化学背景;但是,一般图的完美匹配计数问题却是[NP-]难问题。用划分、求和、再嵌套递推的方法给出了4类图完美匹配数目的显式表达式;所给出的方法,可以计算出相同结构重复出现的许多图的所有完美匹配的数目。     

A dynamical systems approach to weighted graph matching

Graph matching is a fundamental problem that arises frequently in the areas of distributed control, computer vision, and facility allocation. In this paper, we consider the optimal graph matching problem for weighted graphs, which is computationally challenging due the combinatorial nature of the set of permutations. Contrary to optimization-based relaxations to this problem, in this paper we develop a novel relaxation by constructing dynamical systems on the manifold of orthogonal matrices. In particular, since permutation matrices are orthogonal matrices with nonnegative elements, we define two gradient flows in the space of orthogonal matrices. The first minimizes the cost of weighted graph matching over orthogonal matrices, whereas the second minimizes the distance of an orthogonal matrix from the finite set of all permutations. The combination of the two dynamical systems converges to a permutation matrix, which provides a suboptimal solution to the weighted graph matching problem. Finally, our approach is shown to be promising by illustrating it on nontrivial problems.     

A subgraph matching algorithm based on subgraph index for knowledge graph

The problem of subgraph matching is one fundamental issue in graph search, which is NP-Complete problem. Recently, subgraph matching has become a popular research topic in the field of knowledge graph analysis, which has a wide range of applications including question answering and semantic search. In this paper, we study the problem of subgraph matching on knowledge graph. Specifically, given a query graph q and a data graph G, the problem of subgraph matching is to conduct all possible subgraph isomorphic mappings of q on G. Knowledge graph is formed as a directed labeled multi-graph having multiple edges between a pair of vertices and it has more dense semantic and structural features than general graph. To accelerate subgraph matching on knowledge graph, we propose a novel subgraph matching algorithm based on subgraph index for knowledge graph, called as F G q_T-Match. The subgraph matching algorithm consists of two key designs. One design is a subgraph index of matching-driven flow graph ( F G q_T), which reduces redundant calculations in advance. Another design is a multi-label weight matrix, which evaluates a near-optimal matching tree for minimizing the intermediate candidates. With the aid of these two key designs, all subgraph isomorphic mappings are quickly conducted only by traversing F G q_T. Extensive empirical studies on real and synthetic graphs demonstrate that our techniques outperform the state-of-the-art algorithms.     

Maximal matching polytope in trees

Given a weighted simple graph, the minimum weighted maximal matching (MWMM) problem is the problem of finding a maximal matching of minimum weight. The MWMM problem is NP-hard in general, but is polynomial-time solvable in some special classes of graphs. For instance, it has been shown that the MWMM problem can be solved in linear time in trees when all the edge weights are equal to one. In this paper, we show that the convex hull of the incidence vectors of maximal matchings (the maximal matching polytope) in trees is given by the polytope described by the linear programming relaxation of a recently proposed integer programming formulation. This establishes the polynomial-time solvability of the MWMM problem in weighted trees. The question of whether or not the MWMM problem can be solved in linear time in weighted trees is open.     

Symbol recognition in electrical diagrams using probabilistic graph matching

In this paper a method is proposed to recognize symbols in electrical diagrams based on probabilistic matching. The skeletons of the symbols are represented by graphs. After finding the pose of the graph (orientation, translation, scale) by a bounded search for a minimum error transformation, the observed graph is matched to the class models and the likelihood of the match is calculated. Results are given for computer-generated symbols and hand drawn symbols with and without a template. Error rates range from <1% to 8%.