基于互质阵的循环平稳信号低复杂度欠定DOA估计算法

针对现有大多数循环平稳信号DOA估计算法复杂度较高、估计精度低无法实现对有用信号的欠定估计问题,提出了一种基于互质阵的循环平稳信号低复杂度、欠定DOA估计算法.算法的主要思想是利用互质阵良好的稀疏特性,通过矢量化处理构造虚拟阵列模型,扩展阵列孔径,实现阵列自由度的提升.首先,算法构造了互质阵输出的循环自相关矩阵,然后进行矢量化处理得到最大连续虚拟阵元部分,给出其谱峰搜索的表达式.最后,为降低计算复杂度,对算法进行改进,应用多项式求根的方法直接求解DOA估计值.仿真结果表明,所提算法能实现对有用信号的欠定估计,计算复杂度较低,且相比于大多数的循环平稳信号DOA估计算法,所提算法估计自由度和估计精度有了进一步的提升.     

电磁矢量阵中基于PARALIND分解的相干DOA估计算法

将电磁矢量传感器阵列参数估计问题与平行线性相关剖面模型(Parallel profiles with linear dependencies, PARALIND)相结合,利用PARALIND分解,提出了一种线性电磁矢量阵中相干信号波达方向(Direction of arrival, DOA)估计算法。该算法能够实现对电磁矢量阵中相干信源的角度估计,同时能得到相应的相干系数矩阵,其估计过程无需谱峰搜索,对均匀线阵以及非均匀线阵都适用。该算法角度估计性能优于传统的前后向平滑借助旋转不变性进行信号参数估计(Forward backward spatial smoothing-estimation of signal parameters via rotational invariance techniques, FBSS-ESPRIT)算法和前后向平滑传播算子(Forward backward spatial smoothing-propagator method, FBSS-PM)算法,且对于角度相隔较近的相干信源,该算法也能进行有效的辨识与估计。     

基于稀疏电磁矢量传感器阵列的相干目标DOA自适应估计和跟踪

研究了利用阵元稀疏分布的电磁矢量传感器阵列对相干目标二维波达方向(DOA)进行自适应估计和跟踪的问题.首先,提出了一种新的解相干预处理方法--极化差分平滑算法(PSDA),并结合传播算子给出一种相干目标DOA的估计方法(PSDA-propagator),无需特征值分解以获得信号/噪声子空间,与基于极化平滑算法(PSA)的同类子空间方法相比,提出的方法在非均匀噪声环境有更好的估计性能.其次,为了实现DOA的自适应估计或对时变DOA的跟踪,论文结合最小均方(LMS)或归一化最小均方(NLMS)算法估计瞬时传播算子,并且通过近似牛顿(approximate Newton)算法更新方位角/仰角的估计.实验结果显示了算法有良好的自适心估计和跟踪性能.     

非均匀矢量阵列的定向性能仿真与分析

关于探测水下声目标,针对常规波束形成空间分辨力受到限制的问题,现有波达方向(DOA)估计算法主要适用于等距均匀声压线阵,在非等距或不规则阵列中由于阵列空间结构的不均匀性而受到限制,不能满足实际需求.为解决非均匀结构矢量阵列的DOA估计,提出四种常见非均匀结构矢量传感器阵列的时延表达式,形成各阵列导向向量,通过选择各阵列中性能最优的阵元结构设置,统计了各阵列DOA估计性能随信噪比和快拍数变化的成功概率和均方误差,仿真结果表明,非均匀线阵在低信噪比和小快拍的情况下具有更高的估计性能,为波达方向定位提供了依据.     

基于ResNet的和差共阵DOA估计

传统互质阵列的差分共阵存在“空洞”,即缺少一些虚拟阵列元素。论文采用和差共阵形成更大尺寸的连续虚拟阵列,保留了传统的互质阵列配置,同时,将残差网络（ResNet）应用于到达方向（DOA）估计算法。论文采用的算法先将和差共阵输出的空间平滑矩阵处理后,得到特征数据,然后输入到ResNet中,将DOA估计转变为特征数据和DOA之间的非线性映射关系。通过ResNet对信号分类来实现DOA估计,相比于传统的互质阵列,基于ResNet的和差共阵DOA估计算法具有更强的准确性和适应性。     

基于最小冗余线阵的二维DOA估计方法

针对传感器阵列二维DOA估计中阵元数较多且阵元利用率较低的问题,提出了一种低阵元冗余的二维DOA估计方法.该方法通过在最小冗余线阵基础上添加两个导向阵元的方法,将最小冗余线阵的应用拓展到二维DOA估计.同时该方法利用多个时延的阵元输出共轭循环相关函数构造"伪数据阵",在时空域中等效出两个具有旋转不变性的平行子阵,进而运用DOA矩阵法估计信号二维DOA.该方法不仅避免了最优时延选择问题,继承了DOA矩阵法无需谱峰搜索且无需二维角度参数配对等优点.还用较少的阵元获得了较大的阵列有效孔径.仿真结果表明,该方法与CCDM算法相比具有更好的低信噪比适应能力和稳健性.     

基于双频互质阵列的DOA估计方法

本文提出了一种利用双频工作模式提升互质阵列DOA估计最大可分辨率信号源数目的方法,通过选择单个合适的额外工作频率获取额外不同位置的差协同阵虚拟阵元,进而填充参考工作频率下互质阵列差协同阵中两个缺失的虚拟阵元。相比于单频工作模式,双频工作模式获取了更多均匀分布的虚拟阵元,DOA估计的自由度得到了提升,实现了对更多非相干信号源的DOA估计。     

互质线阵中一种基于共轭增广的DOA估计算法

论文开展互质线阵下的空间谱估计研究。通过利用信号二阶统计量的共轭增广特性,提出互质阵下基于共轭增广的酉旋转不变性进行信号参数估计 (Conjugate augmented unitary estimation of signal parameters via rotational invariance technique, CA-UESPRIT)波达方向(Direction of arrival, DOA)估计算法。该算法先利用不同时长间隔下接收信号的二阶统计量,构造共轭增广虚拟阵列以扩展阵列孔径和提高空间自由度。然后采用基于互质特性的联合UESPRIT算法实现DOA估计。相比于传统互质线阵下的联合UESPRIT算法,CA-UESPRIT算法DOA估计性能更优。此外,通过酉变换可以将ESPRIT算法的协方差矩阵从复数域转化到实数域,降低了复杂度的同时保证了测向精度。仿真结果证实了所提算法的有效性。     

基于移位内插互质阵列高分辨DOA估计

针对互质阵列现有算法中可估计信源数少,自由度仍低的问题.提出一种新的虚拟域波达方向(DOA)估计算法.首先,对一般互质阵列改进形成移位互质阵列,通过差集数组形成虚拟阵列,增加了阵元个数,提高了阵列自由度;其次,通过虚拟阵元内插对虚拟域中缺失孔洞进行填充,形成连续虚拟阵列;最后,通过最小化原子范数的设计和内插虚拟阵列协方...     

一种基于阵列虚拟平移的互耦自校正算法

阵元间的互耦和相干信源对阵列的DOA(Direction-Of-Arrival)估计性能产生了严重影响.针对这一问题,在应用子空间原理的基础上,利用均匀线阵互耦矩阵的带状循环特性及时称Toeplitz性,并结合阵列虚拟平移,提出了一种阵元互耦条件下的相干信源的波达方向估计新算法.该算法无需阵元的互耦参数信息,就可准确地估计出相干信源的DOA,估计性能优良,而且只需一维搜索,计算量较小.计算机仿真结果验证了该算法的有效性.     

Joint direction of arrival estimation and array calibration for coprime MIMO radar

Compared to large-scale MIMO radar, coprime MIMO radar can achieve approximate estimation performance with reduced antenna number. In this paper, joint direction of arrival (DOA) estimation and array calibration for coprime multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) radar is considered, and an iterative method for the estimations of DOA and array gain-phase errors is proposed. Based on the received data structure of coprime MIMO radar, trilinear decomposition is firstly adopted to obtain the estimations of transmit and receive direction matrices, which are perturbated by the gain-phase errors. Through equation transformation, the un-perturbated direction matrices and gain-phase errors can be iteratively updated based on Least squares (LS). Finally, the unique DOA estimation is determined from the intersection of transmit and receive direction matrices. The proposed algorithm achieves better DOA estimation and array calibration performance than other methods including estimation of signal parameters via rotational invariance techniques (ESPRIT)-like algorithm, multiple signal classification (MUSIC)-like algorithm and joint angle and array gain-phase error estimation (JAAGE) method, and it performs close to the method with ideal arrays. Multiple simulation results verify the algorithmic effectiveness of the proposed method.     

基于均匀圆阵的互耦误差校正算法研究

阵元之间的互耦效应严重影响了DOA的估计性能。基于均匀圆阵,提出了一种互耦条件下的波达方向估计和互耦误差自校正算法。利用带状循环矩阵的特性对均匀圆阵的互耦误差建立数学模型,再利用MUSIC算法和迭代法对互耦误差矩阵和波达方向同时进行估计,自校正方法无需任何辅助阵元即可实现两类参数的估计。仿真实验表明,算法很好地解决了均匀圆阵的互耦问题,能够比较准确地估计出波达方向角和互耦误差值。     

A novel high degree of freedom sparse array with displaced multistage cascade subarrays

The coprime array is a recently developed sparse array that is widely used in direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation. The degree of freedom (DOF) for existing coprime arrays relies on the virtual array model, which is limited to the array structure. Furthermore, the continuous virtual array aperture is restricted. This paper aims to propose a novel high DOF sparse array with displaced multistage cascade subarrays to further increase the length of the continuous virtual array and improve the DOF. Through cascading and separating the same sparse arrays, the continuous virtual array aperture is improved and the accuracy of the direction-of-arrival estimation is increased. It is proved that the range of the displaced distance for the maximized continuous virtual array can be obtained. The comparison between the array configuration presented in this paper and the existing common arrays are analyzed. The simulation experiments show that, compared with the uniform array, the coprime array, the nested array, and the coprime array with displaced subarrays (CADiS), the sparse array configuration proposed in this paper can significantly increase the aperture of the continuous virtual array, greatly improve the array DOF and the DOA estimation accuracy, and effectively estimate the DOA of multiple sources in underdetermined conditions.     

Joint multiple parameters estimation for coherent chirp signals using vector sensor array

In this paper, an algorithm is proposed to estimate starting frequency （SF）, chirp rate （CR）, 2-D direction-of-arrivals （DOA） and polarization of coherent chirp signals with vector sensor arrays. The fractional Fourier transformation （FRFT） is used to estimate SF and CR of chirp signals in this method. And a new correlation matrix is reconstructed to suppress the noise. The property of the vector sensor array is employed to solve the problem of insufficient rank from signal coherence. The L-shaped uniform array of expend aperture is used to improve the precision of es- timation, and the method of solving the ambiguity of angle under the condition of coherent signals is presented. The performance of this algorithm is compared with that of spatial smoothing method to verify the efficacy of this approach.     

Two-dimensional angle estimation for monostatic MIMO arbitrary array with velocity receive sensors and unknown locations

In this paper, the problem of two-dimensional angle estimation for monostatic multi-input multi-output (MIMO) array is studied, and an algorithm based on the usage of velocity receive sensors is proposed. The algorithm applies the estimation method of signal parameters via rotational invariance technique (ESPRIT) algorithm to obtain automatically paired two-dimensional angle estimation. By utilizing the relationship within the outputs of velocity sensors, the rotational invariance property of ESPRIT does not depend on the array geometry any more. Hence, the proposed algorithm can provide two-dimensional DOA estimation for the MIMO array without the knowledge of sensor locations in the array. The algorithm requires no peak searches, so it has low complexity. Furthermore, it has better angle estimation performance than propagator method using the same sensor configuration. Error analysis and Cramér–Rao bound (CRB) of angle estimation in MIMO radar are derived. Simulation results verify the usefulness of the algorithm.     

电磁矢量阵中基于平行因子压缩感知的角度估计算法

将平行因子框架与压缩感知理论相结合,解决了电磁矢量传感器阵列中的波达方向估计问题。首 先将接收信号构建成平行因子模型,然后结合压缩感知理论,对平行因子模型压缩。根据三线性交替最小二乘算法对压缩后的平行因子模型进行分解,最后利用信号的稀疏性,得到波达方向估计。借助压缩过程,本文算法降低了传统的平行因子算法的计算复杂度,节约了 存储空间。本文算法无需谱峰搜索,且同时适用于均匀线阵和非均匀线阵。该算法的角度估计性优于ESPRIT算法,且接近传统的基于平行因子模型的角度估计算法,仿真结果证明该算法的有效性。     

An IDFT approach for coprime array direction-of-arrival estimation

In massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems, efficiently estimating both the direction-of-arrival (DOA) and the source power with an increased number of degrees-of-freedoms (DOFs) is important but challenging. Aiming at this, we introduce the framework of coprime array signal processing into massive MIMO system and propose an efficient inverse discrete Fourier transform (IDFT)-based DOA estimation algorithm in this paper. By implementing IDFT on the second-order virtual array signals characterized by the equivalent spatial frequency, it is proved that the resulting spatial response enables to effectively estimate both DOA and source power with an increased number of DOFs. Meanwhile, the window method and the zero-padding technique are sequentially considered to alleviate the spectral leakage phenomenon and improve the DOA estimation accuracy. Compared with the existing coprime array DOA estimation algorithms, the implementation of IDFT indicates a remarkably reduced computational complexity as well as the hardware overhead. Simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.