纳米Ni(OH)2/Ni-Ti-O 纳米管阵列复合电极的制备及其对甲醇的催化氧化性能

阳极氧化NiTi合金板获得了Ni-Ti-O 纳米管阵列（NTOs）,并将其加热至500℃在氢气气氛中还原处理2h。采用简单的溶盐浸渍法,将Ni(OH)2纳米颗粒负载在NTOs上制备Ni(OH)2/NTOs/NiTi复合电极。采用场发射扫描电子显微镜（FESEM）,X射线光电子能谱（XPS）和循环伏安法（CV）表征电极的表面形貌、电极表面的元素价态和其对甲醇氧化的电催化性能。研究了不同浸渍时间和Ni源浓度等工艺参数对电极微观形貌和电催化氧化性能的影响。结果表明：随着浸渍时间的延长和Ni源浓度的增加,电极上负载的催化纳米颗粒尺寸逐渐增大,氧化峰电流密度先增后降。在25oC时,将NTOs依次浸渍在0.2M NiCl2?6H2O乙醇溶液和0.2M NH4OH乙醇溶液中各12h后,可得到电催化性能良好的纳米Ni(OH)2/NTOs电极,氧化峰电流达到38.41 mA?cm-2。经1000次循环后,电极峰电流密度为原来的75%,表明纳米Ni(OH)2/NTOs电极有良好的循环稳定性,可成为有前景的DMFC的阳极电极候选材料。     

纳米Ni(OH)_2/Ni-Ti-O纳米管阵列复合电极的制备及其对甲醇的电催化氧化性能

阳极氧化NiTi合金板获得了Ni-Ti-O纳米管阵列(NTOs),并将其在氢气气氛中加热至500℃还原处理2 h。采用简单的溶盐浸渍法,将Ni(OH)_2纳米颗粒负载在NTOs上制备Ni(OH)_2/NTOs/Ni Ti复合电极。采用场发射扫描电子显微镜(FESEM),X射线光电子能谱(XPS)和循环伏安法(CV)表征电极的表面形貌、电极表面的元素价态和其对甲醇氧化的电催化性能。研究了不同浸渍时间和Ni源浓度等工艺参数对电极微观形貌和电催化氧化性能的影响。结果表明:随着浸渍时间的延长和Ni源浓度的增加,电极上负载的催化纳米颗粒尺寸逐渐增大,氧化峰电流密度先升后降。在25℃时,将NTOs依次浸渍在0.2 mol/L NiCl_2·6H_2O乙醇溶液和0.2 mol/L NH_4OH乙醇溶液中各12 h后,可得到电催化性能良好的纳米Ni(OH)_2/NTOs电极,氧化峰电流密度达到38.41 m A·cm~(-2)。经1000次循环后,电极峰电流密度为原来的75.7%,表明纳米Ni(OH)_2/NTOs电极有良好的循环稳定性。     

B掺杂对NiO/Ni(OH)_2电极材料电容性能的影响

通过化学镀再电化学氧化的方法在铜片表面制备出带有微米微坑和微米微球的均一NiO/Ni(OH)_2和B掺杂的NiO/Ni(OH)_2(B)2种电极材料,采用扫描电镜/能谱(SEM/EDS)、X射线衍射(XRD)仪、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)和电化学技术对所制备的2种电极材料进行表征和电化学性能测试。SEM、XRD和XPS的测试结果表明,所制备的2种电极材料由Ni、NiO和Ni(OH)_2组成,并且NiO/Ni(OH)_2(B)中B的掺杂量可达14.6%(质量分数)。循环伏安测量和恒电流充放电试验表明,2种电极材料均具有较高的电化学活性和可逆性;在1A/g的充放电电流密度下,NiO/Ni(OH)_2和NiO/Ni(OH)_2(B)电极材料经历10 000次充放电循环后分别给出了1380和1930 F/g的比电容,显示出较高的比电容特性和良好的电化学稳定性;电化学阻抗谱表明,NiO/Ni(OH)_2(B)电极材料较NiO/Ni(OH)_2电化学反应电阻降低了约2个数量级;Ragone曲线揭示了所制备的2种电极材料具有较高的功率密度和较低的能量密度。B的掺杂使得NiO/Ni(OH)_2(B)电极材料表面氧化物含量增大并且形成微米微球形貌,增大了电极表面积以及与电解液的接触和润湿作用,降低了电极材料表面能带带隙能,从而导致电化学反应电阻较小和电导率提高,这是其显示优异赝电容性能的主要原因。     

B参杂对NiO/Ni(OH)2电极材料电容性能的影响

通过化学镀再电化学氧化的方法在铜片表面制备出带有微米微坑和微米微球的均一NiO/Ni(OH)₂和B参杂的NiO/Ni(OH)₂(B)两种电极材料,采用扫描电镜(SEM/EDX)、X射线衍射(XRD)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)和电化学技术对所制备的两种电极材料进行表征和电化学性能测试。SEM、XRD和XPS的测试结果表明, 所制备的两种电极材料由Ni、NiO和Ni(OH)₂组成,并且NiO/Ni(OH)₂(B)中B的参杂量可达14.6wt%。循环伏安测量和恒电流充放电试验表明,两种电极材料均具有较高的电化学活性和可逆性;在1 A/g的充放电电流密度下, 两种NiO/Ni(OH)₂和NiO/Ni(OH)₂(B)电极材料经历10000次充放电循环后分别给出了1380 和1930F/g的比电容, 显示出较高的比电容特性和良好的电化学稳定性;电化学阻抗谱表明NiO/Ni(OH)₂(B)电极材料较NiO/Ni(OH)₂电化学反应电阻降低了约2个数量级;Ragone曲线揭示了所制备的两种电极材料具有较高的功率密度和较低的能量密度。B的参杂使得NiO/Ni(OH)₂(B)电极材料表面氧化物含量增大并且形成微米微球形貌,增大了电极表面积以及与电解液的接触和润湿作用,降低了电极材料表面能带带隙能,从而导致较小的电化学反应电阻和电导率的提高是其显示优异赝电容性能的主要原因。     

氧化钴/镍核壳结构纳米线的合成及其在超级电容器的运用

在本文中,我们通过两步法合成了具有核壳结构的CoO/NiO纳米线。透射电子显微镜的结果显示,CoO纳米线被NiO的纳米片层结构紧密包覆,同时该样品具有独特的多孔结构。由于其特殊结构,该样品用于超级电容器电极材料显示了优异的电容性能（当电流密度为1 A g-1时,其比电容能够达到708 F g-1）,同时该样品显示了良好的倍率特性以及循环稳定性（当循环1000个周期后,其电容保持力为80 %）,其电容性能明显优于单组份样品。这主要是由于CoO纳米线和NiO纳米片相比于单一组分能够为氧化还原反应提供更多的活性位点,这种协同作用有助于提高材料整体的比电容以及电化学稳定性。     

镍基合金Inconel617B在700℃超临界水环境中的氧化行为研究

开展了镍基合金 Inconel617B 在 700 ℃/25 MPa 超临界水环境氧化实验研究。利用电子天平、SEM、XRD、XPS 以及 AFM 对金属氧化动力学、氧化膜微观形貌、物相成分进行了分析。结果表明：700 ℃时镍基合金 Inconel617B 的氧化动力学介于抛物线和直线规律之间。氧化物主要为 NiO、NiCr₂O₄以及 Cr₂O₃,同时存在少量的Ni(OH)₂、CoO以及Ti O₂。随着氧化时间的增加,氧化膜物相发生变化。三维形貌观察表明,氧化膜的生长源于金属离子的向外扩散。     

电沉积法制备掺杂钴的氢氧化镍电极材料及其容量特性

采用电化学共沉积技术在泡沫镍基体上制备了掺杂氢氧化钴的氢氧化镍电极,研究了其容量特性。结果表明：0．5mol／LNi（NO3）2和0．25mol／LCo（NO3）2溶液以体积比Ni（NO3）2：Co（NO3）2=8．5：1．5混合作为沉积溶液时,所得掺钴的氢氧化镍电极性能最佳。XRD和SEM分析表明：所得产物为掺杂α-Co（OH）2的α-Ni（OH）2,晶粒尺寸为2-10nm,其粒子形貌呈球状,粒径在0．5～2μm之间。将其组装成C／Ni（OH）2模拟超级电容器,在充放电电流为5mA的条件下,循环40次后比电容为460F／g,其比电容数值随循环次数增加逐渐趋于稳定。     

钛片上直接生长Ni(OH)2纳米片阵列及其对葡萄糖的电化学检测

通过将钛片在含镍溶液中水热处理,在钛基体上直接生长Ni(OH)2纳米片阵列,并用于电化学检测葡萄糖.用X射线衍射(XRD)和扫描电镜(SEM)对样品进行了表征.研究了Ni(OH)2纳米片/钛片在NaOH溶液中的电化学性能.结果表明,该电极对葡萄糖的氧化具有良好的电催化作用,它对葡萄糖响应的线性范围为4.5×10-5～1.05× 10-3 mol/L,检出限为5μmol/L (S/N=3).     

Cu单掺杂和Cu/Al复合掺杂纳米氢氧化镍的结构和电化学性能(英文)

采用超声波辅助沉淀法制备Cu单掺杂和Cu/Al复合掺杂的纳米Ni(OH)2样品,测试样品的晶相结构、粒径、形貌、振实密度及电化学性能。结果表明,样品均具有α相结构且其平均粒度的分布范围窄,Cu单掺杂的纳米Ni(OH)2呈现不规则形态,而Cu/Al复合掺杂的纳米Ni(OH)2呈准球状且具有更大的振实密度。将纳米样品以8%的比例掺入到商业用微米级球形镍中制成混合电极。充放电和循环伏安测试结果表明,Cu/Al复合掺杂纳米Ni(OH)2的电化学性能优于Cu单掺杂的纳米Ni(OH)2的,前者的放电比容量最高达到330mA·h/g(0.2C),比Cu单掺杂样品的高12mA·h/g,比纯球镍电极的高91mA·h/g。此外,Cu/Al复合掺杂纳米样品的质子扩散系数比Cu单掺杂样品的高52.3%。     

钛基材上制备TiO2纳米管阵列电极的电化学性能

在0.5%(质量分数)NH4F/甘油电解液中通过恒压阳极氧化法在钛基体上制备TiO2纳米管阵列.采用循环伏安法、紫外-可见吸收光谱、顺磁共振波谱仪和傅立叶红外谱对TiO2纳米管阵列的表面性能进行了表征.结果表明:TiO2纳米管阵列电极可发生两个光化学过程,测得的电化学激发能?EOH/?OH＞1.643 V,对应的吸收光波长λ＜853 nm;TiO2纳米管阵列电极光化学性能变化是由于在电极表面发生Ti3+与Ti4+转化的过程中形成了·OH.     

Electrochemical fabrication of a porous nanostructured nickel hydroxide film electrode with superior pseudocapacitive performance

A porous nickel film is prepared by selectively anodic dissolution of copper from an electrodeposited Ni-Cu alloy film. A porous nanostructured nickel hydroxide film electrode is further fabricated by the cathodic electrodeposition of Ni(OH)₂ film on the obtained porous nickel film. The specific capacitances of the as-prepared porous nanostructured Ni(OH)₂ film electrode at current densities of 2, 5 and 10 A/g are 1634, 1563 and 1512 F/g, respectively. The nanoporous Ni substrate significantly improves the electrochemically cyclic stability of the electrodeposited nickel hydroxide film in 1.0 M KOH solution. The superior pseudocapacitive properties such as large specific capacitance, excellent rate capability and improved electrochemically cyclic stability of the as-prepared nickel hydroxide electrode suggest its potential application in electrochemical capacitors.     

A Novel Electrode Material of NiO Prepared by Facile Hydrothermal Method for Electrochemical Capacitor Application

NiO nanosheets were prepared by a facile and template-free hydrothermal process using l-arginine as the alternative precipitator and nickel sulfate as the nickel source. The as-synthesized materials were characterized by x-ray diffraction, Field emission scanning electron microscopy, N₂ adsorption-desorption, and the electrochemical workstation. The results show that the novel NiO material possesses a large surface area of 121 m²/g and binary pore structure of micropore and mesopore. The electrochemical tests show that the NiO electrode exhibits a specific capacitance as large as 300 F/g at the current density of 1 A/g and the specific capacitance retention can maintain 84% after 500 cycles at the current density of 15 A/g in 6 mol/L KOH.     

高倍率性能氧化镍/氢氧化镍超级电容薄膜电极材料制备技术研究新进展

氧化镍/氢氧化镍比容量高,来源丰富,成本低廉,环境友好,是国际上重点研究的一种新型赝电容电极材料。制约其应用的关键是其在大倍率充放电条件的电容性能。综述了大倍率高性能氧化镍/氢氧化镍超级电容薄膜电极材料工艺的研究进展,指出了各制备工艺的优缺点。在此基础上,发展了阳极电压振荡处理工艺,在镍片上获得了在电流密度为20mA/cm2时,比电容高达560mF/cm2,循环寿命超过10万次的高性能氢氧化镍超级电容薄膜电极材料。     

硫化钴多孔疏松纳米针束阵列超级电容器电极材料在泡沫镍基底上的原位合成及电化学性能研究

在导电泡沫镍基底上通过一种简便的离子交换反应原位合成出了硫化钴多孔疏松纳米针束阵列并直接用作超级电容器的电极。采用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)等手段对其结构和形貌进行了详细的表征。同时运用循环伏安(CV)、计时电位分析(CP)、电化学阻抗谱(EIS)等方法对其在3 mol/L KOH电解液中的电化学性能进行了分析,结果表明这种在泡沫镍基底上原位生长出的Co9S8多孔疏松纳米针捆束阵列在4 A·g~(-1)的电流密度下具有高达1400 F·g-1的比电容和优异的循环稳定性能。这种电极材料之所以具有如此优秀的电化学性能,主要归因于Co9S8纳米针捆束阵列的多孔疏松结构与3D泡沫镍基底之间的协同效应可以有效的增加电极材料与电解液之间的接触面积和提高整个电极的导电性。     

Thin-layer electrolytic nickel hydroxide Ni(OH)2 in an electrochemical capacitor

Thin-layer electrolytic nickel hydroxide Ni(OH)₂ has been obtained from an aqueous solution of nickel sulfate and nickel nitrate. The capacitor characteristics of Ni(OH)₂ depending on the synthesis and technology parameters, the thermal treatment and storage conditions of the deposits, the KOH concentration, the potential sweep rates, and the relation with the adverse process of oxygen isolation in an electrochemical capacitor were investigated by cyclic voltammetry. It was established that the optimal KOH concentration in the solution of an electrochemical capacitor is 0.1 M, and it allows one to attain an active material discharge capacitance of 427?C457 F/g. The additional anode polarization of cathode deposited Ni(OH)₂ stabilizes the discharge characteristics of the obtained Ni(OH)₂ + NiO mixture in storage processes. It was established that the mass transport process in the solid state phase is the limiting stage of the Ni(OH)₂/NiOOH system??s electrode process in a KOH medium.     

In-situ hydrothermal synthesis of Ni–MoO2 heterostructure on porous bulk NiMo alloy for efficient hydrogen evolution reaction

The Ni–MoO₂ heterostructure was synthesized in suit on porous bulk NiMo alloy by a facile powder metallurgy and hydrothermal method. The results of field emission scanning electron microscopy (SEM), field emission transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) reveal that the as-prepared electrode possesses the heterostructure and a layer of Ni(OH)₂ nanosheets is formed on the surface of Ni–MoO₂ electrode simultaneously after hydrothermal treatment, which provides abundant interface and much active sites, as well as much active specific surface area. The results of hydrogen evolution reaction indicate that the Ni–MoO₂ heterostructure electrode exhibits excellent catalytic performance, requiring only 41 mV overpotential to reach the current density of 10 mA/cm². It also possesses a small Tafel slope of 52.7 mV/dec and long-term stability of electrolysis in alkaline medium.     

In situ two-step electrochemical preparation of fluoride-free nickel-based compound film on nickel plate for supercapacitors

A nickel-based compound layer was prepared on a nickel plate by anodization in a 75 wt% H_3PO_4 solution containing NH_4F. This layer was then treated by galvanostatic charge/discharge(GCD) until a black outer layer was detached, leaving behind a film on the nickel plate as a binder-free electrode material for supercapacitors. The microstructural characterization shows that the film consists of Ni(OH)_2and NiO, and no fluoride is found in the as-obtained film. Electrochemical tests demonstrate that this fluoride-free film electrode exhibits a high capacitance of 954 F g~(-1)at 7.5 Ag~(-1), excellent rate capability(a 19.5 % capacitance reduction with the current density increasing to 120 Ag~(-1)) and cycling stability.Within 3500 cycles, the specific capacitance does not decrease, but rather increases from 840 Fg~(-1)to approximately 1092 Fg~(-1)in the first 100 cycles at 60 Ag~(-1), and remains stable until the aforementioned layer is detached.     

双氧水水热处理泡沫镍制备 Ni(OH) 2 自集流超级电容器电极材料

目的寻找一种简便、价廉、对环境友好的方法制备具有高比容、长寿命的Ni(OH)2自集流超级电容器电极材料。方法采用水热法(15%(质量分数)的H2O2溶液,180℃,24 h)直接在泡沫镍集流体上原位生长Ni(OH)2,并对其形貌、组成以及电化学性能进行研究。结果通过双氧水水热处理,可以在泡沫镍集流体上原位生长出边长400~600nm、厚度约200nm的Ni(OH)2六边形片,此为六方晶的β-Ni(OH)2。该电极材料在2mol/LKOH溶液中的最高比容为2534F/g(扫速1mV/s),且循环1000圈后,比容值仍保持在91%以上(扫速为50mV/s)。结论该制备方法简单价廉,对环境友好,制得的电极材料具有自支撑、自集流的特点,且具有优异的电化学性能和良好的循环稳定性。