基于小波包能量谱的HMM钻头磨损监测

从工程应用的角度论述了小波包分解原理及其能量谱监测理论，并将该理论应用于钻削力信号特征提取中，针对钻削过程特征矢量与钻头磨损之间具有较强的随机性和不确定性的特点，提出一种基于隐马尔可夫模型（HMM）的钻头磨损监测方法。实验结果表明，通过对钻削力信号进行多层小波包分解，提取各频段能量谱作为特征矢量可准确刻画工艺系统随钻头磨损的演化规律，利用HMM建立的各钻头磨损状态小波包能量谱的统计模型可有效跟踪钻头磨损的发展趋势，实现钻头磨损状态和寿命的监测。     

发动机异响信号的小波包能量特征提取

在机械故障诊断过程中,最关键的问题就是故障特征信号的特征提取,从某种意义上说,特征提取是当前机械故障诊断研究中的"瓶颈"问题.发动机是一种多振源、宽频带、振动形态复杂的机械,其振动信号呈现非平稳时变特征,噪声干扰大,故障信号往往被淹没在干扰噪声中.发动机声响的分析在其故障诊断中显得极为重要.现提出一种依靠小波包分析来进行发动机故障诊断的方法,即通过对发动机异响信号在全频带范围内进行正交小波包分解,得到由全频带均匀划分的各子频带的小波包分解系数,对小波包分解系数进行重构得到该频带的信号,提取各频带信号的能量构造出小波包特征向量,从而实现对故障源的判断.     

多尺度分析在微孔钻削状态监测中的应用

采用小波变换对微孔钻削振动加速信号的功率谱进行了多尺度分析,取得了满意的结果,为微孔钻削加工过程提供了有效监测方法。本方法对其他设备或过程的状态监测和故障诊断亦有应用价值。     

批量钻削监测信号双谱特征融合研究及应用

基于钻削工步质量波动与监测信号特征变化之间的耦合现象,提出一种基于监测信号双谱特征的高精度批量钻削工步质量一致性控制检测方法。认为正常钻削过程的声发射和三向加速度振动监测信号可视为随机过程,满足或近似高斯分布,信号偏离高斯分布的程度与各钻孔加工质量波动间存在对应关系;以各钻孔声发射和加速度振动监测信号为研究对象,提取各钻孔监测信号的双谱幅值平均值为特征,对不同钻削情况下信号偏离高斯分布的程度进行定量分析;采用基于ReliefF算法的特征加权模糊聚类分析,进行基于监测信号双谱幅值均值特征矩阵的钻孔质量分类,并与人工检测的工步质量一致性结果对比分析。计算和分析结果表明,监测信号双谱特征与各钻削工步质量之间存在有机联系,对信号双谱特征进行融合聚类可分析批量钻削工步质量的一致性。     

基于小波包分解的机械振动信号分析

提出了一种新的基于小波包的振动信号故障特征提取方法,运用这种方法对柴油机表面振动信号经过小波包降噪处理,有效地剔除柴油机表面振动信号的噪声干扰,提高信号的信噪比。对降噪信号提取频带能量特征,为神经网络故障诊断提供了新的故障样本。     

钻削声发射信号高阶谱研究及应用

为解决批量钻削工序质量检测问题,采集各工步加工过程声发射监测信号,提出一种基于声发射信号高阶谱分析的批量钻削质量检测方法。基于统计意义上正常钻削过程声发射信号符合高斯分布的假说,对采集的信号进行小波包消噪后,计算批量钻削工步信号的双谱切片,描述信号偏离高斯分布的程度,并分析其与钻削加工工步质量的映射关系,实现钻削加工工步质量检测。实验及分析结果表明:基于声发射信号双谱切片提取的信号特征可有效辨别批量钻削工步中的质量不合格品。     

改进双树复小波包变换及在故障诊断中的应用

针对双树复小波包分解存在频带错位和频带重叠的缺陷,提出了一种改进的双树复小波包分解算法。该算法通过交换高频子带节点小波包分解后的两节点频带顺序来消除频带错位缺陷,引入切比雪夫滤波器滤去除低频、高频子带理想通带范围之外的频率成分,以消除频带重叠缺陷。将改进双树复小波包谱峭度方法应用于齿轮箱故障诊断,首先将振动信号分解成不同频带的分量,然后利用谱峭度理论自动确定最优带通滤波器参数,获取最佳频带,再采用Hilbert包络解调,准确识别出故障齿轮的转动频率。实验结果表明,该方法能更有效地提取强噪声干扰下的齿轮箱微弱故障特征,验证了该方法的可行性和有效性。     

基于改进双树复小波变换的轴承多故障诊断

针对双树复小波变换产生频率混叠的缺陷,提出了改进双树复小波变换的轴承多故障诊断方法,该方法综合利用了双树复小波包变换和经验模态分解技术。首先,利用双树复小波变换将振动信号分解成不同频带的分量;然后,将各小波分量进行经验模态分解,获得各小波分量的主频率分量信号;最后,计算各小波分量的主频率分量信号的包络谱,根据包络谱识别齿轮箱轴承的故障部位和类型。通过仿真信号和齿轮箱轴承多故障振动实验信号的研究结果表明,该方法不仅消除了频率混叠现象,提高了信噪比和频带选择的正确性,而且提高了从强噪声环境中提取瞬态冲击特征的能力,能有效识别轴承的故障类型。     

小波包和小波脊线相结合的解调方法在液压泵故障诊断中的应用

针对轴向柱塞泵故障振动信号呈现出的非平稳和非线性特点,提出了一种基于小波包能量法与小波脊线法相结合的信号解调方法,将其用于液压泵故障诊断中的信号解调过程。该方法首先对原始振动信号进行功率谱分析,明确故障振动信号反映出的能量集中频带带宽;根据确定的带宽和原始信号分析频率设定小波包分解的层数,采用小波包能量法提取出分解系数对应频带能量最大的特征信息进行信号重构;利用小波脊线法对重构后的频带信号进行解调处理,通过信号的包络解调谱提取故障的特征频率,利用解调后的时频谱对液压泵单柱塞滑靴磨损、斜盘磨损以及中心弹簧故障进行分析。通过实验结果验证,该方法能有效地对液压泵的故障信号进行解调,并能找出反映故障的敏感特征频率。     

基于完全抗混叠DTCWPT和包络谱熵的轴承故障诊断

针对经典小波包和双树复小波包(dual tree complex wavelet package transform,DTCWPT)能量泄漏和频率混叠的缺陷,提出完全抗混叠的DTCWPT改进算法,该算法解决了经典小波包存在负频率以及经典小波包和DTCWPT滤波器频率不完全截止问题。根据高斯白噪声频率充满整个频带的特性,通过小波包变换对高斯白噪声进行分解,利用频带能量泄漏的定量分析方法,验证了改进DTCWPT具有完全的抗频带能量泄漏特性。将改进DTCWPT方法和包络谱熵引入到轴承故障诊断中,该方法的核心是:对轴承振动信号进行改进DTCWPT变换得到不同尺度的分解信号,分别计算各分解信号的包络谱熵,合并熵值较小的几个分量信号的包络谱,最后根据合并的包络谱来检测轴承故障。该方法在消除经典小波包变换和DTCWPT频率混叠和能量泄漏的同时还解决了小波包分量选择盲目的问题。最后应用轴承故障试验数据对该方法进行试验验证,结果表明:改进DTCWPT结合包络谱熵选择的方法能够很好提取出轴承故障特征频率的基频、倍频,提高了轴承故障的诊断效果。     

Minimal Realization of Linear Graph Models for Multi-physics Systems

An engineering system may consist of several different types of components,belonging to such physical"domains"as mechanical,electrical,fluid,and thermal.It is t...     

INTEGRAL EQUATION METHOD＇S APPLICATION IN HOLE-EDGE STRESS OF COMPOSITE MATERIAL PLATE WITH DIFFERENT SHAPED HOLES

The strength of composite plate with different hole-shapes is always one of the most important but complicated issues in the application of the composite material. The holes will lead to mutations and discontinuity to the structure. So the hole-edge stress concentration is always a serious phenomenon. And the phenomenon makes the structure strength decrease very quickly to form dangerous weak points. Most partial damage begins from these weak points. According to the complex variable functions theory, the accurate boundary condition of composite plate with different hole-shapes is founded by conformal mapping method to settle the boundary condition problem of complex hole-shapes. Composite plate with commonly hole-shapes in engineering is studied by several complex variable stress fimction. The boundary integral equations are founded based on exact boundary conditions. Then the exact hole-edge stress analytic solution of composite plate with rectangle holes and wing manholes is resolved. Both of offset axis loadings and its influences on the stress concentration coefficient of the hole-edge are discussed. And comparisons of different loads along various offset axis on the hole-edge stress distribution of orthotropic plate with rectangle hole or wing manhole are made. It can be concluded that hole-edge with continuous variable curvatures might help to decrease the stress concentration coefficient; and smaller angle of outer load and fiber can decrease the stress peak value.     

Non-monotonic material contrast in scanning ion and scanning electron images

30 keV Ga⁺ focused ion beam induced secondary electron (iSE) imaging was used to determine the relative contrast between several materials. The iSE signal compared from C, Si, Al, Ti, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mo, Ag, and W metal layers does not decrease with an increase in target atomic number Z₂, and shows a non-monotonic relationship between contrast and Z₂. The non-monotonic relationship is attributed to periodic fluctuations of the stopping power and sputter yield inherent to the ion–solid interactions. In addition, material contrast from electron-induced secondary electron (eSE) and backscattered electron (BSE) images using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) also shows non-monotonic contrast as a function of Z₂, following the periodic behavior of the stopping power for electron–solid interactions. A comparison of the iSE and eSE results shows similar relative contrast between the metal layers, and not complementary contrast as conventionally understood. These similarities in the contrast behavior can be attributed to similarities in the periodic and non-monotonic function defined by incident particle–solid interaction theory.     

Application of Feature Extraction through Convolution Neural Networks and SVM Classifier for Robust Grading of Apples

This paper proposes a novel grading method of apples,in an automated grading device that uses convolutional neural networks to extract the size,color,texture,an...     

分布动态载荷识别的抗噪处理

针对正交多项式频域法在用多种响应对矩形薄板进行载荷识别中抗噪性较差的问题,综合运用平均法、矩阵预处理和奇异值截断法等方法对之进行改善,并引入空间映射的思想,将该方法的应用范围拓展为复杂的模型.利用仿真算例,证实了该方法具有较好的抗噪性.     

基于MELTAC-N平台的核电厂安全级DCS环网研究与测试

针对工程实践中环网通讯相关问题的处理缺乏理论基础及国产化安全级DCS平台的开发缺乏成熟经验借鉴问题,对基于MELTAC-N平台核电厂安全级DCS环网的软硬件实现进行了研究。提出了安全级DCS环网双环网冗余设计、光切换开关设计等硬件设计方法,以及以RPR协议为基础,采用全数据收发策略的软件设计方法。在CPR1000安全级DCS平台上对安全级DCS环网的可靠性及实时性进行了评价,并进行了容错能力、响应时间及响应时间稳定性测试验证实验。结果表明,基于MELTAC-N平台安全级DCS环网软硬件设计具有较好的容错能力及响应时间稳定性。     

Short-Term Relay Quality Prediction Algorithm Based on Long and Short-Term Memory

The fraction defective of semi-finished products is predicted to optimize the process of relay production lines, by which production quality and productivity ar...     

End-to-End Multiview Gesture Recognition for Autonomous Car Parking System

The use of hand gestures can be the most intuitive human-machine interaction medium.The early approaches for hand gesture recognition used device-based methods....     

The laboratory simulation of abrasive wear

Abrasive wear has long been recognised as one of the most potentially serious tribological problems facing the operators of many types of plant and machinery; several industrial surveys have indicated that wear by abrasion can be responsible for more than 50% of unscheduled machine and plant stoppages. Locating the operating point of a tribological contact in an appropriate operational ‚map’︁ can provide a useful guide to the likely nature and origins of the surface degradation experienced in use, though care must be exercised in choosing the most suitable parameters for the axes of the plot. Laboratory testing of materials and simulations of machine contacts are carried out for a number of purposes; at one level for the very practical aims of ranking candidate materials or surface hardening treatments in order of their wear resistance, or in an attempt to predict wear lives under field conditions. More fundamentally, tests may be aimed at elucidating the essential physical mechanisms of surface damage and loss, with the longer term aim of building an analytical and predictive model of the wear process itself. In many cases, component surface damage is brought about by the ingress of hard, particulate matter into machine bearing or sealing clearances. These may be running dry although, more usually, a lubricant or service fluid is present at the interface. A number of standardised wear test geometries and procedures have been established for both two- and three-body wear situations, and these are briefly described. Although abrasive wear is often modelled as following an ‚Archard’︁ equation (i.e. a linear increase in material loss with both load and time, and an inverse dependence on specimen hardness) both industrial experience and laboratory tests of particularly lubricated contacts show that this is not always the case: increasing the hardness differential in an abrasively contaminated lubricated pair may not always reduce the rate of damage to the harder surface.     

Limits of topographic measurement by the scanning tunnelling and atomic force microscopes

Parameters describing the topographic character of a surface (height, surface wavelength, slope and curvature) can be derived from equivalent sinusoidal profiles. The response of a surface-measuring instrument may be modelled in terms of instrument parameters such as stylus radius, and scanning range and resolution. The performance of the instrument may then be mapped as a zone in amplitude-wavelength (AW) space to show the sinusoidal profiles it is capable of measuring. In a first-order analysis the STM and AFM are considered as equivalent to contact-stylus instruments with a notional stylus radius equal to the tip radius plus the gap. Comparisons between different instruments and types of instrument are readily made by mapping in AW space. The error arising from convolution of the sinusoidal profile with that of the finite tip may be quantified and plotted as contours in AW space.