柔性染料敏化太阳能电池光阳极的制备研究新进展与展望

柔性染料敏化太阳能电池在工业卷对卷生产中,生产率高,成本低,吸引了大批研究工作者的关注。简要介绍了柔性染料敏化太阳能电池的特点,重点介绍了柔性衬底的选择及柔性光阳极的制备方法。光阳极作为柔性染料敏化太阳能电池的重要组成部分,是电子激发和收集的区域,其性能决定了柔性染料敏化太阳能电池的性能。柔性染料敏化太阳能电池的光阳极的制备主要基于导电塑料薄膜和金属片,其具有可携带性、柔性、小尺寸与质量轻等特点。导电塑料薄膜衬底必须采用低温制备技术,如加压法、电泳沉积法、化学烧结法、微波辐照、紫外辐照、激光烧结和原子层沉积法等方法。而金属衬底则可采用传统的高温制备技术。     

柔性染料敏化太阳能电池TiO_2光阳极的制备

柔性染料敏化太阳能电池(Flexible Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell,FDSSC)是以聚合物或金属等柔性材料为基底的染料敏化太阳能电池(Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell,DSSC)。相比于刚性DSSC,其具有可弯曲、低成本、易大面积加工和应用范围广等优点,越来越受到人们的关注。柔性染料敏化太阳能电池TiO2光阳极的制备方法,根据热处理温度的不同可以分为低温和高温制备方法,其中包括化学法、压力法、电泳沉积法、转移法、金属基底上的制备以及一些新的制备方法等。本文结合DSSC光阳极中电子的传输和复合的基本原理,针对电极的各制备方法进行了综述,并对电池的相关性能作了一定的介绍;最后,对FDSSC未来的发展前景和有潜力的研究方向进行了展望。     

染料敏化太阳能电池双层结构光阳极研究进展

染料敏化太阳能电池(DSSCs)因为其制备工艺简单、实用化前景好、成本低、转换效率高等优点而受到广泛关注。简要介绍了染料敏化太阳能电池结构和工作原理,并从电解质、染料敏化剂、对电极和光阳极等方面综述了其各组成部分的研究现状。重点以TiO_2/CeO_2复合光阳极为例,阐述了染料敏化太阳能电池光阳极薄膜材料的发展历程,总结了双层结构薄膜材料的光散射效应、上转换性质、比表面积、光响应能力以及电子传输性能对整个电池性能优化的影响,并对未来染料敏化太阳能电池研究方向和前景进行了展望。     

柔性染料敏化太阳能电池TiO2薄膜的低温制备技术

简要介绍了柔性染料敏化太阳能电池的特点,综述了柔性染料敏化太阳能电池中TiO2纳米晶半导体薄膜光电极的低温制备技术.     

染料敏化太阳能电池的研究进展

染料敏化太阳能电池是一种环保太阳能电池,由于其制作工艺简单、小尺寸等特点,在纺织和电子器件供能等领域有着广泛的应用前景。本文介绍了染料敏化太阳能电池的研究现状、组成结构和工作原理,重点介绍了组成太阳能电池中的对电极、光阳极和电解质材料的研究进展和现状,总结了目前染料敏化太阳能电池的研究成果,分析了各种材料作为对电极、光阳极和电解质的优缺点。同时还介绍了染料敏化太阳能电池在纺织领域作为智能纺织品的应用,展望了染料敏化太阳能电池的未来发展趋势。     

染料敏化太阳能电池用过渡金属化合物对电极的研究进展

由于成本低、制作工艺简单、光电转换效率高, 染料敏化太阳能电池被认为是传统太阳能电池最有力的竞争者之一。染料敏化太阳能电池常用的对电极是Pt电极, Pt价格高, 储量少, 因此寻找一种价格便宜且催化性能较好的材料代替Pt制备对电极是目前的研究热点。过渡金属化合物品种多、制备过程简单、价格低且催化性能好, 近年来受到人们的广泛关注, 是代替Pt制备染料敏化太阳能电池对电极最好的材料之一。本文综述了染料敏化太阳能电池过渡金属化合物对电极的研究现状, 对过渡金属化合物对电极的性能特点及今后研究的重点进行了分析。     

碳材料在太阳能电池对电极中的研究进展

简要说明了太阳能电池对电极的作用,并阐述了铂对电极、镍对电极、聚合物对电极和氧化铜对电极目前的发展状况.碳材料具有良好的导电性能和催化性能,具有制备太阳能电池对电极的基本性质.详细论述了碳材料对电板的制备工艺及其性能参数,与其它对电极相比,碳材料制备的对电极导电性能好,光电转化率可达到铂电极的90%,优于其它材料制备的对电极,而且价格低廉,因此碳材料对电极具有广阔的发展前景.碳材料对电极是染料敏化太阳能电池的重要研究方向.     

染料敏化太阳能电池柔性对电极的研究进展

从柔性基体的选择,高聚物基底铂对电极的低温制备方法,金属基底铂对电极以及其它催化材料柔性对电极等几个方面介绍了染料敏化太阳能电池柔性对电极的研究现状,重点评述了高聚物基底铂对电极的低温制备技术,如磁控溅射真空镀铂、化学镀铂、电化学镀铂、雕版印刷、旋转涂布等,并就柔性对电极的未来发展方向进行了展望.     

ZnO基复合材料在染料敏化太阳能电池中的研究

ZnO作为染料敏化太阳能电池(DSSC)光阳极的研究已成为近年来的热点。简要介绍了染料敏化太阳能电池的发展及其结构,ZnO在染料敏化太阳能电池方面应用的优点(如无污染、良好的形貌可控性、电子迁移率大等)和缺点,以及近年来关于ZnO与其他材料复合的制备及应用于染料敏化太阳能电池光阳极的研究进展,论述了ZnO基复合材料的优点,并分析了该材料研究的发展方向。     

柔性钙钛矿太阳能电池研究进展

近年来,柔性钙钛矿太阳能电池由于具有质量轻、成本低、形状可塑、适用性广等优点,成为了太阳能电池领域炙手可热的研究课题。目前,该类柔性电池的最高光电转换效率已超过16%。本文针对柔性钙钛矿太阳能电池的结构及其柔性衬底,介绍了其主要的研究方向和目前的研究进展,并探讨了柔性钙钛矿太阳能领域面临的主要问题与挑战,最后展望了柔性钙钛矿太阳能电池的发展。     

Low-Cost Counter-Electrode Materials for Dye-Sensitized and Perovskite Solar Cells

It is undoubtable that the use of solar energy will continue to increase. Solar cells that convert solar energy directly to electricity are one of the most convenient and important photoelectric conversion devices. Though silicon-based solar cells and thin-film solar cells have been commercialized, developing low-cost and highly efficient solar cells to meet future needs is still a long-term challenge. Some emerging solar-cell types, such as dye-sensitized and perovskite, are approaching acceptable performance levels, but their costs remain too high. To obtain a higher performance–price ratio, it is necessary to find new low-cost counter materials to replace conventional precious metal electrodes (Pt, Au, and Ag) in these emerging solar cells. In recent years, the number of counter-electrode materials available, and their scope for further improvement, has expanded for dye-sensitized and perovskite solar cells. Generally regular patterns in the intrinsic features and structural design of counter materials for emerging solar cells, in particular from an electrochemical perspective and their effects on cost and efficiency, are explored. It is hoped that this recapitulative analysis will help to make clear what has been achieved and what still remains for the development of cost-effective counter-electrode materials in emerging solar cells.     

柔性染料敏化太阳能电池研究进展

从柔性基底的选择、低温法制备纳米晶TiO2薄膜、柔性对电极等几个方面介绍了柔性DSSC的研究进展,重点评述了纳米晶TiO2薄膜低温制备技术,如低温烧结法、微波烧结法、水热法、紫外光照射法和加压法等的优缺点,并展望了柔性DSSC未来的研究方向.     

Highly Efficient and Stable Flexible Perovskite Solar Cells with Metal Oxides Nanoparticle Charge Extraction Layers

In this study, the fabrication of highly efficient and durable flexible inverted perovskite solar cells (PSCs) is reported. Presynthesized, solution‐derived NiO_x and ZnO nanoparticles films are employed at room temperature as a hole transport layer (HTL) and electron transport layer (ETL), respectively. The triple cation perovskite films are produced in a single step and for the sake of comparison, ultrasmooth and pinhole‐free absorbing layers are also fabricated using MAPbI₃ perovskite. The triple cation perovskite cells exhibit champion power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of 18.6% with high stabilized power conversion efficiency of 17.7% on rigid glass/indium tin oxide (ITO) substrates (comparing with 16.6% PCE with 16.1% stabilized output efficiency for the flexible polyethylene naphthalate (PEN)/thin film barrier/ITO substrates). More interestingly, the durability of flexible PSC under simulation of operative condition is proved. Over 85% of the maximum stabilized output efficiency is retained after 1000 h aging employing a thin MAPbI₃ perovskite (over 90% after 500 h with a thick triple cation perovskite). This result is comparable to a similar state of the art rigid PSC and represents a breakthrough in the stability of flexible PSC using ETLs and HTLs compatible with roll to roll production speed, thanks to their room temperature processing.     

Perovskite Grains Embraced in a Soft Fullerene Network Make Highly Efficient Flexible Solar Cells with Superior Mechanical Stability

Halide perovskite films processed from solution at low‐temperature offer promising opportunities to make flexible solar cells. However, the brittleness of perovskite films is an issue for mechanical stability in flexible devices. Herein, photo‐crosslinked [6,6]‐phenylC₆₁‐butyric oxetane dendron ester (C‐PCBOD) is used to improve the mechanical stability of methylammonium lead iodide (MAPbI₃) perovskite films. Also, it is demonstrated that C‐PCBOD passivates the grain boundaries, which reduces the formation of trap states and enhances the environmental stability of MAPbI₃. Thus, MAPbI₃ perovskite solar cells are prepared on solid and flexible substrates with record efficiencies of 20.4% and 18.1%, respectively, which are among the highest ever reported for MAPbI₃ on both flexible and solid substrates. The result of this work provides a step improvement toward stable and efficient flexible perovskite solar cells.     

ZnO纳米棒阵列的水热生长条件对柔性染料敏化太阳能电池的影响

利用水热法在不同条件下在ITO-PET(tin-doped indium oxide polyethylene terephthalate)上制备氧化锌纳米棒阵列, 通过一些定量的参数, 如纳米棒的直径、长度和棒密度来表征纳米棒的形貌. 通过改变反应条件可以调节上述参数. 分别讨论了两个重要条件: 反应时间和前驱体浓度. 研究表明前驱体浓度对长径比有重要影响. 柔性基底上的氧化锌纳米棒作为染料敏化电池的新型光阳极, 长径比的改变对柔性电池有重要的影响. 可通过调节反应条件来提高柔性染料敏化电池的性能.     

Metal Oxide Semiconductors for Dye‐ and Quantum‐Dot‐Sensitized Solar Cells

This Review provides a brief summary of the most recent research developments in the synthesis and application of nanostructured metal oxide semiconductors for dye sensitized and quantum dot sensitized solar cells. In these devices, the wide bandgap semiconducting oxide acts as the photoanode, which provides the scaffold for light harvesters (either dye molecules or quantum dots) and electron collection. For this reason, proper tailoring of the optical and electronic properties of the photoanode can significantly boost the functionalities of the operating device. Optimization of the functional properties relies with modulation of the shape and structure of the photoanode, as well as on application of different materials (TiO₂, ZnO, SnO₂) and/or composite systems, which allow fine tuning of electronic band structure. This aspect is critical because it determines exciton and charge dynamics in the photoelectrochemical system and is strictly connected to the photoconversion efficiency of the solar cell. The different strategies for increasing light harvesting and charge collection, inhibiting charge losses due to recombination phenomena, are reviewed thoroughly, highlighting the benefits of proper photoanode preparation, and its crucial role in the development of high efficiency dye sensitized and quantum dot sensitized solar cells.     

染料敏化太阳能电池对电极的研究进展

综述了近年来染料敏化太阳能电池对电极的种类、特点及制作方法的研究进展情况,对不同种类对电极的制备方法及其优缺点进行了比较,指出了贵金属类对电极的不足,同时也给出了非金属类对电极的优势.最后提出,大力开展非金属类低价高效的对电极研究是今后染料敏化太阳能电池课题研究的一个重要方向,并对染料敏化太阳能电池的前景进行了展望.     

柔性薄膜太阳电池的研究进展

综述了近年来柔性薄膜太阳电池的发展状况,结合柔性薄膜太阳电池的发展历史,分析了用作柔性衬底薄膜太阳电池的研究成果,探讨了各种器件结构的优缺点,并介绍了柔性衬底材料的选择及柔性太阳电池的研究进展。