From knowledge based software engineering to knowware based software engineering

The first part of this paper reviews our efforts on knowledge-based software engineering, namely PROMIS, started from 1990s. The key point of PROMIS is to generate applications automatically based on domain knowledge as well as software knowledge. That is featured by separating the development of domain knowledge from the development of software. But in PROMIS, we did not find an appropriate representation for the domain knowledge. Fortunately, in our recent work, we found such a carrier for knowledge modules, i.e. knowware. Knowware is a commercialized form of domain knowledge. This paper briefly introduces the basic definitions of knowware, knowledge middleware and knowware engineering. Three life circle models of knowware engineering and the design of corresponding knowware implementations are given. Finally we discuss application system automatic generation and domain knowledge modeling on the J2EE platform, which combines the techniques of PROMIS, knowware and J2EE, and the development and deployment framework, i.e. PROMIS/KW＊＊.     

程序智能合成技术研究进展

近年来,随着信息技术快速发展,软件重要性与日俱增,极大地推动了国民经济的发展.然而,由于软件业务形态越来越复杂和需求变化越来越快,软件的开发和维护成本急剧增加,迫切需要探索新的软件开发模式和技术.目前,各行业在软件活动中积累了规模巨大的软件代码和数据,这些软件资产为软件智能化开发建立了数据基础.与此同时,深度学习等人工...     

石油勘探开发领域本体构建及应用

领域本体是知识工程中的重要组成部分,本体技术是一种重要的知识表示方法,是知识工程背后的支撑技术。首先介绍领域本体的构建理论及方法,从主题域、知识域、本体域提出石油勘探开发领域本体的三维知识模型并基于该模型开发了本体构建软件实现了石油勘探实例的管理及应用。     

Intelligent Development Environment and Software Knowledge Graph

Software intelligent development has become one of the most important research trends in software engineering. In this paper, we put forward two key concepts — intelligent development environment (IntelliDE) and software knowledge graph — for the first time. IntelliDE is an ecosystem in which software big data are aggregated, mined and analyzed to provide intelligent assistance in the life cycle of software development. We present its architecture and discuss its key research issues and challenges. Software knowledge graph is a software knowledge representation and management framework, which plays an important role in IntelliDE. We study its concept and introduce some concrete details and examples to show how it could be constructed and leveraged.     

Networked Knowledge and Complex Networks: An Engineering View

Along with the development of information technologies such as mobile Internet, information acquisition technology, cloud computing and big data technology, the traditional knowledge engineering and knowledge-based software engineering have undergone fundamental changes where the network plays an increasingly important role. Within this context, it is required to develop new methodologies as well as technical tools for network-based knowledge representation, knowledge services and knowledge engineering. Obviously, the term “network” has different meanings in different scenarios. Meanwhile, some breakthroughs in several bottleneck problems of complex networks promote the developments of the new methodologies and technical tools for network-based knowledge representation, knowledge services and knowledge engineering. This paper first reviews some recent advances on complex networks, and then, in conjunction with knowledge graph, proposes a framework of networked knowledge which models knowledge and its relationships with the perspective of complex networks. For the unique advantages of deep learning in acquiring and processing knowledge, this paper reviews its development and emphasizes the role that it played in the development of knowledge engineering. Finally, some challenges and further trends are discussed.      

From hardware to software to knowware: IT's third liberation?

Knowware is a natural development in IT after hardware and software. It is a knowledge module that is independent, commercialized, suitable for computer manipulation, and directly usable by a class of software. It is directly related to intelligence: if software is the condensation and crystallization of knowledge, then knowware is the condensation and crystallization of intelligence. Pseudo natural languages (PNLs) such as ZHIWEN make it possible to develop knowware in a fast and massive fashion. They also offer a way to separate software developers from knowware developers, so that software engineers need only develop software tools, leaving the task of knowware development to the domain-specific experts.     

GENERAL SYSTEMS PROBLEM SOLVING: A Basis for Systemic Knowledge Engineering

Abstract

Starting with the systemic models and formalisms of George Klir [1969,1989] a new approach to knowledge engineering has been developed, which is appropriately called Systemic Knowledge Engineering. In the 1970's Robert Orchard supplemented Klir's models with his own Problem Solving Roadmap, a morphological grid used to model human problem solving. This approach has led us to develop models of knowledge on a hierarchy of meta-levels providing a powerful way to represent complex knowledge. In this paper we trace the development of Systemic Knowledge Engineering until the present. We then describe some of the latest research efforts, showing how the approach is being used to model cooperative problem solving. We also describe some seminal research being done in automated knowledge translation     

代码知识图谱构建及智能化软件开发方法研究

智能化软件开发正在经历从简单的代码检索到语义赋能的代码自动生成的转变,传统的语义表达方式无法有效地支撑人、机器和代码之间的语义交互,探索机器可理解的语义表达机制迫在眉睫.首先指出了代码知识图谱是实现智能化软件开发的基础,进而分析了大数据时代智能化软件开发的新特点以及基于代码知识图谱进行智能化软件开发的新挑战;随后回顾了智能化软件开发和代码知识图谱的研究现状,指出了现有智能化软件开发的研究仍然处于较低水平,而现有知识图谱的研究主要面向开放领域知识图谱,无法直接应用于代码领域知识图谱.因此,从代码知识图谱的建模与表示、构建与精化、存储与演化管理、查询语义理解以及智能化应用这5个方面详细探讨了研究新趋势,以更好地满足基于代码知识图谱进行智能化软件开发的需要.     

一种可用于基于内容智能检索的知识表示方式

在基于内容的智能检索中,多媒体信息的知识表示方式是应该首先解决的关键问题之一。文章总结分析了基于内容的智能检索中现有的一些知识表示模型,在此基础上提出了一种新的可用于基于内容的智能检索的知识表示方式,为今后的研究提供了一些新的思路和方法。     

Developing a quantitative intelligent system for implementing concurrent engineering design

This research focuses on the development of a quantitative intelligent system for implementing concurrent engineering design. The paper first discusses the task of concurrent engineering design and the basic requirements for conducting integrated concurrent engineering design. The proposed quantitative intelligent system approach combines qualitative reasoning, based upon design and manufacturing knowledge, and quantitative evaluation and optimization, conducted using design information and manufacturing data generated in the knowledge-based reasoning. The method allows considerations on non-operating principle aspects of a product to be incorporated into the design phase, such as manufacturing, maintenance, service, recycle, etc., with an emphasis on production costs. The proposed method serves as a convenient software tool for gathering information required in the concurrent engineering design process and integrates tasks from different parts of the product development life cycle, particularly function design, manufacturability analysis and production cost estimation. A prototype software system is developed based upon this method using Smalltalk-80. In the prototype system, concurrent engineering design is carried out by: (1) describing and representing design requirements; (2) generating feasible design candidates and evaluating their design functions; (3) representing design geometry; (4) finding the associated production processes and predicting the production costs of each feasible design; and (5) identifying the costeffective design that satisfies given design requirements and requires minimum production costs.     

软件测试领域的知识管理及模型研究*

软件测试组织中知识管理具有不同的特征,以建立测试知识共享场所为基础,对软件测试知识传递和积累进行分析,提出了一个面向软件测试过程的知识管理模型。该模型强调了将知识服务与软件测试活动紧密联系的思想,为软件测试领域知识管理技术研究提供了重要基础。基于该模型,给出了在QESuite2.0 项目中的应用情况。     

软件开发技术

软件工程是一门年轻的学科,虽然软件开发模型和结构化方法等技术在70年代广为流行,但这些技术还需要进一步研究的问题,并且有些实际问题有待解决;另一方面,软件工程又是一门迅速发展更新的学科,新观点、新技术和新方法近年来层出不穷。当前,软件过程研究及企业软件开发过程改善已经成为与技术研究同等重要的课题。一个基本的共识是：软件过程的改善和软件模式的应用两方面的无缝结合将是软件工程发展的主流,同时也是解决软件危机的主要途径。     

智能控制工程研究的进展

结合智能控制研究的几个理论分支,着重从机器人控制,机械制造,电力电子学,工业过程和广义控制几个方面分析了当前智能控制的主要应用领域,指出其中的研究热点和重点,通过总结智能控制工程的现状,提出进一步开展智能控制应用研究的若干对策,包括从基础理论研究和应用系统评估上寻求更成熟的理论指导,明确智能控制研究的目标是建立智能系统模型并实现控制器的智能化,在选择应用对象和设计控制器对遵循“简单”与“复杂”的辨证关系,重视知识技术创新和加快新型智能控制软硬件研制的步伐等。     

A four-step model for diagnosing knowledge transfer challenges from operations into engineering design

Knowledge gained from operations can help optimize the design of new installations in terms of system performance, health, and safety. Transferring such knowledge to engineering design teams makes it available for use in projects. However, the transfer involves different challenges. To better understand and identify these challenges, we combine a knowledge transfer model with a work systems model into the development of a conceptual four-step model for knowledge transfer from operations to engineering design. Knowledge transfer implies that the knowledge must be captured, transformed into an engineering design context, transferred to the appropriate individuals, and finally, applied to the design of new facilities. In this paper, we 1) present the development of this model, 2) illustrate its application in an empirical case study in an offshore oil company, and 3) propose a generic diagnostic tool to be applied in companies to diagnose and identify the existing challenges within knowledge transfer from operations to engineering design.Relevance to industryThe proposed diagnostic tool allows for better understanding of design problems to be faced and for developing design solutions that improve health, safety, and production effectiveness. This benefits knowledge management and engineering design professionals in industries with geographically dispersed organizations.     

一个改善软件结构设计质量的知识系统

本文讨论我们在研制”ＭＩＳ软件工程环境“中为优化软件结构而采用的知识技术。尽管技术工程学对软件设计提出了优化软件结构的任务并给出了一些指导性原则,但由于设计者的经验和理解程度不同,因而软件结构设计质量往往因人而异。本研究旨在探索一种方法提供一种工具,以改善软件结构的质量,提高软件工程环境的智能水平。     

Fuzzy Logic Based Group Maturity Rating for Software Performance Prediction

Driven by market requirements,software services organizations have adopted various software engineering process models (such as capability maturity model (CMM),capability maturity model integration (CMMI),ISO 9001:2000,etc.) and practice of the project management concepts defined in the project management body of knowledge.While this has definitely helped organizations to bring some methods into the software development madness,there always exists a demand for comparing various groups within the organization in terms of the practice of these defined process models.Even though there exist many metrics for comparison,considering the variety of projects in terms of technology,life cycle,etc.,finding a single metric that caters to this is a difficult task.This paper proposes a model for arriving at a rating on group maturity within the organization.Considering the linguistic or imprecise and uncertain nature of software measurements,fuzzy logic approach is used for the proposed model.Without the barriers like technology or life cycle difference,the proposed model helps the organization to compare different groups within it with reasonable precision.     

软件开发技术

软件工程是一门年轻的学科,虽然软件开发模型和结构化方法等技术在70年代广为流行,但这些技术还需要进一步研究的问题,并且有些实际问题有待解决;另一方面,软件工程又是一门迅速发展更新的学科,新观点、新技术和新方法近年来层出不穷。当前,软件过程研究及企业软件开发过程改善已经成为与技术研究同等重要的课题。一个基本的共识是:软件过程的改善和软件模式的应用两方面的无缝结合将是软件工程发展的主流,同时也是解决软件危机的主要途径。     

Flex‐eWare: a flexible model driven solution for designing and implementing embedded distributed systems

The complexity of modern embedded systems increases as they incorporate new concerns such as distribution and mobility. These new features need to be considered as early as possible in the software development life cycle. Model driven engineering promotes an intensive use of models and is now widely seen as a solution to master the development of complex systems such as embedded ones. Component‐based software engineering is another major trend that gains acceptance in the embedded world because of its properties such as reuse, modularity, and flexibility. This article proposes the Flex‐eWare component model (FCM) for designing and implementing modern embedded systems. The FCM unifies model driven engineering and component‐based software engineering and has been evaluated in several application domains with different requirements: wireless sensor networks, distributed client/server applications, and control systems for electrical devices. This approach highlights a new concept: flexibility points that arise at several stages of the development process, that is, in the model (design phase), in the execution platform, and during the execution itself. This flexibility points are captured with model libraries that can extend the FCM. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于SDLC的知识管理实施研究*

知识是竞争优势的根源,知识管理是挖掘这种竞争优势的有效手段,而知识管理的实施又是重中之重.首次将软件开发中业已成熟的生命周期法(SDLC)引入知识管理领域,以其系统化、阶段化的思想指导知识管理的实施.     

基于知识的计算机图像处理

详尽地阐述了计算机图像处理中的各类相关知识，分析了知识工程在图像处理中的一个应用-图像处理专家系统，并举例说明了该系统的知识结构和推理机构，总结了目前基于知识的计算机图像处理的局限性并提出了相应的解决设想，展望了知识工程技术这一新的研究应用领域的发展前景。