Intake of bisphenol A from canned beverages and foods on the Belgian market

Bisphenol A (BPA), a contaminant which may be present in the coating of cans, was determined in 45 canned beverages and 21 canned food items from the Belgian market. Beverages had an average BPA concentration of 1.0 ng/ml, while canned foods had a higher average concentration of 40.3 ng/g. The amount of BPA present in food items was dependent on the type of can and sterilisation conditions rather than the type of food. For example, BPA was not detected in non-canned beverages (<0.02 ng/ml), while non-canned food items had a very low average concentration of 0.46 ng/g. Using detailed information from the Belgian food consumption survey, the BPA intake of adults through canned foods and beverages was estimated to be 1.05 µg/day or 0.015 µg/kg body weight/day (assuming an average adult weight of 70 kg). Intake assessments, based on urinary metabolite concentrations from the literature, resulted in slightly higher BPA intakes (range 0.028–0.059 µg/kg body weight/day). This suggests that sources other than canned foods and beverages contribute to BPA exposure in humans.     

绿茶饮料中茶多酚稳定性的研究

应用分光光度法研究了绿茶饮料中茶多酚的稳定性,证明添加L-抗坏血酸1.0g/L、半胱氨酸1.0g/L、无水亚硫酸钠0.5g/L,既能在贮存过程中保持绿茶饮料特有的汤色,又能稳定其营养成分茶多酚的含量。     

Metaproteomics insights into traditional fermented foods and beverages

Traditional fermented foods and beverages (TFFB) are important dietary components. Multi‐omics techniques have been applied to all aspects of TFFB research to clarify the composition and nutritional value of TFFB, and to reveal the microbial community, microbial interactions, fermentative kinetics, and metabolic profiles during the fermentation process of TFFB. Because of the advantages of metaproteomics in providing functional information, this technology has increasingly been used in research to assess the functional diversity of microbial communities. Metaproteomics is gradually gaining attention in the field of TFFB research because it can reveal the nature of microorganism function at the protein level. This paper reviews the common methods of metaproteomics applied in TFFB research; systematically summarizes the results of metaproteomics research on TFFB, such as sauces, wines, fermented tea, cheese, and fermented fish; and compares the differences in conclusions reached through metaproteomics versus other omics methods. Metaproteomics has great advantages in revealing the microbial functions in TFFB and the interaction between the materials and microbial community. In the future, metaproteomics should be further applied to the study of functional protein markers and protein interaction in TFFB; multi‐omics technology requires further integration to reveal the molecular nature of TFFB fermentation.     

三波长分光光度法测定红茶及其饮料中黄酮的含量

采用三波长分光光度法测定红茶及其饮料中黄酮的含量,消除了由于红茶中黄酮光谱吸收峰不对称给定量分析造成的影响,并校正了基于干扰组分(饮料中添加剂)的吸收光谱具有线性吸收产生的基线倾斜。实验结果,回归方程为:DA=-3.221?0-4 0.06735C,相关系数r=0.9992;黄酮的浓度在1000~3000g/mL范围内,分别在波长为l1=470nm、l2=420nm、l3=370nm处测吸光度时,则DA与浓度C之间呈良好的线性关系,可按标准曲线法进行定量分析。本法的回收率为96.0%~107.0%,变异系数小于0.48%。方法的准确度与精密度均令人满意,而且操作简便易行。     

Dimensions of parents’ attitudes to unhealthy foods and beverages

Effective health interventions rely on a detailed understanding of the target audience’s attitudes relevant to the desired behavioural change. In the context of obesity interventions targeting parents, understanding parents’ attitudes to unhealthy foods and beverages is necessary to overcome barriers to adopting recommended behaviours. The aim of the present study was to assess the factors influencing parents’ attitudes to unhealthy foods and beverages to identify potential elements to incorporate into future obesity prevention programs. A sample of 1302 parents responded to an online survey that assessed their perceptions of the two product categories of soft drinks and energy dense, nutrient poor (EDNP) foods. Overall, attitudes to these products were favourable, with perceived convenience and enjoyment receiving higher scores than value for money and health considerations. The results suggest that interventions designed to improve children’s diets should aim to enhance perceptions of the convenience and taste of healthier alternatives, while also addressing factors such as food advertising and child pestering that can influence parents’ attitudes to unhealthy products.     

茶饮料关键控制点及其处理的研究

着重分析了茶饮料生产中色泽与沉淀的主要组成成分、成因及其影响因素,并对国内外茶饮料生产工艺研究概况进行了探讨,总结了一些有益的控制茶饮料生产的工艺方法。     

酶技术在茶饮料生产中的应用研究

论述了各种酶在茶饮料生产中的应用现状,并预测其在茶饮料生产中的发展方向。     

共振光散射法测定焙烤食品及饮料中的添加剂——甜蜜素

建立简便、快速测定面包、饼干、果味饮料及碳酸饮料中甜蜜素的高灵敏共振光散射新方法。在pH 9.27 Tris-HCl介质中,甜蜜素与维多利亚蓝B以静电作用生成离子缔合物,使共振光散射(resonance light scattering,RLS)显著增强,并在369 nm处产生一个特征散射峰的新共振光散射光谱,甜蜜素的质量浓度在0.004~0.4 mg/L范围内与共振光散射增强强度(ΔI RLS)呈线性关系,检出限为0.0035 mg/L,样品的定量限分别为2.69 mg/100 g(面包和饼干)和29.2 mg/L(饮料),样品的加标回收率和相对标准偏差(n=5)分别为97.5%~103%和1.8%~2.6%。该法简便、快速,有很高的灵敏度,适用于实际样品分析。     

山东省居民饮料中咖啡因暴露评估

目的评价山东省居民咖啡因的摄入水平及潜在的健康风险。方法检测8类共319份饮料样品中咖啡因含量数据,结合2013年2 523名山东省居民饮料消费量调查数据,采用确定性评估的方法,对山东省不同年龄-性别组人群的咖啡因摄入水平及其潜在风险进行评估。结果各类饮料咖啡因的平均含量为9 210.06 mg/kg,最大值为49 059.60 mg/kg。山东省全人群咖啡因的平均每日摄入量为61.62μg/kg BW,远低于咖啡因的安全摄入量(6.7 mg/kg BW)。不同年龄-性别组人群以60岁及以上年龄组男性每日摄入量最高,平均为166.55μg/kg BW,占安全摄入量的2.49%。全人群中高食物量消费人群的咖啡因每日摄入量(P97.5)为476.82μg/kg BW,远低于安全摄入量,各年龄-性别组人群高食物量消费人群的咖啡因每日摄入量范围为0.00～3 104.70μg/kg BW,最大值为13～17岁年龄组女性的摄入量。茶叶对于山东省居民饮料中咖啡因摄入的贡献率最高,达到74.19%。3～12岁儿童的咖啡因摄入主要来源为可乐。结论山东省居民饮料中咖啡因摄入的健康风险总体较低,其中茶叶和可乐分别为成年人和儿童的主要贡献食品。     

Dietary exposure of secondary school students in Hong Kong to benzoic acid in prepackaged non-alcoholic beverages

This study evaluated the dietary exposure of secondary school students in Hong Kong to benzoic acid from pre-packaged non-alcoholic beverages. Exposure was estimated using local food consumption data of secondary school students obtained by a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire in 2000 and the benzoic acid level detected in pre-packaged beverages, including soft drink (both diet/light and regular types), fruit juice, soy milk, Chinese tea and coffee/tea) available locally in late 2006. The estimated dietary exposure to benzoic acid from pre-packaged beverages of average and high consumers (95^th percentile) was 0.31 and 0.97 mg kg^?1 bw day^?1, respectively. These exposures accounted for 6.1 and 19.3% of the acceptable daily intake (ADI: 0–5 mg kg^?1 bw) of benzoic acid for average and high consumers, respectively. As in other countries, soft drinks contributed most to dietary exposure to benzoic acid from pre-packaged beverages in Hong Kong.     

HPLC determination of caffeine in tea,chocolate products and carbonated beverages

Different brands of mate and black tea, chocolate products and carbonated beverages available on the Brazilian market were analysed for caffeine by high-performance liquid chromatography with a UV-vis detector at 254 nm. The column was a reverse phase C18 and the mobile phase consisted of methanol–water (30:70, v/v), acetonitrile–water (10:90, v/v) and methanol–water (25:75, v/v) for tea, chocolate products and soft drinks respectively. Caffeine content ranged from 1.05 to 15.83 mg per cup in mate tea, from 32.21 to 36.23 mg per cup in black tea, from 0.14 to 0.95 mg g⁻¹ in chocolate products from 2.73 to 7.49 mg per can in guaraná-type soft drinks and from 19.81 to 45.89 mg per can in cola soft drinks. These data indicate that the levels of caffeine in Brazilian teas, chocolates and soft drinks are within the ranges reported for similar products in other countries. © 1999 Society of Chemical Industry     

Development of a chemometric-assisted deep eutectic solvent-based microextraction procedure for extraction of caffeine in foods and beverages

ABSTRACT

In this research article, a novel and green deep eutectic solvent-based microextraction (DES-ME) procedure based on chemometric-assisted (CA) optimization was developed for the extraction of caffeine in foods and beverages prior to its spectrophotometric determination. Ultrasound was used to accelerate the extraction of caffeine. Deep eutectic solvents (DES), prepared in an ultrasonic bath at 20–60 min for 60–80°C, were used as extraction solvents. The important experimental variables (pH, DES amount, temperature, sonication time and metal concentration) were modelled and optimized using response surface methodology (RSM) based on central composite design (CCD). Under the optimum conditions, the proposed method allowed the determination of caffeine with limits of detection (LOD, 3s_blank/m) and quantification (LOQ, 3s_blank/m) of 7.5 and 25.0 µg L^?1, respectively. For 40 µg L^?1 and 100 µg L^?1 of caffeine (n = 5), relative standard deviations (RSDs%) and recoveries% were 1.2–1.6% and 96.7–98.2%, respectively. Validation studies (accuracy, precision, trueness, reliability and selectivity) of the method were performed before the analysis of real samples. The results showed that the combination of the CCD with the DES-ME can be considered as a new perspective for the extraction and determination of caffeine in foods and beverages.     

茶饮料色泽劣变及护色技术研究进展

茶饮料滋味独特、文化底蕴深厚且营养成分丰富,广受消费者的青睐,是世界上仅次于水的第二大饮料。汤色是评价茶饮料品质好坏的重要指标。不同类型的茶饮料呈现出不同的色泽,茶汤色泽的呈现是茶汤中各种物质综合作用的结果,这些物质主要包括儿茶素类、黄酮醇及其苷类以及花青素等,除此之外还有一些脂溶性色素。茶汤色泽劣变主要是由于这些物质易受茶饮料加工与贮藏条件的影响,从而发生一系列反应生成有色物质,致使茶汤变黄、变红、变褐。茶饮料色泽的劣变是制约该产业发展的主要瓶颈之一。本文从茶饮料中主要呈色物质及其在加工贮藏过程中的变化规律入手,对茶饮料色泽劣变机理和护色技术进行概括总结,旨在为茶饮料护色技术研发提供理论参考。     

茶饮料色泽劣变及护色技术研究进展

茶饮料滋味独特、文化底蕴深厚且营养成分丰富,广受消费者的青睐,是世界上仅次于水的第二大饮料。汤色是评价茶饮料品质好坏的重要指标。不同类型的茶饮料呈现出不同的色泽,茶汤色泽的呈现是茶汤中各种物质综合作用的结果,这些物质主要包括儿茶素类、黄酮醇及其苷类以及花青素等,除此之外还有一些脂溶性色素。茶汤色泽劣变主要是由于这些物质易受茶饮料加工与贮藏条件的影响,从而发生一系列反应生成有色物质,致使茶汤变黄、变红、变褐。茶饮料色泽的劣变是制约该产业发展的主要瓶颈之一。本文从茶饮料中主要呈色物质及其在加工贮藏过程中的变化规律入手,对茶饮料色泽劣变机理和护色技术进行概括总结,旨在为茶饮料护色技术研发提供理论参考。     

饮料中提取酪蛋白的方法选择

目的探索4种沉淀蛋白质的方法在提取饮料酪蛋白过程中对其复溶率的影响,为建立超高效液相色谱-三重四极杆串联质谱法鉴别饮料中酪蛋白亚型及相应含量的测定寻找最佳前处理方法。方法选取乳粉、以乳粉或牛乳为原料的饮料、添加酪蛋白或酪蛋白酸钠的饮料作为测试样品,用pH 8.5的Tris-HCl溶液溶解,采用等电点沉淀法、乙腈沉淀法、丙酮沉淀法和乙醇沉淀法提取样品中的蛋白质,低温离心后对沉淀的蛋白质进行复溶,用考马斯亮蓝法分别测定沉淀前和复溶后样品溶液中可溶性蛋白质的含量,计算类酪蛋白的复溶率。结果乳粉和3类饮料中的酪蛋白经等电点沉淀法提取后,乳粉的类酪蛋白复溶率在64.95%~66.20%之间,3种饮料中的类酪蛋白复溶率在69.73%~84.95%之间,等电点沉淀法优于其他3种沉淀方法。αs-酪蛋白标准物质和β-酪蛋白标准物质的复溶率分别为70.16%和87.17%,且经高分辨质谱确证其复溶后的主成分为酪蛋白。另外对45种含酪蛋白饮料中的类酪蛋白含量进行了测定,其含量在0.10~42.36 mg/g(mg/mL)之间。结论等电点沉淀法提取类酪蛋白的复溶率较其他3种沉淀方法相对稳定,为饮料中酪蛋白的亚型鉴别及相应含量测定提供了回收率较高的前处理方法,为今后测定酪蛋白含量的液相质谱法的研究奠定了较好基础。     

饮料中霉菌和酵母计数检验结果的不确定度评估

目的评估饮料中霉菌和酵母计数检验结果的不确定度。方法依据GB4789.15-2010《食品微生物学检验霉菌和酵母计数》测定饮料中霉菌和酵母菌总数,并对霉菌和酵母计数过程中的样液制备、递增稀释、加样体积和重复测量等不确定度来源进行分析与量化。结果饮料中霉菌和酵母计数的检验结果以对数值的平均数表示时,其取值区间lgX=3.115±0.0409;以2次测量平均值表示时,其取值区间为1186~1432 CFU/m L(k=2.08)。结论利用日常检验数据评定饮料中霉菌和酵母计数检验结果的不确定度是可行的。     

Caffeine content of prepackaged national-brand and private-label carbonated beverages

ABSTRACT:  Caffeine is a well-known stimulant that is added as an ingredient to various carbonated soft drinks. Due to its stimulatory and other physiological effects, individuals desire to know the exact amount of caffeine consumed from these beverages. This study analyzed the caffeine contents of 56 national-brand and 75 private-label store-brand carbonated beverages using high-performance liquid chromatography. Caffeine contents ranged from 4.9 mg/12 oz (IGA Cola) to 74 mg/12 oz (Vault Zero). Some of the more common national-brand carbonated beverages analyzed in this study with their caffeine contents were Coca-Cola (33.9 mg/12 oz), Diet Coke (46.3 mg/12 oz), Pepsi (38.9 mg/12 oz), Diet Pepsi (36.7 mg/12 oz), Dr Pepper (42.6 mg/12 oz), Diet Dr Pepper (44.1 mg/12 oz), Mountain Dew (54.8 mg/12 oz), and Diet Mountain Dew (55.2 mg/12 oz). The Wal-Mart store-brand beverages with their caffeine contents were Sam's Cola (12.7 mg/12 oz), Sam's Diet Cola (13.3 mg/12 oz), Dr Thunder (30.6 mg/12 oz), Diet Dr Thunder (29.9 mg/12 oz), and Mountain Lightning (46.5 mg/12 oz). Beverages from 14 other stores were also analyzed. Most store-brand carbonated beverages were found to contain less caffeine than their national-brand counterparts. The wide range of caffeine contents in carbonated beverages indicates that consumers would benefit from the placement of caffeine values on food labels.     

超高效液相色谱法测定饮料中咖啡因含量

目的 建立超高效液相色谱法测定饮料中咖啡因含量。方法 样品经预处理后, 所得溶液均过 0.22 μm滤膜, 经C18色谱柱分离, 以水和甲醇为流动相, 梯度洗脱, 流速为0.21 mL/min, 二极管陈列检测器进行分析。结果 咖啡因为1.0~100 μg/mL浓度范围内呈线性关系, 线性相关系数为0.9994, 加标回收率在90.3%~98.4 %之间, 相对标准偏差小于10 %(n=6), 检出限为0.05 mg/kg。结论 该方法操作简单、干扰小, 准确度可靠, 能够分析饮料中咖啡因。     

金属罐装饮料中11种双酚类物质的污染调查与风险分析

目的 了解市场流通领域金属罐装饮料中11种双酚类物质的污染状况并进行风险分析。方法 在市场流通领域随机采集30批次金属罐装饮料样品, 采用高效液相色谱-串联质谱法进行分析。结果 30批次样品中有9批次检出双酚类物质, 总体检出率为30%, 检出的双酚类物质为双酚A-二缩水甘油醚(bisphenol A diglycidyl ether, BADGE)·2H2O和BADGE·H2O·HCl, 其最大检出值分别为4.002 mg/kg和1.254 mg/kg。结论 市场流通领域金属罐装饮料中双酚类物质存在一定程度的污染, 需加强风险监测。