The big picture in imagery research.

Reviews the book, Theories of image formation by David Marks (1986). This book contains 10 chapters spanning a wide range of views concerning the nature, function, and proper way to investigate mental imagery. It presents a striking variety of views and approaches. Some of the chapters are very good; the remaining chapters pale in comparison. Overall, the book provides what we might imagine as the big picture behind research on image formation. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Stepping back to see the big picture: When obstacles elicit global processing.

Can obstacles prompt people to look at the “big picture” and open up their minds? Do the cognitive effects of obstacles extend beyond the tasks with which they interfere? These questions were addressed in 6 studies involving both physical and nonphysical obstacles and different measures of global versus local processing styles. Perceptual scope increased after participants solved anagrams in the presence, rather than the absence, of an auditory obstacle (random words played in the background; Study 1), particularly among individuals low in volatility (i.e., those who are inclined to stay engaged and finish what they do; Study 4). It also increased immediately after participants encountered a physical obstacle while navigating a maze (Study 3A) and when compared with doing nothing (Study 3B). Conceptual scope increased after participants solved anagrams while hearing random numbers framed as an “obstacle to overcome” rather than a “distraction to ignore” (Study 2) and after participants navigated a maze with a physical obstacle, compared with a maze without a physical obstacle, but only when trait (Study 5) or state (Study 6) volatility was low. Results suggest that obstacles trigger an “if obstacle, then start global processing” response, primarily when people are inclined to stay engaged and finish ongoing activities. Implications for dealing with life's obstacles and related research are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2011 APA, all rights reserved)     

The big picture(s) in deciding authorship order.

Comments on M. A. Fine and L. A. Kurdek's (see record 1994-11404-001) discussion of authorship credit in faculty–student collaborations. B. Thompson disagrees with their position that an inexact determination of authorship credit, resolved in the student's favor, necessarily causes problems and that point systems could be used to evaluate the magnitude of contributions to scholarship. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Rostering: placing the nurse in the picture

The aim of the study was to find out whether methicillin-resistant S. aureus strains (MRSA) are tolerant in a higher degree to disinfectants, and whether a correlation exists between lower sensitivity to these agents and resistance to gentamicin. The study was carried out on 30 strains of MRSA and 20 of MSSA isolated from various clinical materials in various regions of the country. Among the studied MRSA 24 strains were resistant and 6 were sensitive to gentamicin, and in MSSA 3 strains were resistant and 17 sensitive to this antibiotic. The sensitivity to four disinfectants: Manusan, Sterinol, Septyl R and Lysoformin Spezial was determined by measurement of MIC (minimal inhibitory concentration) in agar medium. Most MRSA in Poland showed decreased sensitivity to these disinfectants. Among gentamicin-sensitive and resistant MRSA strains the proportions of strains with higher tolerance of three disinfectants (Manusan, Sterinol and Lysoformin Spezial) were very similar. Reduced sensitivity to disinfectants was found in all gentamicin-resistant MSSA. These data indicate that S. aureus strains possess various mechanisms of tolerance of disinfectants. Nearly half the studied strains (46%) had decreased sensitivity to all three preparations (Manusan, Sterinol and Lysoformin Spezial) belonging to various chemical groups this seems to indicate that increased tolerance to these disinfectants is a non-specific feature of S. aureus strains.     

Receptor tyrosine phosphatases: the worm clears the picture

Recent work on the Caenorhabditis elegans clr-1 gene shows that the receptor tyrosine phosphatase that it encodes negatively regulates a receptor tyrosine kinase related to mammalian fibroblast growth factor receptors. This opens up a promising system for investigating receptor tyrosine phosphatase function.     

从氯化渣中浸出钪的研究

以富集钪后的氯化渣为原料,研究了浸出酸种类、原料粒度、浸出酸浓度、浸出液固质量比、浸出温度和浸出时间对钪浸出率的影响.条件试验和正交试验表明,最佳试验条件为:浸出酸种类为硫酸;浸出酸浓度为40％;原料粒度为44 μm(325目);浸出液固质量比为3.5;漫出温度70℃;浸出时间为8h.浸出温度、浸出液固质量比和浸出酸浓度对钪浸出率的影响大小依次为:浸出温度＞浸出液固质量比＞漫出酸浓度.稳定试验表明:钪的漫出率在95％以上,为下步进行钪的回收创造了有利条件.     

二氧化氯与氯气在饮用水消毒方面的应用比较

从饮用水安全性、消毒效果等方面介绍了二氧化氯与氯气优缺点,并最终认定二氧化氯将是替代氯气在生活饮用水的最佳选择。     

Target-controlled inhalation anesthesia or computer-controlled quantitative inhalation anesthesia

Teniposide (VM26) has been claimed to be active with a moderate toxicity in elderly patients affected by small-cell lung cancer (SCLC). Twenty-two patients with SCLC older than 65 years received VM26 as first-line chemotherapy at a dose of 60 mg/m2 on 5 consecutive days every 3 weeks. Age distribution ranged from 67 to 80 years (median 72 years). Fourteen patients were men and eight were women. Twelve patients had limited disease (LD) and ten extensive disease (ED). One patient (LD) had a complete response, and four (3 LD, 1 ED) achieved a partial response for an overall response rate of 22.7% (95% CI 6-40%). The most frequent toxicity was myelosuppression: 20 and 15% of patients had grade 3 leukopenia and thrombocytopenia, respectively. Our results seem to suggest that VM26 by this schedule is moderately effective in elderly patients with SCLC, and it cannot be recommended as a routine treatment.