Development of house prices in the Netherlands

This contribution concerns the development of prices in the owneroccupied sector in the Netherlands. The analysis focuses on the development over two decades, from 1975 to 1995. That period may be divided into a number of phases of growth and stagnation, as defined by fluctuating house prices. Some explanations for these fluctuations are offered here. These include the influence of regulation by government and other major institutions; demographic developments; developments in the supply of owner-occupied dwellings; developments in a number of economic variables; and the dynamics of the market. Then an attempt is made to estimate how prices will develop in the future. It should be kept in mind that this forecast is based on statistical relations that were calculated with reference to the past. In the event those relations change in the future, the model estimated here would not yield good predictions. Peter Boelhouwer is researcher at the OTB Research Institute for Policy and Technology at Delft University of Technology, The Netherlands. His research focus has been general housing policy, housing finance and comparative housing research. Johan Conijn is director of the OTB Research Institute for Policy and Technology at Delft University of Technology, The Netherlands. His research focus has been general housing economics, housing finance, and general housing policy. Paul de Vries is assistant-researcher OTB Research Institute for Policy and Technology at Delft University of Technology, The Netherlands. His research focus has been building market and statistical analyses.     

Financing the non-profit rented sector in Western Europe

The degree to which the non-profit rented sector in Western Europe has had to adjust itself toward privatization is the subject of this article. Specifically, we examine how private financing in the non-profit rented sector is implemented in Western Europe. We also trace how these practices affect the way the sector performs in various countries. In the final section of this paper, we shed some light on the diversity of responses to the challenges facing the non-profit rented sector in Western Europe. This article is based on the study “Financing the non-profit rented sector in Western Europe”, published in the series Housing and Urban Policy Studies. This project was carried out by the OTB Research Institute for Policy Sciences and Technology of Delft University of Technology, in cooperation with the School of the Built Environment of the De Montfort University in Leicester (UK). This cooperation forms part of the Centre for Comparative Housing Research. Peter Boelhouwer is a senior researcher at the OTB Research Institute for Housing, Urban and Mobility Studies, Delft University of Technology. His research focus has been on general housing policy, housing finance and comparative housing research.     

Social housing investment: Housing policy and finance in the UK and the Netherlands, 1970–1992

Levels of social housing investment in the UK and the Netherlands are considered for the period 1970–1992. The changing housing policies and the developing structures of social housing finance are analysed. These factors have contributed to the decline in social housing construction in the UK and the Netherlands. In particular, the desire of governments in both countries to cut public capital expenditure on housing and increase the role of private, capital in new construction reduced the output during the 1980s. In the UK, a tight monetarist policy was adopted with the aim of keeping inflation down. This can be seen as a major cause of declining levels of public expenditure on housing production. In the Netherlands, a more significant role, compared to the UK, seems to have been played by developments on the housing market, especially the real estate crisis in 1978–1982. In both countries, the outlook for investment in social housing is gloomy Hugo Priemus hold the chair in housing at Delft Unviersity of Technology, and he is managing director of OTB Research Institute for Policy and Technology Jacqueline Smith is research assistant at the School of the Built Environment, De Montfort University, Leicester, (UK). Both cooperate in the Centre for Comparative Housing Research, a joint venture between the School of the Built Environment and OTB.     

Tackling crime and vandalism on post-war housing estates: The Dutch approach

This paper is based on two papers presented at the Paris conference, “Housing debates—Urban challenges”, 3–6 July 1990. Our research is part of a large-scale research project being conducted at the Research Institute for Policy Sciences and Technology (OTB) at the University of Delft into the problems of vandalism and crime on housing estates. This research is sponsored by the Ministries of Justice and Home Affairs, and affiliated to the research program of Urban Networks.     

The choice for expensive owneroccupancy in the Netherlands

The demand for expensive owner-occupied dwellings in the Netherlands needs to be better understood, as this sector is expected to account for an increasing share of the existing housing stock in the near future. This expectation is partly based on changes in government policy made in the past and anticipated for the coming years. To gain insight into the development of that demand, it is important to know which types of household are moving into expensive owner-occupied dwellings. A logistic regression analysis was carried out to determine which factors affect a household's decision to move into a dwelling of this type and how these factors have shifted in the period 1976–1989. This paper argues that even though the household career/lifecycle stil has a strong influence on that decision, the housing market situation should also be taken into account. While demographic and socioeconomic developments suggest a potential for expansion in the more expensive owner-occupied market, the housing market situation might hinder that growth. Harry Boumeester is a researcher at the OTB Research Institute for Policy and Technology, Delft University of Technology. His Ph.D. research concerns the analysis of developments in the demand for expensive owner-occupied dwellings in the Netherland during the last 20 years.     

Urbanization and spatial planning in an international perspective

This contribution compares Germany, France, and the United Kingdom with the Netherlands on a number of issues. The focus is on (a) processes of urbanization and (b) urban policies (broadly defined in an economic, social, and ecological sense). These issues are seen in relation to national spatial planning. The authors combine the findings of this comparative analysis with the results of previous research by one of the authors. At the end, they draw some conclusions and make recommendations for the next (Fifth) Report on Physical Planning in the Netherlands. Ton Kreukels is professor of Urban and Regional Planning, Faculty of Geographical Sciences at Utrecht University. From 1986 to 1992, he was also a member of the Netherlands Scientific Council for Government Policy. Then, and especially in this last position, his research was focused on a study of the four big cities and city regions in the Netherlands: Amsterdam, Rotterdam, The Hague, and Utrecht. From 1992 up to the present, he has been involved in a comparative study of urban regions in Europe, including those of the Netherlands. Egge-Jan Pollé is a human geographer from Utrecht University. In 1996, while a junior-researcher at Utrecht University, he worked together with the first author on the study about Germany, France, and the United Kingdom that is reported in this article. That study was commissioned by the Netherlands National Spatial Planning Agency.     

US housing policies for the 1980s

Conference on Housing Policies in the Eighties: Choices and Outcomes, organized jointly by the Urban Affairs Programme of the College of Architecture and Urban Studies, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University and the Institute for Policy Studies, Washington, DC, Alexandria, Virginia, USA, 17–18 May 1985     

Wood construction in South America

The author, the Earle B. Norris Research Professor of Wood Construction at Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA, first wrote on this subject in the July/August 1971 issue of the CIB journal. Dr Stern made the observations presented in this article following a visit last year to Brazil, where he participated in the Third Inter-American Conference on Materials Technology. At this conference he and the co-author, Dr Geza Ifju, presented a paper on 'Wood in the Construction of Mass-Produced Houses'.     

Mise en application

The author, the Earle B. Norris Research Professor of Wood Construction at Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA, first wrote on this subject in the July/August 1971 issue of the CIB journal. Dr Stern made the observations presented in this article following a visit last year to Brazil, where he participated in the Third Inter-American Conference on Materials Technology. At this conference he and the co-author, Dr Geza Ifju, presented a paper on ‘Wood in the Construction of Mass-Produced Houses’.     

International comparison of social housing management in Western Europe

This article provides an overview of social housing management in seven West-European countries. In order to place the concept of housing management in context and allow comparison, housing management is classified according to technical, social and financial aspects of management. Housing management has become increasingly independent and the financial ties are becoming looser in nearly all of the seven investigated countries. Even though governments still play a major role in Europe with respect to the granting of subsidies, the non-profit institutions have to entirely rely on the capital market in order to obtain the required funds. However, in many cases intermediary organisations are still responsible for attracting loans. Peter Boelhouwer is a senior research at the OTB Research Institute for Housing, Urban and Mobility Studies, Delft University of Technology. His research focus has been on general housing policy, housing finance and comparative housing research. This paper is based on two recent OTB-studies about the social rented sector in Western Europe. The first study was written by Birgitta van de Ven and was published in 1995 in the Dutch series “Volkshuisvestingsbeleid en Bouwmarkt” (26). The title of this report is “Housing systems in Europe: A comparative study of housing management”. The second study (Boelhouwer, 1996) is titled “Financing the social rented sector in Western Europe”, and is published in the series Housing and Urban Policy Studies. This project was carried out by the OTB in cooperation with the School of the Built Environment of the De Montfort University in Leicester (UK). This cooperation forms part of the Centre for Comparative Housing Research.     

地域文化与绿色技术交融建筑创新理论与实践

总结华南理工大学建筑设计研究院在建筑设计作品中自觉融入地域文化与绿色技术的成功经验。从其创作过程 中所坚持的理论体系、方法体系、技术体系三个层面进行阐述和梳理。发现其在一批见证了国家重大历史事件的精品 建筑设计中,逐步形成了绿色技术与文化艺术交融的应用技术体系,取得了显著的社会效益、环境效益和经济效益。 认为华南理工大学建筑设计研究院地域文化与绿色技术相结合的建筑创作模式的实现是以何镜堂院士“两观三性”基 础建筑理论为指导,以产学研结合创新、多学科交叉创新、多专业协同创新的方法体系为保障的结果。     

On the social significance of spatial location; Spatial segregation and social inclusion

This article gives an overview of the positive and negative aspects of spatial concentration and segregation. We argue that much of the literature is biased; it emphasizes the drawbacks of spatial concentration and segregation of low-income groups in general and immigrants in particular. The opportunities offered by concentration and segregation, which almost always depend on the presence of local solidarity networks, are given less attention. These opportunities are mainly treated in the literature on ethnic entrepreneurs. Much of the literature on the effects of spatial concentration and segregation is based on research in the United States. Thus, we have to be very careful when we apply the results to West European countries. The overview concludes with some suggestions for further research. This paper was first presented at the COST-CIVITAS Conference on Social Fragmentation, Social Cohesion and Urban Governance in Oslo, 5–7 June 1997. Gideon Bolt is a PhD researcher at the Urban Research Centre Utrecht, Faculty of Geographical Sciences, Utrecht University. His work concerns the importance of the neighborhood with regard to the migration patterns of Turks. Jack Burgers is an associate professor of sociology at the Erasmus University of Rotterdam. Ronald van Kempen is an associate professor at the Urban Research Centre Utrecht, Faculty of Geographical Sciences, Utrecht University, the Netherlands.     

为人们的生活品质而设计

JoostEctor（1972年出生）是EctorHoogstad建筑事务所（简称EHA事务所）的合伙人和主任设计师。1996年．他以优异的成绩从埃因霍温科技大学毕业．之后便加入了Hoogstad建筑事务所。1999年．在赢得了阿姆斯特丹HES项目的设计竞赛后，他成功晋升为一名项目建筑师。2001年．JoostEctor成为了事务所的一名主管．次年又与MaxPape一起成为了EctorHoogstad事务所的合伙人。EctorHoogstad建筑事务所是一所拥有独立资质的建筑事务所．总部设于阿姆斯特丹，现任的公司领导为JoostEctor（主任设计师）和MaxPape（总经理）。在荷兰的高端国际建筑事务所中．EHA事务所处于领先地位。     

Research information: Under political scrutiny - Swedish building and construction research

The implications of proposed radical policy changes to building research in Sweden are examined by Ulf Sandstrom of Linkoping University and Jan Eriksson of the Royal Institute of Technology. The historical context of different funding mechanisms and political expectations provides a background to the current debate in Sweden over the future of the Swedish Building Research Council. The authors question the validity of the radical governmental reduction of R&D funding. Evidence suggests that collaborative funding would not maintain the current wide porfolio of R&D projects nor provide adequate knowledge production.     

Fragmentation and cultural landscapes: tightening the relationship between human beings and the environment

Fragmentation is a research concept properly belonging to the biosciences and agriculture, yet it is one finding application in the planning and design fields. Cultural landscapes, on the other hand, is a concept uniquely rooted in landscape architecture and resource management. This paper links the two as a means of better grounding each in the decisions and processes affecting countryside planning and rural landuse, although both concepts have applications in urban settings, as well. However, in theory and in practice, both concepts are impacted by the man versus nature paradigm, in which planners and designers are challenged to consider whether human actions are “natural” actions, or whether they belong in a separate philosophical category. This position paper was developed as a keynote speech for the 2000 ISOMUL Conference at the Wageningen University and Research Center in The Netherlands.     

The different faces of private rented housing

The relation between public policy and the private rented sector is usually unclear. The private rented sector often suffers from public policy, although private landlords mostly enjoy fiscal advantages as well. In many European countries, private renting housing has been losing ground. Nevertheless, private rented housing fulfils a number of useful functions in the housing market: as a tenure for urban starters; for the elderly; and for a mobile, well-to-do segment of the population engaged in flexible labour markets. The main lines of seven country profiles are sketched here: (West) Germany, England, the Netherlands, Sweden, France, Canada and the United States. In his comparative contribution at the end of this special issue, Maclennan points out that the private rented sector has indeed declined in many European countries. But he also shows that in countries like the USA, Germany and Sweden the sector has had a broadly constant share since about 1980. In the future, private rented housing will remain an attractive sector, at least for those who are unable to afford owner-occupied housing and those unable to gain access to social housing. Hugo Priemus holds the chair in housing at Delft University of Technology and he is managing director of OTB Research Institute for Housing, Urban and Mobility Studies. Duncan Maclennan is McTaggart professor at the Centre for Housing Research and Urban Studies, University of Glasgow, Great Britain.     

Housing renewal policy in Sweden and health consequences among the aged

Richard Harris and Geraldine Pratt (eds.), Housing Tenure and Social Class. Gävle: The National Swedish Institute for Building Research, Research Report SB: 10, 1987, 237 pp.

Gösta Esping‐Andersen, Politics against Markets—The Social Democratic Road to Power. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1985, 366 pp.

Hugh Heclo and Henrik Madsen, Policy and Politics in Sweden—Principled Pragmatism. Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1987, 348 pp.

The Nordic civil servants’ committee for regional policy (NERP), Storbypolitik i Norden (Urban Policy in Scandinavia). Stockholm: The Nordic Council of ministers, NU 1985:7, 1986.

John R. Logan and Harvey L. Molotch, Urban Fortunes—The Political Economy of Place. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1987.     

Predicting consumer response to new housing: A stated choice experiment

This paper discusses problems typical of eliciting housing preference. It will be argued that stated preference and choice models are potentially powerful in eliciting consumer housing preferences. This approach is illustrated in an example of new housing construction in Meerhoven. The design of the stated choice experiment is outlined and the estimated part-worth utilities of the attributes are presented. Furthermore, choices for houses in low- and high-density environments are predicted and its is examined how much more households are willing to pay for low-density housing. Eric Molin is Ph.D. candidate at the Department of Architecture and Urban Planning, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands. Harmen Oppewal is assistant professor at the Department of Architecture and Urban Planning, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands. Harry Timmermans is professor of Urban Planning at the Department of Architecture and Urban Planning, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands. He also hold the Carthy Foudation Chair in Makerking at the Department of Marketing and Economic Analysis, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.     

The role of the university in attracting high tech entrepreneurship: A Silicon Valley tale

Among the many sorting functions provided by institutions of higher education, there is a geographic dimension. During the years spent as students and residents of local communities, students develop specific networks and contacts, and perhaps their tastes change as well. After graduation, these students may be more likely to reside in the locality or region in which they have been educated.  This paper presents evidence which suggests that the university is important in attracting human capital to the local area and in stimulating entrepreneurial talent in the region.  We also measure the strength of the impact of the university on geographical location in one specific instance. For post-graduate professional business and engineering students at Berkeley, we compare the spatial distribution of residences before attending the university and again after graduation.  The results are suggestive of the importance of academic institutions in the geographic pattern of agglomerations of footloose scientific firms, such as those in the Silicon Valley just south of San Francisco. The results also reinforce the self-interested reasons for government investment in high-quality educational institutions, as measured by the return on the augmented human capital stock in the region. A previous version of this paper was presented at the Workshop on Entrepreneurship and Local Policy, Tinbergen Institute, Amsterdam, May 2000. Financial support for this research is provided by the Federal Emergency Management Agency and by the Berkeley Program on Housing and Urban Policy, University of California, Berkeley.     

The dismantling of public housing in the USA

The market reigns supreme in the housing system of the United States. Its prominence has led to the efficient provision of housing of ever-rising standards for most Americans. At the same time, the poor continue to live in appalling conditions. The majority of them have to secure their housing without public support. In spite of the long history of government intervention in the housing system, the effect of that support has been marginal at best. Although the large cities contain substantial numbers of assisted housing, the public housing program has failed to provide the poor with the “decent housing and the suitable living environment” promised to every American family in the 1949 Housing Act. Even the direct support of households through housing vouchers and certificates has not broken up the concentrations of poverty. Many households remain trapped in substandard housing in crime-infested urban areas. The articles in this issue evaluate the (possible) outcomes of the latest round of reforms of the American public housing program, which are geared to more private-sector involvement. Jan van Weesep is Professor of Urban Geography and Urban Policy at Utrecht University (The Netherlands). His publications cover a range of housing and urban issues in various countries. He has studied and worked in the United States. Hugo Priemus holds the chair in housing at Delft University of Technology and he is managing director of OTB Institute for Housing, Urban and Mobility Studies.