锰系无磁铸铁的工艺及性能控制

锰系无磁铸铁是在普通铸铁的基础上添加锰及铝、铜合金元素制成的 1种磁导率的新型电工合金材料。由于锰的加入 ,改变了铸铁的结晶条件和性能 ,使锰系无磁铸铁在工艺控制和性能方面与普通灰铸铁相比发生了较大的变化。分析和总结了锰系无磁铸铁的工艺及性能控制特点 ,为稳定锰系无磁铸铁的生产提供了一定依据。     

碳硅含量对锰系白口铸铁性能的影响

探讨碳硅含量对锰系白口铸铁组织与性能的影响，以扩大锰系白口铸铁的应用范围。     

提高低铬铸铁强韧性和抗磨性研究的进展

提高低铬铸铁强韧性和抗磨性研究的进展冶金部北京冶金设备研究院（１０００２９）符寒光１引言抗磨合金白日铸铁的研究，近年来受到国内外的普遍重视，发展甚快，应用广泛。由最初的冷硬白口铸铁、低合金白口铸铁发展到目前常用的镍硬铸铁、钨系白口铸铁、锰系白口铸铁和...     

氮系孕育剂

采用国产炼钢用的氮化铬与氮化锰与硅钙、硅锰复合,讨论了氮系孕育剂对提高铸铁性能的作用,并在生产条件下进行了验证。     

Mn、Cr元素及等温淬火温度对合金白口铸铁力学性能的影响

研究了锰、铬元素对白口铸铁力学性能的影响以及等温淬火温度对力学性能和抗磨性能的影响，并与铸态合金白口铸铁、高铬铸铁及高锰钢的抗磨性进行比较。结果表明，选取适量的碳、硅元素，并加入适量的锰和少量铬以及微量的铋有利于铸态全白口，等温淬火后得到无碳化物贝氏体加奥氏体复相基体组织。于325℃等温淬火2h可获得硬度和韧性均较高的奥氏体和贝氏体组织，且耐磨性能良好，是一种有希望的廉价耐磨新材料。     

3C-15Cr-0.75Si系高铬铸铁锰合金化规律的热力学分析

基于Thermo-Calc软件的热力学平衡相计算,研究了高铬铸铁中锰的合金化规律及其对组织的影响.结果表明,锰虽然对高铬铸铁中的各相数量影响不大,但一定数量的锰存在促使合金元素在奥氏体和碳化物两相中的重新分配,并降低平衡相的转变温度;在平衡条件下3C-15Cr-4Mn-0.75Si系高铬铸铁中莱氏体数量约占87%,而非平衡条件下M7C3型碳化物数量在23%～32%之间,且奥氏体中锰铬互替现象保证了奥氏体的稳定性和加锰高铬铸铁的淬透性.Thermo-Calc软件计算预测结果与现有试验数据基本相符.     

铬、钼对锰硼白口铸铁组织及性能的影响

通过试验研究了铬、钼合金元素对锰硼白口铸铁组织及性能的影响。试验结果表明：在锰硼白口铸铁中加入适量的铬和钼，不仅可以提高其淬透性和硬度，而且能改善其冲击韧度，同时也使其耐磨性比普通锰硼白口铸铁提高50%。     

锰系白口铸铁的变质处理

讨论了＾＃ＲＥＳｉＦｅ、ＲＥ－Ｃａ、ＲＥ－Ｍｇ和Ａ１变质对锰系白口铸铁性能的影响。结果表明，加入适量Ａ１显著改善了基抗多冲碎裂性能。     

等温淬火Mn-Cr白口铸铁的研制

阐述了等温淬火白口铸铁中主要元素的作用及选择原则。研究了锰、铬元素对力学性能的影响以及等温淬火温度对力学性能和抗磨性能的影响，并与铸态合金白口铸铁、高铬铸铁及高锰钢的抗磨性进行比较。结果表明，选取适量的碳、硅元素，并加入适量的锰和少量铬以及微量的铋有利于铸态下获得全白口，等温淬火后得到无碳化物贝氏体加奥氏体复相基体组织。在优选化学成分的基础上，于325℃等温淬火2h可获得硬度和韧性均较高的奥氏体和贝氏体组织，且耐磨性能良好，是一种有希望的廉价耐磨新材料。     

铬系白口铸铁的研究进展

综述了铬系白口铸铁耐磨材料的国内外研究方向和研究现状，对低铬铸铁、中铬铸铁和高铬铸铁三类铬系白口铸铁的碳化物类型、制备工艺、性能特点、适用范围和现阶段开发程度进行了分析，综合评价了各类铬系白口铸铁的优缺点并探讨了其研究和应用未来的发展趋势。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.     

Theoretical Analysis for the Motion and Temperature of Melt Droplets in Spray Degassing Process

The motion of melt droplets in spray degassing process was analyzed theoretically. The height of the treatment tank in spray degassing process could be determined by the results of theoretical calculation of motion of melt droplets. To know whether the melt droplets would solidify during spraying process, the balance temperature of melt droplets was also theoretically analyzed. Then proof experiments for theoretical results about temperature of melt droplets were carried. In comparison, the experimental results were nearly similar to the calculation results.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.