入侵目标视觉检测与识别的研究进展

入侵目标视觉检测与识别是无人机感知与规避技术领域中重点研究的课题,关键任务是无人机在飞行过程中通过机载传感器获取光学机载图像中并判断是否存在入侵目标,并对入侵目标进行检测识别和定位。入侵目标视觉检测与识别是将无人机安全集成到国家空域并保证无人机和有人机飞行安全的关键技术之一。本文主要围绕无人机感知与规避技术中的入侵目标视觉检测与识别技术方面,分析检测与识别入侵目标所面临的一些难点问题,综述当前入侵目标视觉检测与识别的主要处理方法,并指出了该领域存在的尚未解决的问题和展望未来的发展趋势。     

基于主元分析法与支持向量机的人脸表情识别算法

人脸表情识别技术涉及情感计算、图像处理、机器视觉模式识别、生物特征识别等研究领域,是一个极富挑战性的交叉课题。该文介绍一种基于主元分析法(PCA)进行表情图像数据降维,利用支持向量机(SVM)进行分类的人脸表情识别技术。     

基于视觉的移动机器人可通行区域识别研究综述

实现实时准确的可通行区域识别,是户外环境下移动机器人导航的重要组成部分。对基于视觉的移动机器人可通行区域识别研究进行了综述,首先介绍了移动机器人视觉导航常用的视觉系统,并从障碍物检测、地形分类两个方面介绍了该问题研究的进展,最后对该领域的技术发展趋势进行了探讨。     

面向复杂场景的人物视觉理解技术

面向复杂场景的人物视觉理解技术能够提升社会智能化协作效率,加速社会治理智能化进程,并在服务人类社会的经济活动、建设智慧城市等方面展现出巨大活力,具有重大的社会效益和经济价值。人物视觉理解技术主要包括实时人物识别、个体行为分析与群体交互理解、人机协同学习、表情与语音情感识别和知识引导下视觉理解等,当环境处于复杂场景中,特别是考虑“人物—行为—场景”整体关联的视觉表达与理解,相关问题的研究更具有挑战性。其中,大规模复杂场景实时人物识别主要集中在人脸检测、人物特征理解以及场景分析等,是复杂场景下人物视觉理解技术的重要研究基础;个体行为分析与群体交互理解主要集中在视频行人重识别、视频动作识别、视频问答和视频对话等,是视觉理解的关键行为组成部分;同时,在个体行为分析和群体交互理解中,形成综合利用知识与先验的机器学习模式,包含视觉问答对话、视觉语言导航两个重点研究方向;情感的识别与合成主要集中在人脸表情识别、语音情感识别与合成以及知识引导下视觉分析等方面,是情感交互的核心技术。本文围绕上述核心关键技术,阐述复杂场景下人物视觉理解领域的研究热点与应用场景,总结国内外相关成果与进展,展望该领域的前沿技术与发展趋势。     

语音欺骗检测方法的研究现状及展望

语音欺骗是指通过录音、语音合成（Text-to-speech, TTS）、语音转换（Voice conversion, VC）等手段,将一段非法的、未经过自动说话人验证（Automatic speaker verification, ASV）系统认证的声音进行“修改仿冒”,以达到通过ASV系统检测的目的。随着人工智能和语音欺骗技术的发展,ASV系统在安全性方面遇到了严峻的挑战。检测输入ASV系统的语音的真实性,防止欺骗语音通过ASV的验证以提高ASV系统的安全性,是近年来语音领域研究的一个热点问题。国内外学者的最新研究从声学特征选取、识别模型选择等角度出发,探索了不同的语音欺骗方法对ASV系统的影响,并深入研究了相应的语音欺骗检测技术,在一定程度上提高了ASV系统的防欺骗性能。本文介绍了语音欺骗的基本方法,给出了语音欺骗检测的框架和典型声学特征,分两大类别总结了语音欺骗检测的主要方法和最新进展,梳理了目前语音欺骗检测中仍然存在的若干技术问题,并对语音欺骗检测技术的发展方向进行了展望。     

基于计算机视觉的人运动捕获综述

人体运动的捕获是计算机视觉领域的热点之一，它是指从大范围上从图像序列中提取并描述人体轮廓的运动，然后对其进行跟踪识别。介绍了运动捕获的潜在应用，从初始化、检测、跟踪、姿态评估、识别5个方面分析了有关运动捕获的分类及研究现状，最后简要探讨了该领域面临的难点问题及发展趋势。     

基于HMM的无主包裹识别

随着行为理解研究的深入,无主包裹的监测分析受到计算机视觉领域研究者的广泛关注.其核心是利用计算机视觉技术从图像序列中检测、跟踪、识别目标并对其行为进行理解与描述.文中结合智能视频监控的应用需求,为了实现无主包裹识别的智能化,将隐马尔科夫模型方法运用在无主包裹识别中,给出了一个基于HMM的无主包裹识别方案,并进行了图像预处理,对HMM参数训练和识别及其识别性能进行了研究,同时对未来的发展趋势作了总结与阐述.     

人运动的视觉分析综述

目前，人运动的视觉分析是计算机视觉领域中最活跃的研究主题之一，其核心是利用计算机视觉技术从图像序列中检测，跟踪，识别人并对其行为进行理解与描述，它在虚拟现实，视觉监控，感知接口等领域均有着广泛的应用前景，人运动的视觉分析系统一般遵从下述的处理过程：（1）运动检测，（2）运动目标分类，（3）人的跟踪，（4）行为理解与描述，该文将重点从此四个方面回顾人运动分析的发展水平和常用的处理方法，并对研究难点及未来的发展趋势作了较为详细的分析。     

计算机视觉下的果实目标检测算法综述

基于计算机视觉的果实目标检测识别是目标检测、计算机视觉、农业机器人等多学科的重要交叉研究课题,在智慧农业、农业现代化、自动采摘机器人等领域,具有重要的理论研究意义和实际应用价值。随着深度学习在图像处理领域中广泛应用并取得良好效果,计算机视觉技术结合深度学习方法的果实目标检测识别算法逐渐成为主流。本文介绍基于计算机视觉的果实目标检测识别的任务、难点和发展现状,以及2类基于深度学习方法的果实目标检测识别算法,最后介绍用于算法模型训练学习的公开数据集与评价模型性能的评价指标,且对当前果实目标检测识别存在的问题和未来可能的发展方向进行讨论。     

路面车辆的视觉检测方法

智能车辆是近年来的研究热点,基于视觉的车辆检测与识别技术是智能车辆技术研究的一个重要组成部分。介绍国内外路面车辆检测技术的研究方法和发展现状。根据检测的不同方法,以视觉传感器为主,从特征和运动的角度论述目标检测的方法;从模板、外观和分类的角度论述目标识别的方法。介绍立体视觉和多传感器融合的技术。对智能车辆障碍物检测和识别技术的发展进行了展望。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.