液压加煤空气射流锻造加热炉

液压加煤空气射流锻造加热炉(图1)实际上是空气射流无烟锻造加热炉的炉体配用上海消防器材厂的“液压自动推煤阶梯炉排”。这两部分都经过了多年的生产验证,效果很好。该新炉型的突出优点在于炉型主体结构更适合于热交换过程的进行。它是从苏式煤炉演变而来的。从改善热交换性能着手,设计了曲线型炉顶,缩小了炉膛空间,改进了排烟系统,以强化炉气再循环,提高炉膛的保温性能。过去由于空炉待锻等原因,全年综合煤铁比为0.8左右。自“空气射流无烟锻造加热炉”定     

安钢高线加热炉方案设计

通过安钢高线加热炉的设计实例 ,探讨了加热炉设计中的一些技术问题 ,如炉型选择 ,炉子主要尺寸的确定 ,炉型曲线 ,节能措施及钢坯加热最佳化控制。     

邯钢中板厂2^#加热炉节能技术改造

针对邯钢中板厂２Ａ＃加热炉存在着炉型落后,炉尾冒火严重、钢坯加热质量差等问题,对其进行了改造。通过采用先进的炉型结构及ＷＤＨ型煤气－焦油两用烧嘴等措施,使吨钢能耗下降２０％,氧化烧损减少０．６％。     

连铸坯在加热炉内的温度场数值模拟

采用MSC.Marc有限元模拟软件对加热钢坯进行埋偶试验,得出加热炉内部的实际炉气温度,并以此为边界条件。以钢坯入加热炉时的温度为初始条件,建立钢坯在加热炉内的三维温度场模型;计算钢坯在步进式加热炉内的温度场变化情况,得出不同热装温度的钢坯在加热炉内的温度变化;优化实际生产中的加热工艺。该研究为提高工厂生产效率,节约能源起到指导作用。     

小型燃油锻造加热炉的改进

在设计小型燃油锻造加热炉时,如何使燃烧火焰在炉膛内走的路程较长,燃料和空气混合得更好,化学反应得更充分,是一个很重要的问题,而一般燃油锻造加热炉的炉型多为直火焰型的,其结构示意图如图1。这种炉型的缺点是:火焰在炉     

车轴件热处理与加热炉设计要求

概述了铁道机车车辆用车轴的要求和热处理工艺方法,对现行使用车轴热处理加热炉进行了对比分析,对使用较多的传送链式连续炉生产线从炉型、加热元件、传送装置自动控制和冷却室结构等进行分析,并提出了满足使用要求的设计要点和改进思路。     

轧钢加热炉的节能改造

轧钢加热炉的燃料消耗,一般约占轧钢工序能耗的70%,故研究和发展低能耗加热炉已受到广泛的重视,上钢一厂650车间加热炉经过几年的努力于82年达到了冶金部规定的特等炉水平,83年二季度结合车间大修改造,在马鞍山钢铁设计院的帮助下,对加热炉又进行了一次较全面的节能改造,投产以来,实践证明效果显著,热效率达到71%。一、技术措施1·1 选择合理的炉型结构改进后的炉型为三段四点供热端出料连续式加热炉(图1)。内宽3.6米,有效长33.698米,比原炉增长1.1米,有利于延长预热时间,并降低炉尾温度,减少排烟损失,提高热效率,均热段炉顶砌低109mm,喉部砌低为763mm,以控制炉压,增强高温段的     

半煤气锻造加热炉

在不具备使用煤气燃料条件的单位,半煤气加热炉由于具有省煤、温度高加热速度快、减少城市污染、减轻体力劳动强度、体积小、造价低、操作安全等特点,优于燃煤加热炉,是一种值得推广的先进炉型。我厂“三结合”建炉小组赴沈阳学习之后于一九七七年六月初建成了这种加热炉并已投入生产。一、半煤气加热炉的结构及经济效果我厂建成的半煤气加热炉如图1、2所示,主要由煤气发生罐和加热室两部分构成。煤气发生罐30的中上部对着加热室12方向留有两个     

加热炉炉门焊接工艺改进

主要阐述了通过对加热炉炉门检修焊接工艺的改进,尤其是采用断续焊代替环闭焊,开设炉壁板伸缩缝,保证了加热炉炉门长时间工作的密封保温性能,提高了炉门的使用寿命,降本增效显著.     

改造加热炉降低煤耗

我车间加热炉以粉煤为燃料,长期以来煤耗高。1989年7月进行了一次较大的技术改造,使煤耗由214kg/t降至147kg/t,节能效果显著,创造了较好的经济效益。 1.技术改造的主要内容 1.1炉型曲线的改进我车间加热炉加热段炉顶中心至炉筋管滑道面的高度(炉膛高度)为1405mm,炉膛空间偏大,热能分散,炉型曲线不合理。因此将加热段炉顶降低205mm,炉膛高度为1200mm。     

烧嘴对蓄热式铝熔炼炉熔炼过程的影晌

结合蓄热式铝熔炼炉熔炼过程的特点,运用FLUENTUDF和FLUENTScheme混合编程,耦合用户自定义熔化模型和燃烧器换向及燃烧量变化模型,实现了蓄热式铝熔炼炉熔炼过程的数值模拟。依据优化原则,获得了熔炼时间随影响因子的变化规律：熔炼时间随着旋流数、燃烧器倾角、空气预热温度或天然气流量的增加而缩短;熔炼时间随着燃烧器间水平夹角或空燃比的延长,先减小而后增加：熔炼时间随着燃烧器高度的增加而延长。     

Aluminum casting furnace modeling

Casting furnaces play a central role in aluminum production and are the site of numerous interacting phenomena that take place in the combustion chamber and within the metal. For the analysis and design of the furnace, a mathematical model is useful. While the development of such a model can be a time-consuming process, improved furnace performance may ultimately result.     

Blast furnace operation at high blast temperatures

The problems of operating blast furnaces at temperatures in the 1900°–2100°F range—handling air at these temperatures, maintaining such temperatures with gas of low and varying energy content, and controlling the furnace for efficiency and quality—are discussed. The steps taken to overcome these problems at the Fairless Works of U.S. Steel Corp. are described. The effect of increasing the casting schedule, lengthening the tap hole, and improving the consistency of the hearth heat level are reported. The methods developed for utilizing top gas analysis for better furnace control are discussed.     

感应加热炉在英钢公司的应用

介绍了英国钢铁公司科比厂在焊接钢管减径前，采用一台由微处理器控制的10MW感应加热炉进行温度补偿。该加热炉与传统使用燃油、燃气或焦炭的加热炉相比，具有占地小，操作灵活等优点。该技术可用于棒材连铸方坯热送热装工艺中。     

Development of high performance gas carburising furnace

Abstract

We developed a high performance gas carburising furnace (N-BBH) to overcome the inherent disadvantages of gas carburising furnaces. More than 90% reduction in CO₂ emission was achieved using a small amount of carrier gas in the air tight heating chamber and by precise control of the atmosphere during carburising. No conditioning time was required because the air does not enter either the heating chamber or the pre-chamber when opening the furnace. Carburising speed was higher than that of low pressure carburising because of a high carbon transfer coefficient (β) and high carbon potential (CP). Decreasing the oxidation components, such as CO₂, O₂ and H₂O, and using nitrogen gas or atmospheric gas with high CP, reduced intergranular oxidation 50% or more compared with conventional gas carburising.     

Lead smelting in a submerged arc furnace

Lead is still principally produced in shaft and flame-fired furnaces. However, electric furnaces increase metal recovery, reduce environmental burdens and decrease energy consumption compared to conventional processes. Because lead has low melting and boiling points and aggressive slags, the design of the furnace, energy input, and slag conductivity and composition are very important. Secondary materials are easily handled in electric furnaces. Since additional amounts of lead will become available from secondary sources in the future, electric furnaces are expected to replace conventional smelting furnaces.     

工艺气体消耗近于零的气体渗碳法

热处理炉,尤其是渗碳及淬火炉,都是连续不断地向炉内通入工艺气体。尽管工艺气体的消耗相当可观,也是热处理成本的一部分,但到目前为止,所通入的工艺气体都是通过废气口烧掉了。本文所述的技术是将工艺气体催化再生后,再送回热处理炉中,渗碳淬火炉的工艺气体消耗量可节省高达90％。本文重点介绍了新的再生技术的概念、实施以及工业应用的效果。     

Ladle slag-refining of electric furnace steel

Striving to increase steel output per furnace as well as to improve steel quality, one of the leaders of French electric-furnace steelmaking—Ugine— has perfected a ladle slag treatment for rapid desulfurization and deoxidation. The result: tap-to-tap time reduced by more than 50 pct, and output per furnace increased by more than 200 pct. René Perrin, who developed this technique, also points to the possibility of applying slag treating practice to increase output of other steelmaking furnaces as well as the blast furnace     

大型铝铸造车间采用圆形炉的原因

介绍铸造车间用的熔铝设备的两种炉型——圆形炉和矩形炉,着重分析了两种熔铝炉装料过程的难易程度,论证了圆形炉生产效率高、能源消耗低,是大型铸造车间的标准配置。     

Developing composite furnace module cooling systems

The composite furnace module cooling system is designed to provide an essentially uniform hot-face temperature that is low enough to promote the formation of a protective accretion layer for furnace containment. A minimal amount of copper is used to ensure that the installation of the modules will not significantly alter the process heat balance during normal operation. The modules have been successfully tested in both copper and nickel flash furnaces, and 11 demonstration modules are now in operation in WMC Resources’ Kalgoorlie nickel smelter. For more information, contact A.K. Kyllo, University of Melbourne, GK Williams CRC for Extractive Metallurgy, Swanston Street, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia; telephone 61-3-9344-4675; fax 61-3-9344-4952; e-mail a.kyllo@chemeng.unimelb.edu.au.