Preparation and Structure of Mg2-xRExNi （RE = La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Y） Ternary Alloys

A series of Mg2-xNdxNi (x =0.05, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3) alloys and Mg1.95RE0.05Ni (RE= La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Y)ternary alloys were prepared by ball milling of mixted powder of Mg, Ni, RE and sintering under the protection of argon. XRD analysis shows that Mg2-xNdxNi (x = 0.05, 0.1 ) and Mg1.95RE0.05Ni consist of single phase with the same crystal structure as Mg2Ni. While three-phase alloys including Mg2Ni, NdNi and NdMgNi4 were formed in Mg1.8Nd0.2Ni and Mg1.7Nd0.3Ni alloys respectively. The lattice constants of Mg2Ni in those ternary alloys were calculated. The decomposition of Mg2Ni occurs in the milling process of Mg2Ni and Mg1.95RE0.05Ni alloys respectively. For the latter, another earlier reaction occurs in milling process, which means that atoms of RE are separated from crystal structure of Mg2Ni and form relevant oxides by combination with oxygen existed in argon atmosphere.     

Amphiphilic poly(Ala)-b-poly(Sar) microspheres loaded with hydrophobic drug

Amphiphilic block polypeptides, (Ala)m(Sar)n, were synthesized. Transmission electron microscopy showed that three kinds of block polypeptides, (Ala)42(Sar)21, (Ala)34(Sar)22, and (Ala)34(Sar)27, formed spherical aggregates in water. Dynamic light scattering measurement revealed that the average diameters of (Ala)42(Sar)21 and (Ala)34(Sar)22 aggregates were in the range of 80-90 nm, whilst that of (Ala)34(Sar)27 was about 30 nm. The polypeptides in aqueous solution took a beta-sheet structure, while they took an alpha-helical conformation in trifluoroethanol. These polypeptide aggregates took up 8-anilinonaphthalene-1-sulfonate (ANS), and the capacity of the aggregates for ANS decreased in the order of (Ala)42(Sar)21 > (Ala)34(Sar)22 > (Ala)34(Sar)27. Sumithion, which is a commercial agricultural insecticide, was also taken up by the polypeptide aggregates. When increasing amounts of Sumithion were introduced, (Ala)42(Sar)21 aggregates kept their shape, but (Ala)34(Sar)27 aggregate increased in size. These different behaviors of the polypeptide aggregates were discussed in terms of different structure of aggregates.     

Guidelines for Canadian university counselling services.

Guidelines for Canadian university counseling services are provided. Topics discussed include: (1) the role of counseling in universities, (2) the place of counseling in the university organization, (3) counseling services provided to students, (4) counseling service personnel, (6) referral procedures, (7) physical facilities, (8) training relationships, and (9) public relations. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Apolipoprotein(a) concentrations in type 2 (non-insulin dependent) diabetic patients from Romania

Several studies suggested that lipoprotein (a)-Lp(a) is an independent atherogenic risk factor. Since non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) is characterized by an increased risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) as related to the general population, the main purpose of our study was to compare the plasma levels of apolipoprotein (a)-(apo) (a) in 30 NIDDM patients hospitalized in our department, and in 20 non-diabetic controls from Timi?oara. Apo (a) values were similar in the two groups (medians, 95% confidence intervals 57 (50-107) in NIDDM versus 58 (51-106) U/l in controls; p = 0.9097). We found weak correlations between apo (a) and hemoglobin A1 (HbA1) (r = 0.42). A significant association was noticed between apo (a) and apo B, both in NIDDM (r = 0.71) and in control subjects (r = 0.81) p < < 0.001. The diabetic patients were screened for microalbuminaria with the MICRAL-test and we compared apo (a) levels in those having albumin excretion values above and under the cut-off point (20 mg/l). Apo (a) concentrations were similar in both samples. We found no association between apo (a) and plasma lipid values. NIDDM patients on fair glycemic control have similar apo (a) concentrations to non-diabetic subjects and they do not seem to be influenced by diabetes duration, HbA1, microalbuminuria and plasma lipid values Apo (a) and apo B are significantly correlated, both in diabetic and non-diabetic subjects.     

Automaticity and voluntary control of phase correction following event onset shifts in sensorimotor synchronization.

Seven experiments show that an event onset shift (EOS) in an auditory sequence causes an involuntary phase correction response (PCR) in synchronized finger tapping. This PCR is (a) equally large in inphase and antiphase tapping; (b) reduced but still present when the EOS occurs in either of two interleaved (target- distractor) sequences; (c) unaffected by increased pitch separation between these sequences; (d) asymptotic in magnitude as EOS magnitude increases, unlike the intentional PCR to expected phase shifts; and (e) enhanced when the EOS precedes the onset of tapping, because of phase resetting. Thus, phase correction is revealed to be partially automatic and partially under voluntary control, and to be based mainly on temporal information derived from simple onset detection. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Variation in lipoprotein(a) concentrations among individuals with the same apolipoprotein (a) isoform is determined by the rate of lipoprotein(a) production

Lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] is an atherogenic lipoprotein which is similar in structure to, but metabolically distinct from, LDL. Factors regulating plasma concentrations of Lp(a) are poorly understood. Apo(a), the protein that distinguishes Lp(a) from LDL, is highly polymorphic, and apo(a) size is inversely correlated with plasma Lp(a) level. Even within the same apo(a) isoform class, however, plasma Lp(a) concentrations vary widely. A series of in vivo kinetic studies were performed using purified radiolabeled Lp(a) in individuals with the same apo(a) isoform but different Lp(a) levels. In a group of seven subjects with a single S4-apo(a) isoform and Lp(a) levels ranging from 1 to 13.2 mg/dl, the fractional catabolic rate (FCR) of 131I-labeled S2-Lp(a) (mean 0.328 day-1) was not correlated with the plasma Lp(a) level (r = -0.346, P = 0.45). In two S4-apo(a) subjects with a 10-fold difference in Lp(a) level, the FCR's of 125I-labeled S4-Lp(a) were very similar in both subjects and not substantially different from the FCRs of 131I-S2-Lp(a) in the same subjects. In four subjects with a single S2-apo(a) isoform and Lp(a) levels ranging from 9.4 to 91 mg/dl, Lp(a) concentration was highly correlated with Lp(a) production rate (r = 0.993, P = 0.007), but poorly correlated with Lp(a) FCR (mean 0.304 day-1). Analysis of Lp(a) kinetic parameters in all 11 subjects revealed no significant correlation of Lp(a) level with Lp(a) FCR (r = -0.53, P = 0.09) and a strong correlation with Lp(a) production rate (r = 0.99, P < 0.0001). We conclude that the substantial variation in Lp(a) levels among individuals with the same apo(a) phenotype is caused primarily by differences in Lp(a) production rate.     

Factors of Psychopathology in Interview, Ward Behavior, and Self-Report Ratings of Hospitalized Depressives.

Separate factor analyses were performed on the interview, ward behavior, and self-report ratings of 124 depressed patients from 10 hospitals. The major categories of psychopathology discernable from these analyses were: (a) interest and involvement in activities, (b) hostility, (c) feelings of guilt and worthlessness, (d) anxiety-tension, (e) sleep disturbance, (f) somatic complaints, (g) retardation in speech and behavior, (h) conceptual disorganization, and (i) depressive mood. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Inhibitory effects of nitric oxide donors on nitric oxide synthesis in rat gastric myenteric plexus

We investigated whether nitric oxide (NO) exerts an inhibition on its own synthesis in the gastric myenteric plexus in rats. Nonadrenergic, noncholinergic relaxations in response to transmural electrical stimulation (TS) were markedly antagonized by NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester, (10(-4) M) and abolished by tetrodotoxin (10(-6) M). Pretreatment with various NO donors (3-morpholino-sydnonymide [SIN-1 (3 x 10(-7) to 3 x 10(-6) M)], S-nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine (10(-6) to 10(-5) M), sodium nitroprusside (10(-8) to 3 x 10(-8) M) and 8-bromoquanosine 3', 5'-cyclic monophosphate [8-bromo-cGMP (10(-6) to 3 x 10(-6) M)]) significantly inhibited TS-evoked nonadrenergic, noncholinergic relaxations in a dose-dependent manner. In contrast, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (10(-8) M)-induced relaxations were not affected by SIN-1 or 8-bromo-cGMP. TS evoked a significant increase in 3H-citrulline formation, which was completely abolished by calcium-free medium, NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester, (10(-4) M) and tetrodotoxin (10(-6) M). 3H-citrulline formation evoked by TS was significantly inhibited by SIN-1 (10(-7) to 10(-5) M) and 8-bromo-cGMP (10(-7) to 10(-5) M) in a dose-dependent manner. The inhibitory effect of SIN-1 was partially prevented by 1H-[1,2, 4]oxadiazolo[3,4-a]quinoxalin-1-one (10(-5) M), a guanylate cyclase inhibitor. We conclude that NO synthesis in the gastric myenteric plexus is negatively regulated by NO and cGMP. This suggests an autoregulatory feedback mechanism of NO synthesis in the gastric myenteric plexus.     

Metacognitive awareness and prevention of relapse in depression: Empirical evidence.

Metacognitive awareness is a cognitive set in which negative thoughts/feelings are experienced as mental events, rather than as the self. The authors hypothesized that (1) reduced metacognitive awareness would be associated with vulnerability to depression and (2) cognitive therapy (CT) and mindfulness-based CT (MBCT) would reduce depressive relapse by increasing metacognitive awareness. They found (1) accessibility of metacognitive sets to depressive cues was less in a vulnerable group (residually depressed patients) than in nondepressed controls; (2) accessibility of metacognitive sets predicted relapse in residually depressed patients; (3) where CT reduced relapse in residually depressed patients, it increased accessibility of metacognitive sets; and (4) where MBCT reduced relapse in recovered depressed patients, it increased accessibility of metacognitive sets. CT and MBCT may reduce relapse by changing relationships to negative thoughts rather than by changing belief in thought content. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Are impulsive adolescents differentially influenced by the good and bad of neighborhood and family?

Using the differential susceptibility perspective (Belsky & Pluess, 2009) as a guiding frame-work, age 12 neighborhood disadvantage (ND) and family characteristics (parental knowledge) were examined as moderators of the relations between age 12 youth impulsivity and the development (ages 13, 14, and 15) of positive (community activities) and negative (antisocial behavior; ASB) adolescent behavior. An interaction between ND and youth impulsivity (age 12) operated with differential susceptibility, but only for female community activities at age 13: under low levels of ND, impulsive adolescent females engaged in the highest levels of community activities, whereas under high ND, they engaged in the lowest levels. Exploratory analysis showed the association between community activities and ND to be partially related to parents' or adults' engagement in informal social controls (e.g., alerting the police with misbehavior in the neighborhood). Differential susceptibility effects were not identified for: (i) parental knowledge and impulsivity; (ii) ASB (ages 13, 14 or 15); or (iii) community involvement at ages 14 and 15. Findings provide limited evidence for impulsivity as a differential susceptibility phenotype. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2011 APA, all rights reserved)     

丙醇-硫氰化钾-氯化钠-水体系析相萃取分离铂

研究了铂在丙醇-硫氰化钾-氯化钠-水体系中的析相萃取行为及与一些金属离子分离的条件。结果表明,丙醇的水溶液在氯化钠的作用下可分成醇/水两相,在分相过程中,Pt(Ⅳ)与硫氰化钾生成的[Pt(SCN)₆]^2-可与质子化的丙醇 [PrOH₂]⁺形成离子缔合物[Pt(SCN)₆]^2-·2[PrOH₂]⁺而被丙醇相完全萃取。当溶液中丙醇、硫氰化钾和氯化钠分别为30%(V/V)、6.0×10^2- mol/L和0.16 g/mL时,Pt(Ⅳ)的萃取率达到98.2%以上,而试液中的Mo(Ⅵ)、Ce(Ⅲ)、Ni(Ⅱ)、V(Ⅴ)、Cr(Ⅲ)、Ag(Ⅰ)、Mn(Ⅱ)、Mg(Ⅱ)、Cd(Ⅱ)、Ga(Ⅲ)、Fe(Ⅱ)和Al(Ⅲ)几乎不被萃取,从而实现了Pt(Ⅳ)与这些金属离子的分离。方法应用于Ni-Pt/Al₂O₃催化剂中铂的分离萃取和测定,测得结果与参考值基本一致,相对标准偏差(RSD,n=5)为2.3%。     

含取代茚基配体稀土金属有机化合物的合成、表征及催化性能

采用Schlenk技术,在干燥纯氩气保护下,用无水三氯化稀土LnCl3与2-苯基茚以1∶2的摩尔比在THF中反应,得到8种新配合物:(2-ph-Ind)2LnCl(A)[Ln=La(1),Pr(2),Nd(3),Sm(4),Gd(5),Dy(6),Yb(7),Y(8)]。再用(A)和LiN(TMS)2在THF中反应,得到两种新的二(2-苯基茚)稀土有机配合物:(2-ph-Ind)2LnN(TMS)2(B)[Ln=Y(1),Sm(2)]。所有配合物都经元素分析、红外和质谱鉴定。配合物(B)在甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)的聚合反应中显示出一定的活性。     

Learning sobriety together: A randomized clinical trial examining behavioral couples therapy with alcoholic female patients.

Married or cohabiting female alcoholic patients (n = 138) and their non-substance-abusing male partners were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 equally intensive interventions: (a) behavioral couples therapy plus individual-based treatment (BCT; n = 46), (b) individual-based treatment only (IBT; n = 46), or (c) psychoeducational attention control treatment (PACT; n = 46). During treatment, participants in BCT showed significantly greater improvement in dyadic adjustment than those in IBT or PACT; drinking frequency was not significantly different among participants in the different conditions. During the 1-year posttreatment follow-up, compared with participants who received IBT or PACT, participants who received BCT reported (a) fewer days of drinking, (b) fewer drinking-related negative consequences, (c) higher dyadic adjustment, and (d) reduced partner violence. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Physiological functions and regulation of K+ and Cl- channels in single smooth muscle cells

Solution- and solid-state c.d. spectra, as well as surface energetics values, were collected for a series of peptides derived from human salivary proline-rich glycoprotein (PRG). The acronyms and sequences for these peptides are as follows: PRG9-2 = NH2-G(1)-P(2)-CONH2, PRG9-3 = NH2-G(1)-P(2)-P(3)-CONH2, PRG9-4 = NH2-G(1)-P(2)-P(3)-P(4)-CONH2, PRG9-5 = NH2-G(1)-P(2)-P(3)-P(4)-H(5)-CONH2, PRG9-6 = NH2-G(1)-P(2)-P(3)-P(4)-H(5)-P(6)-CONH2, PRG9-7 = NH2-G(1)-P(2)-P(3)-P(4)-H(5)-P(6)-G(7)-CONH2, PRG9-8 = NH2-G(1)-P(2)-P(3)-P(4)-H(5)-P(6)-G(7)-K(8)-CONH2, and PRG9-9 = NH2-G(1)-P(2)-P(3)-P(4)-H(5)-P(6)-G(7)-K(8)-P(9)-CONH2. The presence of stable poly-L-proline II-like 'mini' helices in the solution state was found to be dependent on peptide chain length, pH, salt, and organic solvent type. Other conformational features such as kinks and beta-/gamma-turns were also found in the larger peptides. Solid-state peptide conformations were not necessarily related to their solution-state counterparts. Poly-L-proline II-like 'mini' helices, kinks, and beta-/gamma-turns were similarly found in the various substrate-bound PRG9 peptides. Surface energetics parameters suggested specific orientations for PRG9 peptides and their constituent acids and homopolymers.     

Review of Learning and behavior: A contemporary synthesis.

Reviews the book, Learning and behavior: A contemporary synthesis by Mark E. Bouton (see record 2006-21409-000). The reviewer praises the author for creating a student-friendly textbook for an undergraduate course in animal learning that is both comprehensive and current. Bouton presents the major theoretical issues and findings in their historical context. Chapter topics include: (1) adaptation; (2) Pavlovian conditioning; (3) operant conditioning; (4) choice behavior; (5) theories of reinforcement; (6) motivation; (7) cognition; (8) spatial learning; (9) learned helplessness; and (10) superstitious behavior. Bouton comes full circle in the final section, "A cognitive analysis of instrumental action," by describing experimental evidence for the existence of various types of associations (i.e., S-S*, R-S*) that were introduced in the first chapter. The reviewer believes students and instructors alike will enjoy this very readable book. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Nonsuicidal self-injury in young adolescent girls: Moderators of the distress-function relationship.

This study examined nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) in a community sample of young adolescent girls. Potential moderators of the relationships between different types of distress (internal and interpersonal) and particular functions of NSSI (emotion-regulation and interpersonal) were explored. Participants included 94 girls (49% Hispanic; 25% African American) ages 10-14 years who completed questionnaires regarding self-injurious behavior and other constructs of interest. Fifty-six percent of girls (n = 53) reported engaging in NSSI during their lifetime, including 36% (n = 34) in the past year. Internal distress (depressive symptoms) was associated with engaging in NSSI for emotion-regulation functions, and rumination moderated the relationship between depressive symptoms and engaging in NSSI for automatic positive reinforcement. Interpersonal distress (peer victimization) was associated with engaging in NSSI for social reinforcement, and quality of peer communication moderated this relationship. The clinical implications of these findings include designing preventions that address the particular contexts of self-injurious behavior. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Can we confirm our theories? Can we measure causal effects?: Reply to Kazantzis et al (2001).

Correlations between psychotherapy homework (HW) and recovery from depression (DEP) could be explained by 4 models: (a) HW causes reductions in DEP; (b) reductions in DEP lead to HW compliance; (c) HW and DEP have circular causal effects on each other; and (d) HW and DEP are simultaneously influenced by a 3rd variable, such as motivation. In the D. D. Burns and D. Spangler (2000) (see record 2000-13544-005) study of HW and changes in DEP during the first 12 weeks of therapy using structural equation modeling (SEM), only the first model was consistent with the data. Still, one cannot conclude that a model is "true" or definitely confirm a causal effect, even with experimental designs. The authors recommend SEM for naturalistic and experimental designs. Quality of HW should be included in future research, as N. Kazantzis, K. R. Ronan, and F. Deane (2001) (see record 2001-05666-023) suggest. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Differential Effects of Nicotine and Complex Housing on Subsequent Experience-Dependent Structural Plasticity in the Nucleus Accumbens.

Drugs and other forms of experience (e.g., complex housing) share the ability to alter the dendritic fields of cortical and subcortical neurons. Although such modifications are typically considered advantageous, recent research has demonstrated that psychomotor stimulants (cocaine and amphetamine) block subsequent experience-dependent structural plasticity in the nucleus accumbens (NAcc) and parietal neocortex. The authors investigated whether these findings generalize to another commonly used stimulant (nicotine) and further asked whether prior experience blocks subsequent nicotine-related structural plasticity. Rats were given daily injections of nicotine (or saline) for 14 days either before (Experiment 1) or after (Experiment 2) 2.5-3.0 months of complex (or standard) housing. Nicotine blocked housing-related increases in dendritic branching, length, spine density, and total spines in NAcc; however, complex housing did not block the effects of nicotine. The findings indicate that there are important differences in the capacity of drugs and experience to influence subsequent modifications in dendritic structure. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Thermochemical Study on Coordination Complex of Neodymium Trichloroacetic Acid with 8-Hydroxyquinoline

Ｂｏｔｈｒａｒｅｅａｒｔｈｉｏｎｓ[1 ] ａｎｄ 8 ｈｙｄｒｏｘ ｙｑｕｉｎｏｌｉｎｅｐｏｓｓｅｓｓａｎｔｉｂａｃｔｅｒｉａｌｆｕｎｃｔｉｏｎ[2 ] ,ａｎｄｔｈｅｉｒｃｏｍｐｌｅｘｅｓｈａｖｅｍｏｒｅｐｏｗｅｒｆｕｌｄｉｓｉｎ ｆｅｃｔｉｏｎ .Ｔｈｅｂｉｎａｒｙｃｏｍｐｌｅｘｅｓｏｆｔｈｅｍｗｅｒｅｒｅ ｐｏｒｔｅｄａｓｅａｒｌｙａｓ 1 96 3.Ｍｅａｎｗｈｉｌｅ ,ｔｈｅｒｅ ｓｅａｒｃｈｏｎｔｈｅｔｅｒｎａｒｙｃｏｍｐｌｅｘｅｓｏｆｔｈｅｍｈａｓｂｅｃｏｍｅｖｅｒｙａｃｔｉｖｅｉｎｒｅｃｅｎｔｙｅａｒｓａｎ…     

Longitudinal analysis of physical activity and symptoms as predictors of change in functional limitations and disability in multiple sclerosis.

Objective: This longitudinal, observational study examined changes in physical activity and symptoms as correlates of changes in functional limitations and disability across a 6-month period among individuals with multiple sclerosis (MS). Method: Individuals with MS wore an accelerometer for a 7-day period and completed a battery of measures including the Godin Leisure-Time Exercise Questionnaire (Godin & Shephard, 1985), Symptom Inventory (Schwartz, Vollmer, & Lee, 1999), MS-Related Symptom Checklist (Gulick, 1989), and abbreviated Late-Life Function and Disability Inventory (McAuley, Konopack, Motl, Rosengren, & Morris, 2005) at baseline (n = 292) and 6-month follow-up (n = 276). The data were analyzed using panel analysis with latent variables in AMOS 16.0. Results: The standardized coefficients indicated that (a) change in physical activity was associated with residual change in function (β = .22), (b) change in symptoms was associated with residual changes in both function (β = –.29) and disability (γ = –.15), and (c) change in function was associated with residual change in disability (β = .20). Conclusion: Our findings indicate that change in physical activity is associated with change in disability through a pathway that is consistent with Nagi’s (1976) Disablement Model and its extension in individuals with MS. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)