Determination of plastic equation of state by indentation method on 304 stainless steel

An indentation method for determining the plastic mechanical equation of state (PES) was studied. The constant loading rate and constant loading rate/load indentation tests were carried out. The method for determining the work-hardening coefficient and the strain rate sensitivity coefficient of PES were discussed in detail. 304 stainless steel hot-treated at 1100℃ was used to verify the method. The work-hardening coefficient and strain rate sensitivity coefficient of 304 stainless steel were respectively determined as 0.30 and 0.015. These values are very close to those achieved by tensile tests. From the establishment of the PES of 304 stainless steel it is shown that the PES obtained by the indentation method is easier than that by the tensile test.     

弹塑性损伤材料的三维本构描述

本文从现象学观点出发,在定义损伤材料有效应力及有效塑性应变的基础上,根据不可逆热力学基本原理,得到了等效虚拟弹塑性热力学状态的有效广义摩擦系数。从Gibbs自由能体系出发,推导出了弹塑性损伤材料的三维本构方程。在这一过程中,损伤对塑性内变量的贡献,通过其二阶张量定义,并由等效的Burger位错矢量的井矢表征。从而考虑了弹塑性与损伤的交互作用影响。此外,本文从热力学耗散机制出发,通过引进一个有效的广义摩擦力函数,获得了以耗散势表示的损伤演化方程,并且容易得到显式。最后,本文对给出的损伤本构方程及损伤演化方程进行了讨论,得到一系列有益的结果。     

拉压性能不同材料全量型本构关系及其应用

将经典全量理论进行了推广，考察了应力状态及塑性体积变形对拉压性能不同材料塑性行为的影响。计算了环板的应力分布。结果表明。材料的拉压性能不同，对环板的环向应力影响较大，因此，不能将拉压性能不同的材料简化成体积不可压缩的理想材料。     

A study of indentation scaling relationships of elastic-perfectly plastic solids with an inclusion near the conical indenter tip

Indentation hardness is found to be related to indentation depth when indentation test is applied on homogeneous materials under small indentation depth, which shows strong size effect in the indentation. While in contrast, indentation hardness has a very limited relationship with indentation depth when it is large, showing distinct scaling relationships between hardness and material properties. Previous studies on scaling relationships under deep indentation condition of elastic-perfectly plastic homogeneous materials have been carried out systematically by finite element analysis. In this paper, a heterogeneous material, particlereinforced matrix composite is detailed studied to investigate its scaling relationships under deep indentation with different particle positions and material properties by finite element analysis.     

软组织力学进展

概述了软组织力学最近的发展,介绍了在体和离体皮肤的实验方法和实验装置,进一步说明了成形外科中皮肤扩张的力学和组织化学研究。另外对用凹痕法和本构方程导得的肺的增量弹性模量结果作了比较,最后讨论了对键和韧带结构和功能有影响的以下诸因素:冷冻储存、温度、年龄、功能适应和内环境稳定。     

Scaling relationships of elastic-perfectly plastic film/coating materials from small scale sharp indentation

The scaling relationships of elastic-perfectly plastic film/coating materials during sharp indentation have been obtained using dimensional analysis and finite-...     

Determination of Young''''s modulus by nanoindentation

Loadanddepthsensingindentationtechniqueisveryusefulinprobingthemechanicalpropertiesofmaterialsonsmallscales[1—5].Youngsmodulusisoneofthemostcommonlyconcernedmaterialpropertiesmeasuredbythiskindoftechnique.Conventionally,itisachievedonthebasisofthemethodproposedbyOliverandPharr[4]usingthewell-knownrelationship:whereSuistheinitialslopeofunloadingcurve,EristhereducedmodulusandrelatedwiththeYoungsmodulusEandPoissonsratioνoftheindentedmaterialandthose(Ei,ni)oftheindenterbytheequation1/Er=(1-n2…     

臭蜣螂鞘翅的一维本构方程及黏弹性模型的建立

采用纳米压痕技术通过单一压痕研究了臭蜣螂鞘翅的各向异性特性。对臭蜣螂鞘翅进行了黏弹性分析,得到了臭蜣螂鞘翅表皮材料的一维本构方程,并建立了臭蜣螂鞘翅表皮的黏弹性模型的微分方程。该模型可望用于设计具有优异力学性能的仿生复合材料或涂层。     

Nanoindentation analysis of TiN,TiAlN,and TiAlSiN coatings prepared by cathode ion plating

The TiN,TiAlN and TiAlSiN coatings were deposited on H13 hot-worked mold steel by cathodic arc ion plating(CAIP).The morphologies,phase compositions,and nanoindentation parameters,such as creep hardness,elastic modulus and plastic deformation energy of the coatings were analyzed with field emission scanning electron microscopy(FESEM),X-ray diffraction(XRD) and nanoindentation testing,respectively,and the test results were compared with equation describing the indentation model.The results show that the TiN,TiAlN and TiAlSiN coating surfaces were dense and composed of TiN,TiN + TiAlN,TiN + Si3N4 + TiAlN phases,respectively.There was no spalling or cracking on the indentation surface.The creep hardness of the TiN,TiAlN and TiAlSiN coatings was 7.33,13.5,and 15.2 GPa,respectively;the corresponding hardness measured by nanoindentation was 7.09,15.6,and 21.7 GPa,respectively;and the corresponding elastic modulus was 201.93,172.79,and 162.77 GPa,respectively.The contact depth and elastic modulus calculated by the indentation model were close to those of the test results,but the remaining indentation parameters showed discrepancies.The sequence of plastic deformation energy was TiN TiAlNTiAlSiN.     

Relationship between Ballistic Coefficient and Static Mechanical Properties for Armor Materials

The relationship between the ballistic coefficient and the static mechanical properties of armor materials was studied. The results show that the ballistic coefficient is determined by the strength, hardness and the toughness of materials. According tO the Martel rule, the equation of the relationship between ballistic coefficient and static mechanical properties satisfies the following formula: Ws = F(1+NKICP)HT. From the mixture law of composite, the prerequisite, for which ballistic coefficient has maximum to reinforcement volume fraction, is obtained by the following equation:     

炭塑复合材料线膨胀系数与残余应力的测定

介绍了以应变电测原理及技术对新型复合材料———炭塑复合材料进行线膨胀系数与残余应力的测定结果 ,得出了一些重要结论 ,其结果为炭塑复合材料的开发和推广应用提供了科学依据。     

从硬度凹坑形貌看金属材料的塑性及切削加工性

测定了10种硬度不同的典型金属材料的硬度后，用金相显微镜和JXA-840型电镜观察了测硬度时留下的凹坑及其剖面的形貌后发现，塑性及切削加工性不同的金属材料，其凹坑形貌也各有特点。将试验结果列表对比说明，可由铸件或试样的硬度及凹坑形貌预测材料的塑性及切削加工性．     

平均应力及塑性体积变形敏感材料全量型本构关系及其应用

对拉压性能相同的全量理论加以推广，使其成为能够反映具有塑性体积变形及平均应力敏感特点的拉压性能不同材料的本构模型，并用该本构模型进行了平面应变条件下厚壁圆筒的应力分析，由分析可凶，对于拉压性能不同材料，考虑到平均应力及塑性体积变形敏感时，是不能将其简化为拉压性能相同，体积不可压缩的理想材料的。     

压痕对不锈钢材料表面残余应力的影响

为研究自动球压痕过程残留压痕残余应力分布情况,以压力容器常用的奥氏体不锈钢板材S30408、S32168、 S31603 和 S30403为对象,通过常规拉伸试验获得材料的本构关系及自动球压痕试验获得压痕过程的载荷-位移曲线,采用有限元软件ABAQUS进行模拟。试验结果表明:压头卸载后,压痕凹坑底部材料承受的残余压应力达到最大,Mises应力状态下最大残余应力约为700 MPa左右,压痕残余应力影响范围在受压面上大约占球形压头半径的1.3%。同时,对材料施加一定大小的外载荷拉应力,研究残余应力和外载荷共同作用下压痕周围材料的应力分布状况,结果显示最大叠加应力出现在压痕材料堆积区域,但是应力影响区域很小,影响深度为所受影响平面半径的6%以内。     

Nano-Mechanical Behavior and Nano-Tribological Properties of 316 Stainless Steel

The microstructure and nano-tribological properties of 316 austenitic stainless steel have been investigated by using the in situ nano-mechanical testing system Tribolndenter, in which six different normal forces were chosen to make a scratch and indentation. The results show that the contact depth of the indentation increases with the normal force and material is piled up on the edge of the indentation as plastic distortion. The stable nano-hardness and the reduced modulus of 316 austenitic stainless steel are approximately 6 GPa and 160 GPa, respectively. The friction coefficients of 316 stainless steel with conic-type diamond tip have a typical value of about 0.13, 0.15, 0.17, 0.19, 0.22 and 0.25 when the normal forces are kept at 500 μN, 1000 μN, 1500 μN, 2000 μN, 2500 μN and 3000 μN, revealing an increasing trend with the normal forces. The increase of the friction coefficient in the unloading segment may result from the adhesion force caused by the material piled up.     

冰与海洋结构相互作用力的弹塑性分析:冰载荷的塑性极限分析

以Ｒａｌｓｔｏｎ提出的冰本构模型为基础,给出塑性应力场解的形式,对平压头接触问题给出应力场的构造,从而计算出 冰载荷的塑料性极限压力。     

湿燃气热力性质的计算方法

分析了HAT循环和STIG循环中的工质－湿燃气的组成 ;将湿燃气当做实际气体考虑,用两项维里方程的对比态形式建立了湿燃气的状态方程;利用状态方程和余函数修正法,对湿燃气的热力性质在理想气体的基础上进行了修正,使其热力性质较按理想气体计算时更加精确。该算法可以计算湿燃气在任意烃类燃料、任意注蒸汽比以及任意燃料系数条件下的热力性质。     

平面压痕开裂极限临界载荷与开裂角

平面压痕的开裂在材料机械性能的研究、破岩机理的研究中有着广泛的应用。当刚性压头作用在半 平面弹性体的表面时,会产生一个平面压痕,该压痕的两端将出现I 型奇异压应力场,该奇异应力场的应力集中达到一定程度时,即达到临界条件时,该奇异应力场所在的边界将开裂。压痕边界的开裂问题是一个新型的断裂力学问题,通过边界移动的能量释放率的分析定量地给出了平面压痕边界开裂能量释放率数学表征,给出了边界开裂的极限临界载荷和临界开裂角。     

Unsaturated Water Transport of Cement-based Materials

The slice-weighing method was used to investigate the unsaturated water transport of different cement pastes. The experimental results show that a sharp wetting front existed during water transport, the transport can be described by a non-linear diffusion equation, and transport coefficient of different materials exhibit various rules with water content of materials. The addition of fly-ash decreases transport coefficient of cement pastes in all the various water contents, even changes the transport mechanism.     

嵌岩端承桩竖向承载的扩孔理论分析

探讨了嵌岩桩嵌岩段的应力路径及工作机理,应用圆孔扩张理论,分析了嵌岩桩的承载机理.随着桩周挤压应力p的增大,围绕柱形孔的柱形区域将由弹性状态进入塑性状态,塑性区随p的增大而不断扩大,塑性区以外土体将保持弹性状态.利用弹塑性理论和体积平衡原理,推导了嵌岩桩嵌岩段的极限强度以及嵌岩段的极限竖向承载力的计算公式,并将扩孔理论分析结果与实测试验资料进行分析对比,研究表明,该方法可以成为解决嵌岩桩实际工程问题的个性化工具.