99Tcm-环丙沙星一步法药盒的制备及其动物体内的分布

采用国产盐酸环丙沙星原料药，研究确定了99Tcm-环丙沙星（ciprofloxacin ，CPF）的最佳标记条件，在此基础上制备环丙沙星冻干品药盒，并初步研究了99Tcm-CPF在炎症模型小鼠体内的分布。结果显示最佳标记条件为：盐酸环丙沙星的用量大于4 mg；SnCl2•2H2O的用量大于100μg；体系pH为3.0~3.5；反应时间约10 min。最佳标记条件下制备的99Tcm-CPF放化纯度>95%，室温放置6 h，其放化纯度无明显变化；药盒分别在0~8 ℃冷藏及－18 ℃冷冻保存3个月后再标记，标记物的放化纯度仍>95%；小鼠炎症模型实验结果显示，注射后4 h脓肿与肌肉放射性摄取比为4.30±0.31。     

99Tcm-葡糖二酸药盒的研制

以氯化亚锡为还原剂，制备无菌无热原的Glua冷冻干燥药盒。用于制备^99Tc^m-Glua；对标记药物进行了急性毒性实验和体外稳定性实验，并观察了标记物在肿瘤模型动物体内的分布。结果显示：^99Tc^m-Glua放化纯度＞95％，标记后室温h，放化纯度无明显变化，药盒在2－8℃冷藏16个月，放化纯度仍＞95％。急性毒性实验小鼠全部存活。肿瘤模型实验证实标记物在肿瘤组织中有较高的摄取，心、脑和脾中的摄取较少，并主要经泌尿系统代谢。     

乏氧显像剂99Tcm-N4AIPO药盒的研制

系统考察了反应时间、温度、pH、各种成分用量对99Tcm-N4AIPO标记率的影响.在最佳条件下,标记率为95%.同时,利用高效液相色谱法(HPLC)建立药盒中主药(1-氨基-3-(4-硝基咪唑)丙醛肟,N4AIPO)含量的测定方法.观察药盒在不同储藏环境下的稳定性,结果表明药盒在0～4℃冰箱中保存6月以内、室温条件下保存2月以内或于40℃水浴中存放10天以内,可保证放化纯度＞90%.说明药盒稳定可靠.另外,异常毒性实验结果表明药盒的毒性低.     

一种新的标记配合物~(99m)TcN-tetrofosmin的制备及其动物分布的初步研究

在成功制备 [99mTcN]2 + int 核中间体的基础上 ,通过配体交换反应制得放化纯度大于 95 %的99mTcN -tetrofosmin标记配合物。该配合物在制备后室温放置 6h、放化纯度基本不变 ;小鼠生物分布实验表明其在心肌有一定的摄取和较好的滞留 ,血、肺清除较快 ,有较高的心 /血和心 /肺比 ,心 /肝比值在注射后 2h可大于 1。     

特异性前哨淋巴结显像剂99Tcm-rituximab药盒的制备及生物评价

采用2-巯基乙醇修饰Rituximab（利妥昔单克隆抗体）,制得其冻干药盒。所制得的冻干药盒性质稳定,可在-20 ℃冷冻保存3个月以上。利用⁹⁹Tc^m-葡庚糖酸钠（GH）交换法,标记冻干药盒得到⁹⁹Tc^m-rituximab,标记率和放化纯度均大于90%。生物分布结果显示：SD大鼠经前脚掌皮下注射⁹⁹Tc^m-rituximab后,前哨淋巴结的摄取值在1~4 h内逐渐增加,在4 h时达到（2.14±0.46）%ID,前哨淋巴结与注射点的放射性摄取比在4 h时达到最大（14.80%±2.11%）,且在18 h时,这一比值基本保持不变。SPECT显像结果表明,在30 min~18 h内,大鼠的前哨淋巴结清晰可见,无次级淋巴结显影。本研究提供了一种特异性前哨淋巴结显像剂的药盒化制备方法,该方法操作简便,性能稳定,便于在临床推广应用。     

亲肿瘤显像剂~(99m)Tc(V)DMSA一步法药盒的制备及动物实验

研制了~(99m)Tc(V)DMSA一步法药盒,从而避免了利用商品肾显像剂DMSA药盒改制时的繁琐手续,使该制剂的制备过程简化、便于临床应用。pH值对药盒的标记率有较大影响。仅当药盒的pH值为8～8.5时,才有可能使~(99m)Tc(V)DMSA的放化纯度高于95％。~(99m)Tc(V)DMSA的放化纯度用纸色层法检测。还考察了标记产物的体外稳定性以及温度、湿度、光照等因素对冻干品药盒稳定性的影响。~(99m)Tc(V)DMSA在荷瘤S180小鼠体内分布     

~(99)Tc~m直接标记洛美沙星方法研究

采用Na99TcmO4对洛美沙星进行了直接标记,并对标记条件进行了优化,确定99Tcm标记洛美沙星的最佳条件,并测定了标记物的体外稳定性和脂水分配系数。结果表明,最佳标记条件为洛美沙星3 mg,SnCl2.2H2O 150μg,pH=6,温度为60℃,标记时间为10 min,所得标记物的标记率95%,放化纯度可达96.98%;标记物体外稳定性良好,可在0.01 mol/L pH7.4的PBS中室温放置6 h,其放化纯度仍95%;99Tcm-洛美沙星为脂溶性化合物。以上结果表明,99Tcm直接标记洛美沙星的方法操作简单,标记率较高。标记物不需分离纯化,体外稳定性好。     

一种新的标记配合物99mTcN-tetrofosmin的制备及其动物分布的初步研究

在成功制备[^99mTcN]int^2 核中间体的基础上，通过配体交换反应制得放化纯度大于95%的^99mTcN-tetrofosmin标记配合物。该配合物在制备后室温放置6h、放化纯度基本不变；小鼠生物分布实验表明其在心肌有一定的摄取和较好的滞留，血、肺清除较快，有较高的心/血和心/肺比，心/肝比值在注射后2h可大于1。     

脑功能显像剂99Tcm-Memantine的初步研究

用~(99)Tc~m标记N-[2-(N-(2-巯基乙基))氨基甲酰甲基]-N-(2-巯基乙基)-3,5-二甲基金刚烷胺基乙酰胺(N_2S_2-Memantine),生成了~(99)Tc~m(V)-Memantine。采用纸层析对此标记物进行质控并检测其体外稳定性。结果显示,湿法的标记率>90%,药盒化标记的标记物经乙酸乙酯萃取纯化后,放化纯度>95%,体外稳定性良好,有望成为一种新的脑功能显像剂。     

131I-肝癌单抗片段HAb18F(ab'')2注射液药盒的制备

选择Mather高效碘标法（NBS法）制备应用于肝癌治疗的^131I-肝癌单抗片段HAb18F(ab‘)2注射液药盒。确定并优化了冷药盒各组分的剂型、标记条件和纯化方法。制备出的药盒抗体标记物的放化纯度大于95％，整个标记过程可在10min内完成，10℃以下干燥处可保存两年以上，适于临床应用。     

Preparation of Zn/TiO2 powder and its photocatalytic performance for oxidation of P-nitrophenol

Zn-doped TiO2 catalysts were prepared using a sol-gel method and characterized by XPS,UV-Vis, BET, XRD in this study. Under the irradiation of simulant sunlight, the photocatalytic activity for the degradation of p-nitrophenol was studied too. After irradiation for 2.5 h, the degradation percentage of p-nitrophenol could rise to more than 80 %. The results showed that the spectrum absorption band edge of Zn/TiO2 powder does not broaden obviously comparing with pure TiO2 powder. Zinc exists as Zn （11）. When calcined at 973 K, there is a new phase as ZnTiO3 in Zn/TiO2 catalyst. The order of photocatalytic activity of Zn/TiO2 catalysts calcined at different temperatures for p-nitrophenol is 773 K 〉 673 K 〉 873 K 〉 573 K 〉 973 K and the photocatalytic activity of Zn/TiO2 catalyst calcined at 773 K is better than TiO2 catalysts heated at the same temperature, and outclasses that of commercial TiO2 catalyst. It also showed that the photocatalytic degradation of p-nitrophenol follows first-order kinetics under the irradiation of simulant sunlight.     

Current status of radiation therapy for prostate cancer

Radiotherapy for the treatment of prostate cancer has been extensively explored in the past. Along with the comprehensive understanding of the biology of prostate cancer and rapid advances in terms of technology, the out- come of treatment for the patients with prostate cancer has improved. The authors review radiotherapy as the primary treatment for the disease, with particular emphasis on the technological advances from both the radiobiological and radiophysics aspects. Nonconventional fractionated irradiation like hyper- or hypo-fractionation has been imple- mented in the clinic, the final results still need to be confirmed in the future. Technological advances like IMRT, IGRT, in the last two decades have significantly improved the delivery of external radiotherapy to the prostate. This has re- sulted in an overall increase in the total dose that can be safely delivered to the prostate, which has led to modest im- provements in the biochemical outcome. However, establishing the standard therapy for prostate cancer remains con- troversial. It is hoped that the next decades will bring continued advances in the development of biologicals that will further improve current clinical outcomes.     

The control system for SSRF injection and extraction

This paper introduces the injection and extraction control system design for SSRF,which is a distributed control system aimed at stability and reliability of the pulse power supplies,PPS(Personnel Protection System)and MPS(Machine Protection System).The hardware environment is mainly based on PLC(Programmable Logic Con- troller),and ARM(Advanced RISC Machine)is also applied for studying stability of the power supplies.WinCC and EPICS(Experimental Physics and Industrial Control System)have been selected as the platforms of SCADA(Super- visory Control and Data Acquisition).For unifying the interfacing to the control computer,all front-end equipments are connected via Industrial Ethemet.     

水平管内含空气蒸汽强制对流冷凝换热模型研究

为研究含空气蒸汽在水平管内强制对流冷凝换热特性,基于对传热传质过程的分析,建立了管内为环状流与波状流条件下的流动冷凝换热模型。从潜热、显热和液膜3个环节对整个换热过程进行建模,最终得到计算局部冷凝换热系数的理论关系式。模型预测结果与实验数据的对比表明,二者相对偏差在±20%以内,验证了该换热模型的准确性与适用性。通过进一步的研究发现：从换热管入口至出口,随着冷凝的进行,管内换热主要热阻由液膜热阻向气液界面的凝结热阻转变;主流气体对流换热过程基本可忽略。     

Investigations on landmine detection by BF3 detector

Experiments were carried out to investigate the possible use of neutron backscattering for the detection of polyethylene (PE) sample buried in the soil. In detection of landmine by neutrons, the neutron detector and its shield play an important role. In this paper, the effects of graphite, heavy water, polyethylene and boric acid moderators on the flux of back scattered neutrons were investigated. We have also experimentally verified the effect of BF3 detector shield and obtained good agreement with theory.     

Web Services interface of SSRF archive data analysis system

Accelerator database stores various static parameters and real-time data of accelerator. SSRF (Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility) adopts relational database to save the data. We developed a data retrieval system based on XML Web Services for accessing the archive data. It includes a bottom layer interface and an interface applicable for accelerator physics. Client samples exemplifying how to consume the interface are given. The users can browse, retrieve and plot data by the client samples. Also, we give a method to test its stability. The test result and performance are described.     

有效探测面积大于1000 cm2的正比计数器测量系统性能测试

为对自制的活性面积高达1 000 cm²的大面积源进行表面发射率定值,同时作为现有2πα、2πβ表面发射率标准装置能力的扩充,研制了一套内置式大面积2π多丝正比计数器测量系统,并利用活性区直径为8 mm的²⁴¹Am点源及活性区面积为10 cm×15 cm的大面积²⁴¹Am和⁹⁰Sr-⁹⁰Y源对其进行计量学性能测试。结果表明：计数器内计数响应均匀性优于±0.4%,有效探测面积达1 400 cm²;所得²⁴¹Am源高压坪曲线的坪长为1 400 V,坪斜为0.27%/100 V,坪区内计数变化为0.87%;⁹⁰Sr-⁹⁰Y源高压坪曲线的坪长为300 V,坪斜为0.75%/100 V,坪区内计数变化为0.80%;10次测量重复性好于0.4%,8 h内短期稳定性好于0.3%,1 a内长期稳定性好于0.8%。     

Assessment of radioactivity levels in some oil samples from the western desert, Egypt

Distributions of natural gamma-emitting radionuclides were determined in 93 oil samples collected from some petroleum fields in the western desert of Egypt. The radioisotope activities in the area under investigation lay in the range of (21 ± 4) to (38 ± 13) Bq?L-1 for 226Ra, (9 ± 2) to (15 ± 5) Bq?L-1 for 232Th, and (154 ± 28) to (303 ± 54) Bq?L-1 for 40K. The mean values were 27, 12, and 201 Bq?L-1, respectively. Among oils, variations in radionuclide ac- tivities could be on account of differences in TDS, HCO3, and Ba, with high or low pH. In this environment, oil prop- erties differently affected the mobilization of natural radionuclides. The range of 226Ra variation had been compared with available data from other countries. The calculated absorbed dose rate ranged from 22.33 to 32.66 nGy?h-1 in lo- cation (B) and (E) respectively, which was less than the accepted value.     

Preparation and properties of 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP in in-vitro and in small animals

In this work,TTHMP was synthesized and labelled with 117m Sn.The preparation conditions,stability and lipophilicity of 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP were investigated.Biodistribution of the complex in rabbits and mice was studied.It was found that the quantity of TTHMP and pH value of the prepararion solution had vital effects on the labeling yield of 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP.It was also found that 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP was hydrophilic and stable at room temperature and 37℃ in open air 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP showed unexpectedly high bone uptake and bone-to-blood ratio in the animals.This made it potentially useful as an reagent for skeletal scintigraphy and radiotherapy of bone tumors.     

Gamma radiation levels in the ambient environment of the QNPP Base

Monitoring results of gamma dose rate level in 1992～2004 in the ambient environment of the Qinshan Nuclear Power Plants(QNPP)Base,the northeast of Zhejiang Province,are reported in this paper.It is shown that the gamma dose rate of five monitoring sites of 2.5 km to QNPP Base is 84～113 nGy/h,with an average of 96 nGy/h in the 13 years.The average value is close to the background level of 93 nGy/h prior to operation of the QNPP Base,and is lower than the monitoring result of 101 nGy/h at the reference site in Hangzhou City.Within 50 km from the QNPP Base,the cumulative dose rate of the thermoluminescent dosimeter(TLD)is 90 nGy/h,which is lower than the back- ground level of 111 nGy/h.