提高汉中市建筑设防烈度的必要性探讨

通过对汉中市6度设防下建筑物遭受的震害进行分析,并对建筑6度和7度设防裂度抗震设计进行了比较,揭示了提高汉中市建筑物设防烈度的必要性,针对不同情况提出了相应的措施,以使建筑物达到抗震设防要求。     

提高福建省教育建筑抗震设防烈度的探讨

通过典型的教育建筑实例,分别计算出抗震设防烈度为6度、7度和8度,基本风压为0．7kN／m^2和0．35kN／m^2几种情况下结构的钢筋用量以及抗震构件和非抗震构件混凝土所占的比例,分析了地震作用和基本风压对此类建筑的影响程度,探讨基于现行结构设计规范,进一步提高教育建筑抗震设防烈度的必要性与可行性,并为此提出相应的设计建议和技术措施,供建筑结构设计人员参考和更深入研究。     

提高建筑抗震设防烈度对土建造价的影响

近年地震灾害频繁发生,建筑抗震引起了人们的高度重视,根据国务院有关《汶川地震灾后恢复重建条例》的要求,建设部落实并变更了灾区的设防烈度.以一框架—剪力墙结构为算例,研究并分析了不同抗震设防烈度对土建造价的影响,为人们了解建筑抗震设防与造价之间的关系提供理论参考.     

提高建筑抗震设防烈度 使房屋更结实

要保证房屋抗震性能,严格依据国家标准《建筑抗震设计规范》GB50011—2010进行设计是关键;要想房屋更结实,提高抗震设防烈度是关键。     

提高建筑抗震设防烈度对土建造价的影响

5·12汶川大地震后,建筑抗震又引起了人们的重视,根据建设部落实国务院<汶川地震灾后恢复重建条例>的要求,相应变更了灾区的设防烈度.以一框架一剪力墙结构为算例,研究抗震设防烈度的改变对土建造价的影响,分析了不同抗震设防烈度情况下土建造价的差异,为人们了解建筑抗震设防与造价之间的关系提供一个参考.     

抗震设防烈度的提高对高层建筑工程量的影响分析

选取一幢无锡地区颇具代表性的高层住宅为例,分别按照6度和7度抗震设防要求对其进行结构设计,然后利用鲁班软件定量地分析混凝土和钢筋两大主材的用量的变化情况,旨在分析地震设防烈度的提高对高层建筑工程量的影响,计算结果可为政府决策提供经济分析依据。     

论建筑抗震设防烈度对土建造价的影响

对影响建筑工程土建造价的因素进行了分析,论述了抗震等级和抗震设防烈度的内涵关系,通过实际建筑工程案例,阐述了抗震设防烈度对土建造价的影响,并提出了加强建筑抗震设防烈度的措施。     

抗震结构最优设防烈度的决策方法

提出了一种非常便于应用的与现行规范接轨的抗震结构设计优化方法方法,首先决策出该结构的最优设防烈度,然后按此烈度进行结构的最小造价设计或常规设计,在决策结构的最优设防烈度时,既考虑了结构的近期投资（造价）又考虑了它的长远效益（遇灾的损失期望）这是国际上早已提出了而长期未能解决的问题。     

提高设防烈度地区抗震设防管理工作探讨

国家标准《建筑抗震设计规范》GB50011-2001于2002年1月1日开始实施,一些地区的抗震 设防烈度有所提高,抗震设防管理工作面临新的课题,如何应对新的抗震形势,制定新的工作思路,本文就抗 震设防管理工作进行了一些探讨。     

浅析抗震计算与抗震措施对应的设防烈度

抗震设计是结构设计中的重要环节。抗震设计包括抗震计算和抗震措施,其中抗震措施包含了抗震构造措施。正确理解抗震设计中的地震作用、抗震措施与抗震构造措施所对应的设防烈度是做好抗震设计的前提条件。通过对相关规范的学习对比,简单分析了地震作用、抗震措施与抗震构造措施的概念及他们所对应的设防烈度。     

Energy, comfort and indoor air quality in nursery and elementary school buildings in the cold climatic zone of Greece

Schools are the most suitable type of building for the application of energy efficiency and good indoor air quality measures. This is justified by the fact that such measures can promote sustainability to the future citizens, and even more, ensure a comfortable and healthy environment for educational purposes. Unfortunately, in practice school buildings face the same, or even more intense, energy performance and indoor air quality problems as any other building. The purpose of this study is to investigate the energy efficiency, thermal environment and indoor air quality in public nursery and elementary school buildings in the city of Kozani, located at the cold climatic zone of Greece. The survey, conducted both by in-field measurements and by questionnaires, reveals the main parameters affecting the overall performance of the investigated buildings. The problematic building envelope, the improper control of heating and lighting systems, the absence of proper legislative measures and, above all, the lack of interest concerning the efficiency of such buildings are the main factors in the reported efficiency.     

Using intelligent clustering techniques to classify the energy performance of school buildings

The present paper deals with the energy performance, energy classification and rating and the global environmental quality of school buildings. A new energy classification technique based on intelligent clustering methodologies is proposed. Energy rating of school buildings provides specific information on their energy consumption and efficiency relative to the other buildings of similar nature and permits a better planning of interventions to improve its energy performance. The overall work reported in the present paper, is carried out in three phases. During the first phase energy consumption data have been collected through energy surveys performed in 320 schools in Greece. In the second phase an innovative energy rating scheme based on fuzzy clustering techniques has been developed, while in the third phase, 10 schools have been selected and detailed measurements of their energy efficiency and performance as well as of the global environmental quality have been performed using a specific experimental protocol. The proposed energy rating method has been applied while the main environmental and energy problems have been identified. The potential for energy and environmental improvements has been assessed.     

Improving energy performance of school buildings while ensuring indoor air quality ventilation

Energy conscious design of school buildings, as well as deemed-to-satisfy provisions in a Performance Based Energy Code, should address the problem known as the energy efficiency—thermal comfort—indoor air quality dilemma (EE-TC-IAQ Dilemma). In warm and moderate climates, the large internal heat sources usually found in school buildings prevent achieving thermal comfort without active cooling in summer, but are not sufficient to eliminate the need for heating in winter. Commonly used air-conditioners do not improve air quality, while natural ventilation induces uncontrolled energy losses. In this study, a step by step process was used for the development of deemed-to-satisfy design solutions, which cope with the EE-TC-IAQ Dilemma, for a performance based code. A distinction is made between improving building design variables and improving ventilation schemes. Results indicate that implementation of improved ventilation schemes in an otherwise well designed energy-conscious building result in savings of 28–30% and 17–18% for northern and southern classroom orientations, respectively.     

河南息县地区中小学校舍安全调查与分析

根据对信阳息县中小学校舍安全性和抗震的鉴定报告资料,对建筑的结构类别、建造年代进行了安全状况统计分析,根据统计分析对校舍安全进行总体评价。分析了砖木结构、砖混结构和其他结构的质量问题原因,提出了增强中小学校舍安全性能的一些有益措施。     

提高学校建筑抗震能力若干对策与探讨

结合泉州市学校建筑抗震安全调查情况,分析了学校建筑的现状及潜在的危险,探讨了在役学校建筑的加固改造措施以及新建学校建筑在抗震方面应该注意的一些问题。     

Clearing the air on EU guidance projects for school buildings

ABSTRACT

Professionals engaged in the design of new or retrofit of existing school buildings currently struggle to find comprehensive guidelines for achieving healthy and energy-efficient school environments. Recently, two major and independent research projects aimed at improving indoor environmental quality and energy performance of school buildings in Europe have been completed: SINPHONIE and School of the Future. Their guidelines reflect the distinct priorities and limited scope of each project. This paper compares for the first time and, as far as possible, synthesizes these outputs to facilitate their use in practice and research. Overall, SINPHONIE is most useful in addressing indoor environmental quality of schools in terms of the physical, chemical and microbiological stressors that impact and potentially affect human health. It aims to influence the future development of policy and regulations. By contrast, School of the Future presents a broader design-oriented approach based on best practice in four European countries. For the most part they complement each other in their recommendations; however, this review highlights several areas that require further clarification and research including links between indoor environmental quality and cognitive performance, the consequent appropriate level for the designed ventilation rate, and the role of adaptive thermal comfort in schools.     

Historical analysis of the economic life-cycle performance of public school buildings

ABSTRACT

Scientific community and practitioners of the Architecture, Engineering and Construction (AEC) sector have been developing life-cycle cost (LCC) concept for the past decades. However, information on a building’s economic performance throughout its life-cycle is seldom readily available or accurate. This hinders the fulfilment of recommendations of international and regional standards, procurement guidelines and regulations, and for building management (BM) professionals to fully incorporate the LCC concept into their daily practice. This paper seeks to contribute to solving these difficulties by presenting a conceptual framework that enables LCC-informed decisions in BM, together with its empirical application to a portfolio of 158 public school buildings in Portugal (constructed area of 1,437,594?m²). It involved the gathering, organization and treatment of historical data of school buildings originally constructed from 1942 onwards. The historical analysis is presented in the form of three types of economic life-cycle key performance indicators (time series, indexes and relative ratios). It originated a database with more than 1.4 million results that offer a profound understanding of historical economic performance of this portfolio. The results can be adapted and used to benchmark or estimate construction, operation, maintenance, repair, replacement, rehabilitation, energy consumption, water consumption and deconstruction costs of buildings throughout the world.     

面向展览建筑的旧工业建筑内部空间更新模式研究

本文以面向展览建筑的旧工业建筑为研究对象,从内部空间的角度出发,根据不同的空间特性和改造需求,结合大量实践案例的分析,总结出三种基本的内部空间更新模式:保持空间原构、局部空间重构和整体空间重构.     

汶川地震后某中学校舍抗震加固改造

通过对浙江省某中学校舍进行结构排查鉴定,结合排查鉴定报告和验算结果对其进行了加固改造,详细介绍了该校舍的楼板加固、墙体加固、结构改造等内容,提出了教育建筑的抗震加固工程应注意的事项,以指导实践。     

寒冷地区被动式太阳能中小学建筑的设计策略

本文对我国寒冷地区中小学建筑的现状进行了调查,以寒冷地区采用被动式太阳能技术的中小学建筑为研究内容,重点介绍了常用的被动式太阳能光热技术在此类建筑中的应用,期望可以作为太阳能中小学建筑设计的参考。