纳滤膜法对酸性蓝9脱盐提纯

筛选合适孔径的压力驱动膜,利用卷式膜小试系统对水溶性染料酸性蓝9进行脱盐纯化研究。经原液1.5倍体积洗脱后,Cl-脱盐至低于检测浓度;3倍体积洗脱后,SO42-的脱盐率为97%以上,酸性蓝9的渗漏率低于2%。并对脱盐过程建立数学模型,实验结果表明,根据数学模型可以基本预测离子脱除的效果以及脱盐所需要的水量。     

停留时间分布技术在膜分离应用中的研究进展

综述了停留时间分布(RTD)技术的基本原理及其在膜分离应用中的研究进展.总结了RTD技术在微滤膜、纳滤膜和反渗透膜中的应用,特别介绍了在卷式反渗透膜浓水侧的RTD响应信号.综述了RTD技术在表征膜器内流体流动和优化膜器性能方面的应用,指出了RTD技术可以应用的领域,如优化膜器设计、筛选性能最优的膜组件、检测膜系统运行中污染和结垢情况等.同时对RTD技术的发展作了展望.     

中国海水淡化与水再利用学会第二届论文报告会论文目录

1.案讯陇玻徽孔毖膜的研制王学松 东徽徽纤维索体系含水反渗透腆直接辐射接技改性方式 的理论研究赵尧阶X元初 3.超过滋法用于自蛋白的浓编与提纯—脱盐方法的 研究何丁新王树平 4.关于聚砚超毖膜千澡方法的实验研究陈恩泽 王玉保 5.聚矾类超渔膜的研制及其应用刘福谏 6.用于卷式组件的C人一CT人101型反滋透干膜刘玉荣等 7.拉伸比对CTA中空纤维反渗进膜结构和性能的影响 林斯* 8.反诊通卷式组件性能及其参数的研究徐荣安等 9.找国反诊进和超过渔技术的发展和应用概况郑领英10.引进美国PERMTEK公司超纯水制取装置介绍 陈孝本11.电泳徐…     

反渗透卷式淡化组件研制成功

国家海洋局第二海洋研究所最近研制成功了反渗透卷式淡化组件,该类组件长约1.8米,内径4英寸,选用环氧玻璃钢壳体,内装三个单元膜卷,配用该所研制的醋酸纤维素膜,操作压力可控制在25—40公升/厘米~2的范围。该类组件脱盐率为80—85％,日产水量2.0吨以上,适用于纯水制备,也可用于低盐度苦咸水的脱盐。该类组件研制成功,为发展我国反渗透技术作出了有益的贡献。     

应用膜技术精制荧光增白剂水溶液的工艺设计

本文对采用卷式纳滤膜作荧光增白剂水溶液的脱盐和浓缩的各种工艺过程进行了预测和比较。将含有1.0mol/L NaCI的0.14mol/L荧光增白剂水溶液浓缩到0.30mol/L再进行连续恒容脱盐,将NaCI浓度降低到0.102mol/L,然后将荧光增白剂水溶液和NaCI的浓度调节到0.25mol/L和0.085mol/L的目标浓度,这种方法所需的膜面积和排放水量都较小。工业运行试验表明该工艺与预测结果吻合良好。     

管式反渗透淡化器中浓度极化的控制

反渗透淡化器在脱盐过程中产生的浓度极化现象,导致膜透水速度及脱盐率的下降。这不仅增加了淡化器单位产量所需要的能耗,而且由于膜表面溶液浓度的增加,加速了膜性能的衰退,使膜的寿命下降。若膜表面溶液浓度超过某一限度还将引起盐类在膜表面析出,使     

专利摘要

一种竖立式卷式膜过滤装置及其清洗方法 本发明公开了一种竖立式卷式膜过滤装置,包括竖立放置的膜外壳,其特征在于所述膜外壳内安装有与之适应的卷式膜元件,所述膜外壳上、下端分别安装有上、下密封头,所述卷式膜元件中具有透过液输出管,该透过滤液输出管两端设置有分别穿过上、下密封头延伸在外的上、下透过液出口,     

专利摘要

一种竖立式卷式膜过滤装置及其清洗方法 本发明公开了一种竖立式卷式膜过滤装置,包括竖立放置的膜外壳,其特征在于所述膜外壳内安装有与之适应的卷式膜元件,所述膜外壳上、下端分别安装有上、下密封头,所述卷式膜元件中具有透过液输出管,该透过滤液输出管两端设置有分别穿过上、下密封头延伸在外的上、下透过液出口,     

1,3 丙二醇发酵液电渗析法脱盐

对1,3 丙二醇发酵液电渗析法脱盐的工艺进行了初步研究,主要就发酵液电导率与温度的关系、膜对电压、发酵液过滤与絮凝预处理、发酵液初始pH对脱盐效果的影响及膜的重复使用性进行了研究. 结果表明,发酵液电导率与温度呈线性关系,电导率温度校正系数为0.0217;膜对电压1.3~1.5 V为较适操作电压;脱盐过程耗时越长,1,3 丙二醇的损失越大;发酵液通过壳聚糖絮凝预处理后可以明显改善脱盐效果;发酵液pH对脱盐有明显影响,pH越低脱盐速率越快,膜连续重复使用15批次后性能下降明显,需要用NaOH和NaCl溶液进行清洗.     

朗盛将亮相2013年国际脱盐协会世界大会

德国朗盛集团于2013年10月20~25日参加在中国天津举办的2013年度国际脱盐协会(简称IDA)世界大会。期间,朗盛展示了其Lewabrane系列膜元件产品。作为世界领先的水处理和水净化产品和解决方案供应商之一,朗盛协助客户高效地利用日益紧缺的水资源。朗盛在位于德国比特菲尔德的生产基地制造反渗透(RO)膜元件。Lewabrane产品由卷式复合聚酰胺膜制成,专为工业水处理和饮用水处理设计。目前产品组合包括     

国产反渗透膜海水淡化装置试验与运行报告

本文介绍了采用国产膜元件的反渗透海水淡化装置的设计和实际试验运行情况,并专门进行了开机电导稳定性试验以及产水电导、流量与RO进水压力、水温之间的关系试验,得出了国产膜元件的一些性能参数,可为今后国产膜元件的实际应用提供一些借鉴。     

Macroscopic fluid flow conditions in spiral-wound membrane elements

Reverse osmosis (RO) finds increasing applications as separation technique in chemical and environmental engineering where desalination, selective separations in the agro-industrial processes or wastewater purification are well-established examples. To fully evaluate the potential of RO and facilitate scale-up procedures, the modelling of the process is an important tool and literature models analyze the separation efficiency in terms of mass transfer with material balances, pressure drop through the module and mass transfer coefficients as dominant parameters. Important underlying factors are the geometry of the module and the hydrodynamic flow regime since mass transfer and pressure drop are a function of these factors, as witnessed by several publications. Since the concentrate-side (which is also the feed side) of the membrane plays the key-role, measurements should focus on the concentrate-channel of the spiral-wound membrane element. The determination of the channel flow regime and hydrodynamics of spiral-wound RO-channels can be carried out through the measurement of the residence time distribution (RTD). The present paper describes our experimental investigations on RTD through the application of a step change in tracer concentrations and relates the RTD-response curves to the regime of flow through the concentrate channels. This tracer-technique is common in characterizing flow regimes in chemical reactors. Its application to RO flow channels is innovative and results obtained stress its applicability to this specific geometrical layout. Results indeed demonstrate that the experimental average residence time of the concentrate channel is smaller than the theoretically calculated residence time, with differences between both values gradually decreasing with increasing liquid flow rate. This observation corresponds with findings for traditional packed bed applications where the presence of dead volumes reduces the real average residence time. The presence of dead zones in the spiral-wound membrane element is therefore evident. Since in our experimental procedure, residence time distributions are measured both between the tracer injection point and respectively the inlet and outlet of the spiral-wound element, the nett RTD-contribution of the membrane element itself can only be determined by eliminating the influence of the inlet flow equalization zone. This is performed by applying the convolution principle. Experimental and calculated RTD-curves for values of the Péclet-number of approximately 20 are in very good agreement. In analogy with fixed bed applications, the interpretation of the findings corresponds to a laminar flow profile with a limited dispersion. The definition of this flow profile in the concentrate channel is important in the use of transport models to characterize the membrane performance, as will be shown in a further paper.     

Benefits of High Shear Rate Dynamic Nanofiltration and Reverse Osmosis: A Review

Dynamic filtration permits to increase permeate flux and membrane selectivity, as compared to crossflow filtration. It consists in creating the shear rate by a disk rotating near the membrane or by rotating or vibrating the membrane, avoiding the need for large feed flow rates. The benefits of high shear rates are important in microfiltration and ultrafiltration, but they are even larger in nanofiltration (NF) and reverse osmosis (RO). The reduction in concentration polarization by high shear rate can increase the permeate flux by a ratio of 3 to 5 as compared to a spiral wound module and augments also solutes rejection as their diffusive transfer through the membrane is reduced by a factor of 4 to 5. This paper describes available dynamic filtration modules suitable for NF and RO and reviews the treatment of dairy effluents, desalination, oil emulsions, and oligosaccharides recovery using a rotating disk module or a VSEP module with vibrating membranes and compares their performances with those of crossflow filtration. These examples confirm the high potential of dynamic NF and RO when operated at high shear rate and high TMP. The availability of large rotating NF ceramic membrane disks could permit the fabrication of highly efficient modules.     

Analysis of hollow fiber reverse osmosis membrane module of axial flow type

Several analyses of hollow fiber reverse osmosis (RO) modules in which permeate water flows from the outer to the inner side of the membrane have been attempted over the past 20 years. In our previous work, an FCP (Friction Concentration Polarization) model showed good agreement with a wide range of actual performance data of a hollow fiber RO membrane module of radial flow type. In this work, this analytical model was applied to axial flow type hollow fiber modules. The performance of the axial flow type module with high packing density of hollow fibers was analyzed, taking into consideration the axial concentration profile in the module. It was confirmed that this model showed good agreement with experimental data for an axial flow type RO membrane module. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011     

An experimental assessment of centrifugal membrane separation using spiral wound RO membrane elements

The influence of the rotating environment created in a centrifugal membrane separation (CMS) system on the performance of commercial spiral wound RO membrane elements has been examined. In CMS the membrane elements are located at the periphery of a centrifuge rotor. The spinning action develops the process pressure and alters the fluid flow pattern within the element due to Coriolis and centripetal acceleration. CMS has been shown to improve performance of a small-scale plate and frame element by reducing concentration polarization and fouling. The current study probes the benefits of spinning commercial spiral wound RO membrane elements in a radial orientation. Mechanical element stability at over 3000 `g' has been demonstrated as well as concentration polarization reduction and fouling alleviation. Results also indicate that rotation induced secondary flows are more effective in reducing concentration polarization than increasing cross-flow velocities for the non-rotating condition.     

矿井水脱盐过程中卷式反渗透膜性能的数值模拟研究

为了更好地研究矿井水中无机盐组分对于反渗透过程产水、结垢及脱盐效果的影响,以内蒙古某煤矿矿井水水质组分作为进水水质条件,采用计算流体力学（CFD）模拟单支商用标准8寸卷式反渗透膜元件（陶氏BW30-400）内部的传质以及局部浓差极化的分布,预测实际运行情况下微溶盐结垢的风险。进水通道采用以阿基米德螺旋曲线为卷制轨迹的几何模型。无机盐的混盐作用通过混盐渗透压模型模拟。从全尺度卷式反渗透膜元件的模拟结果可以看出,卷式反渗透膜内的水流主要以轴向流速为主,沿切向阿基米德螺旋线的流速较低,对整体盐度分布的影响较小（<1%）,可以忽略不计,在后续模拟中采用简化模拟单元或几何模型或网格。在模拟操作条件下,卷式膜元件的浓水网产生的水头损失占整体水头损失约86%,为卷式膜元件中的主要水头损失来源。在没有安装浓水网的进水流道中最高Na₂SO₄浓度位于元件浓水出口处,高达3594 mg/L,约为有浓水网情况下的1.8倍。而且有浓水网的进水流道内,浓差极化现象主要发生在浓水网背水侧局部区域,影响范围较小。该模型模拟得到的产水量与实测产水量做对比,误差小于5%,同时模拟结果也接近ROSA9.1模拟数据（误差<4.4%）,因此可以对卷式反渗透膜的无机盐脱盐过程进行较精确的模拟仿真。与商业设计软件如ROSA（反渗透系统分析）相比,其只提供产水和浓水中的盐浓度信息,本文开发的模型可以提供浓度极化的特征信息,加深了对卷式反渗透膜在不同位置的潜在结垢风险的理解。     

Design of reverse osmosis networks for multiple freshwater production

Reverse osmosis (RO) desalination, which produces multiple freshwater from seawater, has been studied in this work. An optimization method based on process synthesis has been applied to design the RO system. First, a simplified superstructure that contains all the feasible design for this desalination problem has been presented. In this structural representation, the stream split ratios and the logical expressions of stream mixing were employed, which can make the mathematical model easy to handle. Then, the membrane separation units employing the spiral wound reverse osmosis elements were described by using a pressure vessel model, which takes into account the pressure drop and the concentration changes in the membrane channel. The optimum design problem can be formulated as a mixedinteger non-linear programming (MINLP) problem, which minimizes the total annualized cost of the RO system. The cost equation relating the capital and operating cost to the design variables, as well as the structural variables, has been introduced in the objective function. The problem solution includes the optimal streams distribution, the optimal system structure and the operating conditions. The design method could also be used for the optimal selection of membrane element type in each stage and the optimal number of membrane elements in each pressure vessel. The effectiveness of this design methodology has been demonstrated by solving a desalination case. The comparisons with common industrial approach indicated that the integrative RO system proposed in this work is more economical, which can lead to significant capital cost and energy saving and provide an economically attractive desalination scheme.     

A Comparative study of organic fouling in hollow fiber and spiral wound membranes

The occurrence of flux decline in brackish water reverse osmosis (RO) plants due to dissolved organics is a topic of ongoing research. This type of organic fouling has also been found in seawater RO plants. A study was undertaken to compare organic fouling in hollow fiber and spiral wound membranes using a seawater feed that possessed a high concentration of huraic acid. This study was undertaken at an RO plant on Grand Cayman Island, British West Indies. The feed water came from a sea well and possessed a concentration of humic acid that varied between 35 and 60 mg/l.The hollow fiber membrane was operated at a recovery of 25% while the recovery with the spiral wound membrane varied between 5 and 25%. The performance data which included permeate flow, salt rejection, pressure drops across the membrane and analysis of the membranes for organic fouling were undertaken. This study compared the performance data and organic fouling between the hollow fiber and spiral wound meembranes.     

Sustainable fuel cell integrated membrane desalination systems

According to the United Nations, between two and seven billion people will face water shortages by the year 2050. Further, it is estimated that the amount of water available per person will shrink by a third during the next two decades. Inadequate supply of good-quality water coupled with higher water demand due to rapid population growth and industrialisation in developing countries are among the major reasons for the worsening water situation. Current shortages of potable water around the world and looming water scarcity especially in the developing countries is the driving force behind the implementation of membrane technologies for seawater and brackish water desalination. Typical energy consumption in seawater reverse osmosis (RO) plants operating at 40–45% product water recovery and with energy recovery from the high pressure reject stream currently is about 3–4 kWh/m³. The near-term goal of the industry is to reduce energy consumption to less than 2 kWh/m³ by using a combination of energy efficient RO pumps, more efficient energy recovery devices, high performance low energy RO membranes, hybrid membrane systems, advanced pretreatment technologies and alternate energy integrated membrane systems. The beneficial aspects of using alternate energy systems such as on-site distributed fuel cell systems integrated with membrane desalination units in remote locations are discussed.     

The analysis and design of a both open ended hollow fiber type RO module

The use of seawater desalination plants using RO technology has spread and the scale of the plants has increased. In such a situation, a larger‐sized RO module has been strongly required. The conventional hollow fiber type RO element is a single open‐ended (SOE) structure. That is, one side of the hollow fibers in the modules is opened and the other side is closed. In this SOE structure, the increase in the flow pressure loss of the permeated water which flows in the bore side of the hollow fibers prevents development of a large‐sized (longer) RO element. In this work, a both open‐ended (BOE) element was devised which can reduce the flow pressure loss of the permeated water. It has been confirmed by analysis and experiment that the permeate flow rate of BOE is greater by about 30% than that of SOE. Furthermore, the large‐sized RO module with high volume efficiency was designed using the performance analysis method that was confirmed to be applicable to BOE. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008