加压鼓泡塔反应器中气液两相流CFD数值模拟

对加压气液鼓泡塔反应器内的气液两相流进行了二维数值模拟,模拟的压力为0.5～2.0 MPa,表观气速为0.120～0.312 m/s;模拟采用了Euler-Euler模型,并耦合了气泡群平衡模型（PBM）预测气泡尺寸,该模型考虑了气泡聚并与破碎对气泡的影响。液相湍流采用标准k-ε模型,两相间的作用力只考虑曳力。模拟获得了局部气含率、局部气/液相时均轴向速度及其径向分布等数据,并与实验结果进行比较。结果表明,局部气含率、局部气相速度模拟结果与实验结果吻合较好,局部液相速度径向分布特征模拟结果与文献结果相符。     

精馏塔板相界面积的粒数衡算模型

通过对气液湍流系统中气泡的动力学行为进行分析推导出气泡破碎速率与聚并速率的表达式,在此基础上建立了描述气泡分散特性的粒数衡算模型.求解粒数衡算方程可以计算精馏塔板上气泡的粒度分布以及气液相界面积,模拟计算的结果与实验测量的数据相当一致,证明可以利用粒数衡算模型较准确地预测气液湍流系统的分散性质.     

鼓泡塔反应器气液两相流CFD数值模拟

对圆柱形鼓泡塔反应器内的气液两相流动进行了三维瞬态数值模拟,模拟的表观气速范围为0.02～0.30 m•s^-1; 模拟采用了双流体模型,并耦合了气泡界面密度单方程模型预测气泡尺寸,该模型考虑了气泡聚并与破碎对气泡尺寸的影响。液相湍流采用考虑气相影响的修正k-ε模型,两相间的动量传输仅考虑曳力作用。模拟获得了轴向气/液相速度分布、气含率分布、湍流动能分布以及气泡表面面积密度等,对部分模拟结果与实验值进行了定量比较,结果表明模拟结果与实验结果吻合较好。     

鼓泡塔气液两相流不同曳力模型的数值模拟

采用欧拉-欧拉双流体模型对圆柱形鼓泡塔内气液两相流动进行了三维数值模拟. 通过UDF自定义程序对气相出口边界进行了速度修正,解决了模拟中自由区域内有漩涡的问题;分别使用单一气泡尺寸模型和群体平衡模型(PBM)计算气泡尺寸,并比较其对气含率分布的预测结果,分别采用Schiller-Naumann, Grace和Tomiyama曳力系数模型进行模拟. 结果表明,在全塔径均匀进气的简化条件下,单一气泡尺寸模型不适用,在合适的Hamaker数下,PBM模型中原用于颗粒计算的Abrahamson模型可计算气泡聚并速率;Tomiyama曳力模型耦合PBM模型可更好地描述塔内流动情况,并与文献值吻合良好. Schiller-Naumann模型所得平均气含率与实验值相差约40%,而Grace模型所得湍动耗散比Tomiyama的结果高14.5%,气含率分布与文献值相差16.3%.     

倾斜波纹板上液膜流动的CFD研究

利用VOF法建立了液膜在倾斜波纹板上的气-液两相流CFD模型,并根据液膜流动特点提出了表面张力动量源项和气液界面作用力动量源项.模拟结果与文献实验值吻合较好,表明本文提出的CFD液膜流动模型具有一定的可靠性.通过模拟不同性质的液体在不同表面结构波纹板上的流动过程发现,波纹板表面微观结构以及液体性质尤其是液体的表面张力对连续液膜的形成有重要作用,表明通过改变波纹板面微观结构以及降低液体的表面张力可以促进连续液膜的形成,对提高气液之间的传质效率有重要意义.     

双气泡相群平衡模型模拟鼓泡塔气液两相流

基于对鼓泡塔气泡行为的现有认识,把气泡分成大、小气泡. 首次建立了完整的双气泡相群平衡模型(TBPBM),以预测气泡尺寸,并耦合TBPBM与CFD双流体模型对D=440 mm鼓泡塔进行数值模拟,获得了气泡尺寸体积概率分布、时均气含率与液相速度径向分布、大小气泡相尺寸分布,对部分模拟结果与实验值及文献模拟结果进行了比较. 结果表明,TBPBM-CFD模型预测的时均气含率和液相速度分布与实验结果吻合最好,较SBPBM、平均气泡尺寸模型的模拟结果有明显改善. 与实验值相比,TBPBM模型的整体气含率模拟误差为5.7%,而SBPBM模型和平均气泡尺寸模型的误差分别为27.2%和17.3%.     

气升式环流反应器的理论研究进展

概述了气升式环流反应器的流体力学模型,对工程实用性较强的气液两流体模型和气泡导致的湍动模型进行了分类,并对常见相间作用力模型和多相流求解技术进行了总结和评价. 指出将Favre平均的两流体模型和采用Sato模型考虑气泡导致湍动的k-e模型相结合是现阶段气升式环流反应器设计和放大的有力工具. 在分析了气液两相流理论现状的基础上,指出了其存在的问题和进一步的研究方向.     

CFD-PBM耦合模型模拟气液鼓泡床的通用性研究

通过对不同操作压力和不同液体性质气液鼓泡床的模拟值与实验数据进行对比,从而验证CFD-PBM耦合模型的通用性。结果表明,CFD-PBM耦合模型在加入了气泡破碎修正因子后,可以很好地预测压力对鼓泡床流体力学行为的影响趋势,当压力升高时,气含率显著升高。不同液体黏度和表面张力条件下CFD-PBM耦合模型的模拟结果与实验结果均吻合较好。随液体黏度增大,气泡破碎速率减小,气泡尺寸分布变宽,曳力显著下降,气含率随之降低。随表面张力减小,气泡破碎速率增大,气泡变小,气含率升高。CFD-PBM耦合模型具有很好的通用性,原因在于考虑了压力、液体黏度和表面张力对气泡聚并、破碎和气液相间作用力的影响。     

CFD-PBM耦合模型模拟气液鼓泡床的通用性研究

通过对不同操作压力和不同液体性质气液鼓泡床的模拟值与实验数据进行对比，从而验证CFD-PBM耦合模型的通用性。结果表明，CFD-PBM耦合模型在加入了气泡破碎修正因子后，可以很好地预测压力对鼓泡床流体力学行为的影响趋势，当压力升高时，气含率显著升高。不同液体黏度和表面张力条件下CFD-PBM耦合模型的模拟结果与实验结果均吻合较好。随液体黏度增大，气泡破碎速率减小，气泡尺寸分布变宽，曳力显著下降，气含率随之降低。随表面张力减小，气泡破碎速率增大，气泡变小，气含率升高。CFD-PBM耦合模型具有很好的通用性，原因在于考虑了压力、液体黏度和表面张力对气泡聚并、破碎和气液相间作用力的影响。     

适用欧拉-拉格朗日方法模拟气液泡状流的气泡破碎模型

欧拉-拉格朗日方法已被广泛应用于模拟鼓泡塔等气-液反应器内的流型、气泡尺寸（或气含率）及其分布。文献中该方法主要基于临界Weber数观点来描述气泡破碎行为,且破碎后的子气泡尺寸由随机数确定。但现有实验和理论研究表明,临界Weber数约束不能体现气体密度等物性参数和泡内气体重分布对气泡破碎行为的影响。针对这些不足,提出了适用欧拉-拉格朗日框架且考虑泡内气体重分布贡献的气泡破碎机理模型,并利用开源软件OpenFOAM开发了基于新破碎模型的求解器。新模型预测结果能较好地吻合实验测量的时均轴向液速、气泡尺寸及其分布等实验数据。特别地,考虑泡内气体重分布现象的破碎机理模型成功预测了实验观测的气泡尺寸双峰分布特征。     

小气泡或小液滴之间的聚并

对2个小气泡或小液滴之间的聚并进行了动力学分析,并考虑范德华力的影响,得到了界面无切向运动时气泡或液滴聚并所需时间与气泡直径、流体主体和界面性质的关系。     

表面粘度对小气泡聚并的影响

对2个小气泡间的聚并过程进行了动力学分析,着重考虑界面粘度的影响,得到气泡聚并所需时间与气泡直径、流体主体和界面性质的关系。     

液液两相混合中液滴的凝并频率

液液两相混合中液滴的凝并频率的直接观察和建模都存在一些困难 .由此建立了一种喷雾 -搅拌两相混合器 ,获取液滴分布的即时值 .因为液滴很小时破裂频率可以忽略 ,影响液滴分布的只有凝并频率 ,可以从液滴的分布获得液滴的凝并频率 .验证了液滴的自我维持性质并利用反问题的方法求取液滴的凝并频率 ,与从理论推导的液滴凝并频率比较 ,判断该方法的优势之处     

Modeling of approach processes for equal or unequal sized fluid particles

The approach of two unequal or equal sized fluid particles is modeled using a simple parallel film model, giving expressions for interaction time and maximum film area, disregarding all external forces. The interaction time is found independent of the initial approach velocity and it explains why the effective virtual mass coefficient changes with the radius ratio of particles in the model of Chesters and Hofman (1982). A more general parallel film model is also developed based on the balance of forces acting on the particles and shows how initial velocity, radius ratio and buoyancy affect the interaction time, approach velocity and film area. Both models are compared to the experimental data of Scheele and Leng (1971).     

EFFECTS OF MASS TRANSFER ON THE THINNING AND RUPTURE OF A PLANE PARALLEL LIQUID FILM

The effects of mass transfer and physical properties upon the thinning and rupture of adraining plane parallel film are investigated.An equation is derived in which the thinning rate is afunction of bulk properties.surface properties(surface tension,surface viscosities,and the variationof surface tension with surface concentration),intermolecular forces(London-van der Waals forcesand electrostatic double layer forces),adsorption and surface diffusion coefficients,bubble size andfilm thickness.An estimation for the critical thickness at which a film rupture is carried out and thecoalescence time is obtained by integration to the critical thickness,The coalescence time is predictedas a function of bulk and surface properties,London-van der forces,adsorption and surfacediffusion coefficients,and bubble size.     

小液滴在水平液液界面上的聚并

对纯净系统中的小液滴在水平液液界面上聚并时的薄液膜排液过程进行了理论分析，研究两相物理性质、范德华力、界面切向运动对聚并速率的影响，得到了计算聚并时间的公式．理论预测与实验结果符合良好．     

COALESCENCE BETWEEN SMALL BUBBLES: EFFECTS OF SURFACE TENSION GRADIENT

1 INTRODUCTIONThe rate of coalescence between bubbles is important to the stability of foams,the mo-bility control in tertiary oil recovery,and a broad class of operations in which gas orvapor is the dispersed phase.Therefore,it is very important that the mechanism of thecoalescence process be understood,so that the effects of the physical properties oncoalescence can be assessed.     

Agglomeration modeling of small and large particles by a diffusion theory approach

The interaction particle‐binder during the wet granulation process plays a major role in the agglomeration of particles. This interaction has been modeled by a force balance acting on the particle where the binder's viscous force increases the strength of liquid bridge and facilitates the particle agglomeration. In this work, agglomeration kernels based on Brownian movement approach of small particles in the binder layer, the size ratio between particles (monodispersed and polydispersed), and binder's viscous forces were considered to model the wet granulation process of pharmaceutical powders in a laboratory‐scale high shear mixer. The assumptions of no‐stationary and pseudostationary behavior were suitable to describe the growth kinetics of the two stages (fast and slow) observed. A volume ratio of 150 between large and small particles produces the most effective granulation growth. The developed kernels were tested simulating experimental data obtained from a high shear mixer. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2009     

Liquid Transport in a Coalescing Froth

A previous study (Ireland and Jameson, J. Colloid Interface Sci., 314 207‐213 (2007)) demonstrated that a “drift‐flux” model could describe liquid transport in a stable rising froth with added “wash water.” In the present study, a drift‐flux model was used to describe a rising coalescing froth. This model incorporated the effect of liquid released into the froth by coalescence. Vertical profiles of liquid fraction and bubble size were obtained in a laboratory cell; a novel technique was used for measuring bubbles deep within the cell. These data were consistent with the predictions of the drift‐flux model.     

The behaviour of large gas bubbles at a liquid-liquid interface. Part 2: Liquid entrainment

The roles played by large gas bubbles in the generation and coalescence of liquid drops at a liquid-liquid interface are elucidated. The amount of lower liquid entrained by individual bubbles and the resulting drop size distributions in the upper liquid phase are quantified for the three phase system: sunflower oil + 50 wt % decane, water + 50 wt % sugar, air, and qualitative theoretical models are presented. Drops settling to the interface were found to coalesce rapidly and bubble flux had no apparent effect on the rate of drop coalescence at the liquid-liquid interface.