无助剂AlN陶瓷的高压烧结制备及热导率

以碳热还原法生产的AlN粉体为原料,用国产六面顶压机,在5.0GPa,1 300～1 800℃,在无烧结助剂的情况下,高压烧结制备了AlN陶瓷.用X射线衍射、扫描电镜对高压烧结AlN陶瓷微观结构进行了表征.结果表明:经1 300℃烧结50 min制备的AlN陶瓷的相对密度达94.8%.经1 400℃烧结50min制备的AlN陶瓷的断裂模式为穿晶断裂.经1 800℃烧结50min制备的AlN陶瓷由单相多晶等轴晶粒组成,该样品的热导率达115.0W/(m·K).高压烧结制备的AlN陶瓷的晶格常数比AlN粉体的略有减小.高压烧结温度的提高和烧结时间的延长有助于提高AlN陶瓷的热导率.     

APPARATUS FOR MEASURING THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY OF REFRACTORIES*

An apparatus for measuring the thermal conductivity of refractories, is described in detail, and results are shown for several types of insulating refractories. Comparisons are madc from data which were obtained on a low-temperature plate tester, and the effect of several variables on measured heat flow are discussed.     

采用HOTDISK测量材料热导率的实验研究

使用HotDisk热分析仪进行材料热导率测量的实验研究。通过对不锈钢标准件,冰和多孔介质的热导率测量,证明该分析仪器能够适应不同材料的热物性测试。对冰的测量结果与文献值的最大相对误差仅为0.324％,对不锈钢标准件测量结果与标准值一致,在室温(22℃)左右为14.07W·m~(-1)·K~(-1)。对建筑用砂与空气、水和冰组成的饱和多孔介质的有效热导率测量结果表明:砂的颗粒粒径大小对材料的有效热导率影响很大,这种影响主要是接触热阻和连续相相对体积大小相互作用的结果。     

高导热石墨砖的研制及其在炼铁高炉上的应用

从原料的选择、配方确定、生产工艺控制关键等方面对高导热石墨砖的研制开发过程进行了阐述。同时，结合大型高炉炉身、炉腹的破损机理、温度分布等特点，对应用在大型炼铁高炉上的高导热石墨砖特性和优点进行了说明，并与国外相关产品的理化性能进行了比较。指出所研制开发的高导热石墨砖完全可以替代国外同类产品，可以很好地用于大型高炉的砌筑和使用。     

流动型量热法测量汽化热的实验研究

建立了流动型量热法汽化热测量装置 .该装置测量压力可达 6MPa ,温度范围 2 6 0～ 480K .以所建的装置测量了纯水的汽化热 ,测量结果与文献值比较其偏差在± 0 .85 %以内 ,证明了实验装置的可靠性 .利用该装置测量了制冷剂的替代工质HFC134a和HFC12 5的汽化热 ,为替代工质的筛选和工程设计提供了可靠的基础数据     

EFFECTIVE THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY OF BINARY MIXTURES AT HIGH SOLID TO GAS CONDUCTIVITY RATIOS

The effective thermal conductivity of single size and binary mixtures of packed particle beds with stagnant gas at high solid/gas conductivity ratios is determined by a deterministic, unit cell approach. The model results are shown to be in good agreement with experimental data for various gas pressures and solid to gas thermal conductivity ratios up to 1300. A set of correlations for effective conductivity of binary mixtures as a function of gas pressure and particle size is derived. The effect of particle swelling on the effective conductivity of binary mixtures is studied by performing a parametric study of the contact area between the particles     

液态聚合物的内压与状态方程

由热力学关系建立了一个液态聚合物的状态方程.聚合物的热压力由对应状态原理得到,内压力由Lennard-Jones(6,12)势能函数导得.状态方程包含3个有明确物理意义的特性参数,能够满意地关联各种液态聚合物的pVT数据.对18个均聚物和4个共聚物的比体积关联结果表明,总的平均绝对偏差在0～50 MPa压力范围内为0.00042 cm³•g^-1,在全部实验压力范围内为0.00063 cm³•g^-1,优于Simha-Somcynsky方程算得的结果.     

炭黑/橡胶复合材料热导率的计算

应用不同的理论模型预测了炭黑/橡胶复合材料的热导率,并与实验测试结果进行了对比分析.结果发现,发黑体积份数对炭黑填充胶热导率影响很大,随着炭黑用量的增加,炭黑/橡胶复合材料的热导率逐步增加;炭黑/橡胶复合材料的热导率与炭黑的结构性及形态有关;在低填充份数2%～25%范围内,用Maxwell模型预测N234发黑/橡胶及N134炭黑/橡胶两种复合材料的热导率与实验结果最为接近.     

PROTOTYPE HIGH TEMPERATURE/HIGH PRESSURE KILN FOR THE EVALUATION OF WOOD DRYING SCHEDULES

A new laboratory kiln was developed and built to perform over a very wide range of drying conditions. For example, the dry bulb temperature can vary from 30°C to 150°C and the dew point can be adjusted between 20°C and 130°C. Obviously, with such a high level of dew point, pressures over atmospheric pressure may be induced inside the chamber. For this reason, the kiln has been designed to withstand pressure of up to 3 bars. This kiln can also perform vacuum drying.

A programmable controller allows the temperature levels to be maintained within ± 0.2°C. Because the whole kiln can be heated only through the agitated water present at the bottom of the kiln, the load temperature can be increased up to 130°C in saturated conditions, without any change of moisture content.

The kiln has various sensors attached and is capable of withstanding severe conditions (high temperature, saturated vapour and elevated pressures). At present, air and water temperatures as well as temperature at different locations within the board can be collected during the drying process. A load cell and pressure gauges are also available. The first tests performed using this equipment are presented at the end of the paper.     

PROTOTYPE HIGH TEMPERATURE/HIGH PRESSURE KILN FOR THE EVALUATION OF WOOD DRYING SCHEDULES

ABSTRACT

A new laboratory kiln was developed and built to perform over a very wide range of drying conditions. For example, the dry bulb temperature can vary from 30°C to 150°C and the dew point can be adjusted between 20°C and 130°C. Obviously, with such a high level of dew point, pressures over atmospheric pressure may be induced inside the chamber. For this reason, the kiln has been designed to withstand pressure of up to 3 bars. This kiln can also perform vacuum drying.

A programmable controller allows the temperature levels to be maintained within ± 0.2°C. Because the whole kiln can be heated only through the agitated water present at the bottom of the kiln, the load temperature can be increased up to 130°C in saturated conditions, without any change of moisture content.

The kiln has various sensors attached and is capable of withstanding severe conditions (high temperature, saturated vapour and elevated pressures). At present, air and water temperatures as well as temperature at different locations within the board can be collected during the drying process. A load cell and pressure gauges are also available. The first tests performed using this equipment are presented at the end of the paper.     

醇+1,2-二氯乙烷、醇+环己酮二元体系热导率的测定和推算

采用瞬态热丝法液体热导率测量装置测定 10种醇 (甲醇、乙醇、正丙醇、异丙醇、正丁醇、异丁醇、仲丁醇、叔丁醇、正戊醇和异戊醇 )分别与 1,2 -二氯乙烷、环己酮组成的 2 0个二元体系在常压、 30℃和不同组成时的热导率 ,测量误差± 0 .7% .用文献中 5种热导率方程对所测液体的热导率做了推算 ,将计算值与实测结果做了比较 ,并进行了讨论     

高导热石墨材料微观结构与其导热性能的关系研究

考察了以膨胀石墨为原料制备的高导热炭材料（高导热石墨块、高导热石墨片）与以中间相沥青为原料制备的高导热炭材料（高导热石墨膜）在微观结构及导热性能上的差异。研究表明：由中间相沥青为原料制备的高导热石墨膜的石墨化度较高、La和Lc更大。高结晶石墨块、高导热石墨片、高导热石墨膜的热导率由高到低的顺序为：高导热石墨膜〉高导热石墨块〉高导热石墨片。     

非晶态SiCN陶瓷的高温电导率

采用直流电流电压测试方法,测定了热裂解前驱体方法制得的SiCN非晶态陶瓷在室温至1373K范围内的直流电导率。结果表明:电导率从室温时的9.6×10-9(Ω·cm)-1增加到1373K时的1.62×10-3(Ω·cm)-1。用Mott模型和Arrhenius法则对实验数据进行分析表明:扩展态、带尾局域态、缺陷局域态、Mott模型中的变程跃迁都对样品的电导率有影响。X射线衍射结果表明:1473K热处理的样品为非晶结构。红外吸收谱表明:样品中主要键合方式为Si—C,Si—N和C—N键,仅有少量的C—H、Si—H和C—O键出现。     

测定多孔性固体催化剂颗粒有效导热系数的新方法

提出了一种测定空气中催化剂有效导热系数的方法。该方法简便、易行,实验误差小于5％.在此基础之上用woodside随机分布模型计算了反应条件下催化剂有效导热系数。误差分析表明：该模型误差较小,完全可以用于工程计算。     

液体的导热系数与蒸发潜热及温度间的关系

提出了流体导热系数的自由体积模型,用方阱流体的分子动力学模拟结果验证了模型,获得满意的结果.将所得模型结合统计力学理论,导出了液体的导热系数与蒸发潜热间的关系,对40种有代表性的物质(569个点)的关联,误差仅为1.78%,最后得到关联导热系数与温度的两参数模型,对40种物质的关联结果表明,所得模型适用于直到临界点附近的宽广的温度范围,优于被认为较成功的Jamieson的两参数经验式.     

THERMAL CONDUCTlVlTY MEASUREMENTS ON WET PAPER SAMPLES AT HIGH TEMPERATURES

ABSTRACT

The effective thermal conductivity of a number of paper sheets was measured at high temperatures and various water contents. This was done by enclosing a pile of sheets between brass plates which were subjected to a sinussoidally varying temperature. The temperature variations at two positions in the pile were measured using thermocouples. From amplitude ratio and phase shift the conductivity was calculated. At low water contents, conductivity was proportional to the density of the paper and independent on temperature. At intermediate water contents, the conductivity increased markedly with temperature, attaining values higher than for pure water.     

EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF PARAMETERS AFFECTING NANOFLUID EFFECTIVE THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY

The present research reports nanofluid effective thermal conductivity enhancements (ETCE) using an accurate transient short hot wire method system. Preparation of nanofluids was carried out through a two-step method with highly powered pulses similar to that for nanoparticle dispersion in base fluids. Parameters affecting nanofluid heat conductivity such as concentration, sizes, and material of nanoparticle? type of base fluid, temperature, ultrasonic mixing time, and elapsed time after preparation were studied. In the present study, nanoparticles of Al, Al₂O₃, CuO, SnO₂, TiO₂, and SiO₂ with base fluids of water and ethylene glycol were used. Parameters like concentration, size, temperature, and the type of base fluid showed more noticeable effect on the effective thermal conductivity than the others, and mixing time had the least effect. The results showed that any increase in concentration and temperature, and also any decrease in size of nanoparticles and time elapsed after nanofluid preparation, leads to the ETCE of the nanofluid. However, the effects of nanoparticle material, base fluid, and mixing time on thermal conductivity of the nanofluid showed varying trends. Last, a number of mathematical models for prediction of thermal conductivity of nanofluids were applied.     

负压差散体颗粒无约束屈服强度实验测量方法

根据Ｇｅｌｄａｒｔ－Ａ类散体颗粒在移动床充气条件下气体均匀分布的特点，结合散体力学和两相流理论，提出理论模型并导出散体颗粒的无约束屈服强度与静态拱宽度的关系式，通过实验测量在负压差条件下与移动床立管联接的料斗中Ｇｅｌｄａｒｔ－Ａ类散体颗粒的静态拱宽度来计算其无约束屈服强度．对于Ｇｅｌｄａｒｔ－Ａ类散体颗粒，此方法的测量结果比Ｊｅｎｉｋｅ测量结果能更准确地描述散体颗粒的无约束屈服强度．     

AlN陶瓷的烧结致密化与导热性能

氮化铝陶瓷具有高热导率、低介电常数、与硅相匹配的热膨胀系数等优良特性,应用领域非常广泛。对A l N粉体的合成、烧结工艺、助烧结剂及其应用等方面进行了介绍,并对A l N未来的发展趋势进行了展望。