压电振动陀螺振动梁节点的有限元分析

采用有限元法分析了压电振动陀螺振梁的振动模态,利用ANSYS分析软件,通过建模、划分网格、加载和求解等途径,计算了不同结构的横振动矩形梁的最小振动位置,从而为该型陀螺结构支撑点的选取以及传感器最终性能参数的优化设计提供了有参考价值的数据。     

大型车载光电跟踪设备减振方法、仿真及实验

根据减振位置的不同可以同时采取多种减振方案。震源(发电机)处采用安装减震器的方法,来减小发电机对车体的激励力;通过合理的设计副车架,在振动传播过程中衰减振动;在目标处,可以把跟踪架和激光器安放到隔振平台上,隔振平台有空气弹簧和电磁作动器组成。通过仿真和实验分析,综合利用多种减振方法可以有效地衰减振动,同时保证了跟踪测量系统的正常工作。     

一种具有迈克耳逊结构的新型光时域反射仪

利用传输光纤中后向瑞利散射光携带有光纤位置、外界振动等信息的特点,采用光纤迈克耳逊结构构成干涉型光时域反射仪,有望以分布方式传感沿光纤的微小振动信号.文中设计了一种新型结构的分布式光纤振动传感器,该传感器用3dB耦合器将波长为1310nm的红外激光分为两路相干光:参考光和传感光,它们中的后向瑞利散射光在耦合器处发生干涉,干涉信号的变化点对应于振动点所在的位置.将没有振动信号、加微小振动信号和加损耗干扰三种情况分别作用于传感光纤并进行了试验对比.结果表明,在微小振动的情况下,光强变化微弱;加损耗时,光强变化显著,定位准确.     

航空发动机用光纤叶片振动传感探头的研制

主要介绍了一种制作光纤叶片振动传感器探头的新工艺,该工艺选用特殊的大芯径精密陶瓷插芯,采用了一种创新性的光纤定位技术,利用该工艺制作的光纤叶片振动传感探头经试验验证完全满足航空发动机叶片振动参数的测量要求.     

纵弯转换超声振动球面聚焦系统聚焦特性研究

该文提出了一种由夹心式纵振动换能器与带孔球壳组成的纵弯转换型球面聚焦系统。应用弹性力学的板壳振动理论和亥姆霍兹-基尔霍夫声场理论分析了新型聚焦系统的振动特征和声场聚焦特征,并通过实验进行了验证。研究结果表明,球壳弯曲振动的辐射声场具有显著的聚焦特性,焦点位置、声压强度、焦区形状受球壳曲率半径的影响。在结构一定的情况下,聚焦的特性受谐振频率的影响,高阶谐振频率的聚焦效果比低阶谐振频率好,但焦点声压低于低阶谐振频率。由于弯曲振动与气体介质的辐射阻抗匹配要好于纵向振动,因此这种新型聚焦系统具有更强的实际应用意义。     

Embedded explicit model predictive vibration control

This article presents an embedded active vibration suppression system featuring real-time explicit model predictive control (EMPC) that is implemented on a microcontroller unit (MCU). The EMPC controller minimizes the tip deflection of an aluminum cantilever beam driven by piezoceramic actuators, gaining its feedback from direct position measurements. The output and input performance of the EMPC method is compared to an analogously tuned positive position feedback (PPF) controller. An extensive analysis is provided on the cycle timing and memory needs of the explicit predictive vibration control scheme. The results demonstrate that the EMPC controller may achieve the same vibration suppression results compared to PPF with less input effort, while inherently respecting process constraints. Furthermore, we show that EMPC task execution timing is comparable in the random access memory (RAM) and read only memory (ROM) alternatives, suggesting that numerous current microcontrollers are suitable for EMPC-based active vibration control, in case the prediction model is kept simple.     

某雷达液压调平振动仿真分析

某型号雷达液压自动调平系统调试过程中,液压缸回缩时,常常会产生剧烈振动,导致调平时间延长.通过仿真,结果表明液压缸活塞杆回缩过程中,活塞杆位移突变从而引起振动.改变活塞在液压缸中的初始位置,振动幅度也随之改变.对液压系统压力、流量和活塞位移等参数综合分析表明:为了改善调平系统的性能,在自动调平的过程中,可以改变活塞杆回缩的控制策略,通过向高点靠齐外伸活塞杆就可以避免振动产生.     

振动环境下的快速反射镜精跟踪系统

以快速反射镜和位置敏感探测器为主要功能模块设计了光束精跟踪系统,并在模拟振动扰动的环境中对系统性能进行了测试.实验结果证明了该系统可有效补偿由机械振动等引起的跟踪误差,验证了该方案的可行性.简要总结了该系统所需解决的主要问题,并提出了改进方案.     

基于激光位移传感器的3维位置测量算法研究

为了实现空间高微重力主动隔振系统反馈控制回路设计,采用6个激光位移传感器对隔振平台上3个正交的定位面的位移进行测量,实现对其3维位置和姿态的解算,并给出了推导过程,通过数值仿真,实验验证了有效性,同时对于解算过程中的误差来源与其对解算结果的影响进行了分析,给出了误差影响因素与解算误差之间的关系。结果表明,此3维位置和姿态的解算算法能够准确地解算出隔振平台的3维位置和姿态,且理论解算误差在30μm以内。此研究对基于位移测量的反馈控制回路设计有一定的实用价值和发展前景。     

具有振动免疫特性光学谐振腔设计方法研究

窄线宽稳频激光是研制光学原子钟、引力波探测、 光学频率合成器以及低噪声微波源等研究的核心部分,由振动噪声引起的频率噪声已成为实 现具有更窄线宽、更高频率稳定度 激光的主要限制性因素。本文利用Ansys有限元分析的方法,通过优化参考腔的切割深度和 支撑位置以及ULE环的尺寸,使得腔镜在振动作用下保持平行同时腔镜各点均具有较低的振 动敏感度,避免了由于装配误差引起腔长变化的问题。在对光学参考腔几何尺寸优化设计后,对光学谐振腔不同频率处的振动敏感度进行测试及分析,结果表明在最佳支撑位置下空间三轴方向的振动敏感度均可被抑制至 10－10 g－1量级,实验结果和仿真结果相吻合。此方法为振动免 疫结构腔体的设计提供了一种思路,也为进一步实现具有更高频率稳定度、更窄线宽激光奠 定了基础。     

时变质量梁系统的振动主动控制研究

为了保证机械臂运动的高精度、准定位,采用主动控制技术降低结构的干扰振动是一项迫切而紧急的任务。该文以含变质量构件的弹性梁系统为对象,开展变质量弹性结构的振动特性研究和振动主动控制研究。使用模态叠加法推导了粘贴有压电片的变质量-柔性梁组合结构的控制方程,通过仿真获得变质量弹性梁系统的振动特性和运动规律。然后设计反馈控制器对质量增大系统和质量减小系统进行了振动主动控制,并采用时频分析技术分析了控制效果。仿真结果表明,变化的质量在引起系统振动频率改变的同时,还引起了一个附加的阻尼。在变质量时变系统的共振频率区间,通过反馈控制可有效抑制结构的振动。     

Sensorless parameter estimation of electromagnetic transducer considering eddy currents

This paper presents a method of estimating the parameters of an electromagnetic transducer without sensors. The proposed method utilizes the measured admittance of the electromagnetic transducer, and therefore position, velocity, and/or acceleration sensors are not necessary in this framework. Novel impedance models are proposed based on the basic physical principles of electromagnetics; in particular, the effect of eddy currents has been included in these proposed models. The validity of the proposed estimation method and models was experimentally demonstrated by comparing the parameter estimation and vibration control capabilities of the proposed models with three conventional models.     

Position-sensorless drive of linear pulse motor for suppressingtransient vibration

The linear pulse motor (LPM) has been widely used because of its simple structure and easy control without the use of feedback. However, degradation of the response performance occurs, resulting from the transient vibration which is inherent in the LPM. The fastest way to suppress the vibration is to close the control loop using the position feedback sensor, However, the straightforward use of such a sensor feedback leads to higher cost and complicated configuration, sacrificing the structural advantage of the LPM. Therefore, the authors propose a Kalman filter-based sensorless control for suppressing the transient vibration. In this proposed control method, the LPM mover position and speed are optimally estimated using an extended Kalman filter applied to the nonlinear state equations of excitation winding circuits. The effectiveness of this method is confirmed by experiments on a prototype LPM control system using a digital signal processor     

天线振动对数字无线通信系统影响机制研究

振动会造成天线相对位置变化,产生干扰信号,导致通信质量下降.基于振动天线辐射理论模型,定量分析了四进制相移键控(quadrature phase shift keying,QPSK)系统天线振动对通信性能的影响,推导了QPSK系统天线在振动条件下系统误符率(symbol error rate,SER)公式,并通过计算机...     

Improved track following in magnetic disk drives using adisturbance observer

Improving the position control of the disk drive read/write heads is an important step in increasing the storage capacity of a drive, especially in the presence of internal and external disturbances. To address this problem, the typical feedback loop of a disk drive servo system was augmented with a disturbance observer. The disturbance observer uses the position error signal and a nominal model of the plant to create an estimate of the disturbance. This estimate is then used to compensate for the disturbance effects. No additional sensors are required, which is particularly relevant in products such as disk drives where cost is a major concern. The effectiveness of the disturbance observer in rejecting shock and vibration disturbances is demonstrated in simulation and shake table experiments. The vibration experiments showed a decrease in the position error of 61%-96% at frequencies below 100 Hz. The maximum position error due to an experimental shock disturbance was decreased by 59%. The effects of noise in the position error signal are also discussed     

音叉式石英晶振谐振频率的非电学快速测量方法

设计了声激励和光激励两种非电学快速测量音叉式石英晶振谐振频率的方法。不同于传统的电激励测量法,在外部激励源激发音叉振动同时,使用一束探测光把音叉振臂的振动信号转化成光强变化信号,从而避免了在测量中压电效应的使用。在声激励实验中,对比了不同的声波发生器和有无导声管的激励效果,优化了声波激发位置;在光激励实验中,研究优化了光束激发的位置。     

Vibration-free position control for a two degrees of freedom flexible-beam sensor

This work presents a position control for a two degree of freedom flexible-beam made of a composite material, whose aim is to control the tip of the flexible-beam by decreasing the vibration when the beam moves. A mechatronic unit that uses a multi-axis force/torque sensor has been specially designed and we propose to control the system by using a reduced dynamic model. The control method makes use of an inner-loop to control the position of two servo-motors, by means of PID regulators, and an outer-loop that cancels the tip vibration. Moreover, the closed-loop motor dynamics has been reduced by using a series connection of filters that invert its dynamics. The motor controllers have proved to be fast and precise, and cancel the non-modelled components of the motor friction without the need for a previous estimation. The flexible-beam vibration has been controlled by implementing an input-state feedback linearisation which includes compensation terms for the nonlinear beam dynamics, a linear feedback control law and a full state estimator. The experimental validation of the complete control method showed a significant trajectory tracking of the tip, while vibrations were prevented.     

An experimental study on improving hybrid position/force control of a robot using time delay control

Robot position/force control has been a difficult task owing to the interaction between a robot and the environment. In addition to the dynamic instability, the interaction causes the following problems: (1) the dynamic coupling effect of the robot; (2) positional disturbance due to the uncertain surface of the environment with which the robot is in contact; and (3) vibration at steady state. To solve these problems, time delay control (TDC), well known for its robustness to plant uncertainties and disturbances, has been used as a baseline control law for hybrid control. In conjunction with TDC, the following three ideas were also used. (i) To reduce the dynamic coupling, a more accurate mass matrix was used instead of the constant mass matrix. (ii) To reject positional disturbance from the environment, force derivatives instead of position derivatives were used in the TDC law. (iii) Finally, to reduce the amplitude of the vibration at steady state, a novel scheme was adopted to enhance the resolution of A/D conversion for the force sensor. Experiments showed obvious improvements in the quality of the hybrid control, thereby clearly demonstrating the effectiveness of TDC with the proposed ideas.     

一种用于振动测量的全光纤传感器

振动的研究和测试是现代工业发展的一项基础,在振动测试领域,研制一种测量精度高、调试方便、数据处理快的绝对计量系统具有重要意义。本文中的全光纤传感器测试频率可以从零点一赫兹以下到数十仟赫,测试加速度可>105g。该系统采用光纤耦合器和单模光纤构造干涉光路,通过干涉光在系统中的正反传输时,由于振动源对干涉光束反射时的位置不同,形成了系统的干涉,从而进行振动位移,速度和加速度测试。而且这种新型结构的全光纤干涉系统能够消除干扰信号,提高测量精度和系统的稳定性。本文主要介绍了该系统的工作原理及其在超低频振动测试和冲击波测试中的应用。     

Inertial vibration damping control of a flexible base manipulator

A rigid (micro) robot mounted serially to the tip of a long flexible (macro) robot is often used to increase the reach capability, but flexibility in the macro-manipulator can make it susceptible to vibration. A rigid manipulator attached to a flexible but unactuated base was considered as an analogous problem. The interaction forces and torques acting at the base of the robot are used to damp the vibration. Appropriate control gain limits are established to ensure the inertia effects, or those directly due to accelerating the links of the rigid robot, have the greatest influence on the interactions. By commanding the link accelerations out of phase with the base velocity, vibrational energy will be removed from the system. This signal is then added to the rigid robot position controller, providing combined rigid robot position and vibration control of the base.