Tribological behavior of AISI302 austenitic stainless steel modified by elevated temperature nitrogen plasma immersion ion implantation

AISI302 stainless steel samples were modified by elevated temperature nitrogen plasma immersion ion implantation at temperature ranging from 330 ℃ to 450 ℃. The tribological behaviors of the implanted layers of the samples were investigated. The samples were characterized by Auger electron spectroscopy (AES), glancing angle X-ray diffraction (GXRD), and nanoindentation. The results show that the implantation temperature plays an important rule on the microstructure and surface properties of the implanted layers. The thickness of the modified layer implanted at 390 ℃ is about 9 μm. It is improved about two orders compared with that of the implanted at room temperature. The surface nanohardness and the wear resistance of elevated temperature implanted layers increase significantly, and the friction coefficient decreases obviously in comparison with the unimplanted one. These data suggests that the improvement results from the formation of new phases such as ε-(Fe, Cr, Ni)2 xN, or noncrystal phase.     

聚苯醚金属离子注入改性层的硬度和磨擦学性能

为研究离子注入技术对聚苯醚（PPO）的表面硬度和耐磨性的提高效果,分别将3种剂量（2×1015 cm－2、1×1016 cm－2和1×1017 cm－2）的Al、Ti 、Fe离子注入PPO。纳米硬度测量显示,1×1016 cm－2 Ti离子注入PPO后其硬度由0.369 GPa增至1.433 GPa,离子注入使PPO表面形成一层交联层,导致其硬度提高。磨损实验表明,3种离子注入后均可使PPO的耐磨性提高,摩擦因数下降;其中1×1016 cm－2 Ti离子注入PPO的磨损体积降为原来的0.4%,摩擦因数下降了40％。红外光谱分析表明,离子注入后PPO表面形成羟基和羰基等新的基团,羟基的形成主要与表面微量吸水有关。电子自旋共振(ESR)分析显示离子注入可以形成自由基,离子注入诱发交联的方式主要为自由基交联。     

Tribological properties of 2024 aluminum alloy plasma-based ion implanted with nitrogen then titanium

1　INTRODUCTIONOwingtolowdensityandhighspecificstrength ,aluminumanditsalloysareextensivelyusedinmanyfields ,especiallyinaviationandspaceindustry .Butlowhardnessandlowwearresistanceoftenlimittheirengineeringapplications .Surfacemodificationforalu minumanditsalloysbyionimplantationoffersthepossibilityofwideningtheirapplicationswherehighwearresistanceandlowdensityarerequired[15] .Sincenitrogenionisconvenienttoobtainandeasytocontrol,andAlNhasexcellentmechanicalproperties ,nitrogenionimplant…     

Tribological properties and hardness of silicon nitride ceramics after ion implantation and subsequent annealing

Silicon nitride ceramic (β-Si₃N₄) with Y₂O₃ and Al₂O₃ as sintering additives was implanted with Cr or Ti ions to a fluence of 10¹⁷ cm⁻² at energies ranging from 200 keV to 2 MeV. Changes in the phase composition in the near surface layer due to the implantation and subsequent annealing at 1000 and 1200 °C and their correlation with the behaviour of hardness and wear were investigated. Implantation results in amorphization of the near surface layer, which is buried for MeV implantations. For Ti-implanted samples, annealing leads to oxidation, resulting in the formation of γ-YSi₂O₇ and cristobalite besides the β-Si₃N₄. In the case of Cr implantation with MeV energies, the amorphous layer recrystallizes to -Si₃N₄ already at 1000 °C catalyzed by the chromium. This causes a significant suppression of the oxidation. Consequently, the hardness and the tribological behaviour of Ti- and Cr-implanted samples, respectively, are affected differently by the annealing process. For chromium, the improved wear behaviour due to the high-energy implantation remains after annealing while the reduced hardness as result of the amorphized surface is partly recovered. For titanium, the oxide formation leads to a poorer hardness and tribological behaviour.     

N / Ti / Al 离子注入 304 不锈钢的耐磨性

目的研究N,Ti,Al离子注入对304不锈钢耐磨性的影响规律,为304不锈钢材料的改良提供参考。方法采用等离子注入技术,在不同剂量下对304不锈钢分别进行N,Ti,Al离子注入,对离子注入后的试样进行表面微观形貌观测、表面硬度测试、摩擦磨损性能测试,并与304不锈钢基材进行对比。结果 304不锈钢经3种离子注入后,均能获得平整、致密,没有裂纹,具有一定光洁度的表面组织,但是注入剂量增大会引起表面起泡现象,形成多孔形貌,光洁度降低。此外,3种离子注入均能提高304不锈钢的表面硬度,且高剂量注入试样的硬度比低剂量注入试样更高,相较而言,N离子注入使表面硬度的提高更明显。相比未注入基材,注N与注Ti表面层的摩擦系数均变小,注Al表面层的摩擦系数反而变大,但磨损量都明显降低。高剂量注N、注Al试样的耐磨性均高于低剂量注入试样,而高剂量注Ti试样的耐磨性低于低剂量注入试样,但仍好于注N、注Al试样。结论在相同实验条件与注入工艺下,N离子注入对表面硬度提高最显著(剂量为5.0×1017ions/cm2),约提高41%;Ti离子注入对耐磨性提高最显著(剂量为3.0×1017ions/cm2),约提高6倍。     

AlCrBN/AlCrSiN纳米晶多层复合涂层的制备及其性能

目的制备高硬度、高耐磨性、自润滑及高热稳定性的AlCrBN/AlCrSiN纳米晶多层复合涂层,探索涂层的微观结构、力学性能、耐磨性能及高温热稳定性能。方法采用多弧离子镀技术在WC-Co硬质合金以及不锈钢基底上,制备AlCrBN/AlCrSiN多层纳米晶复合涂层。采用扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射、透射电子显微镜、纳米压痕仪等设备,对涂层在不同温度(600~1000℃)下退火前后的表面形貌、微观结构、力学性能、耐磨性能进行系统研究。结果AlCrSiN/AlCrBN涂层为典型的纳米晶复合多层结构,涂层主要由fcc-AlCrN纳米晶镶嵌在非晶的SiNx和BNx中并形成多层结构。涂层具有优异的热稳定性能,其结构能够保持到800℃不发生变化,当温度增加到900℃时,涂层发生调幅分解,形成c-AlN、hcp-AlN和Cr2N等复合结构,在1000℃退火后,涂层结构基本稳定,仍能检测到CrN相。涂层纳米硬度及平均摩擦因数分别为29.15 GPa和0.67。结论AlCrSiN/AlCrBN涂层具有优异的力学性能、耐磨性能及高温热稳定性能,在800℃以下保持稳定,在1000℃退火后仍能保持较高的硬度及良好的耐磨性能,在高速切削刀具中具有良好的应用前景。     

纯钛表面激光熔覆铁基耐磨涂层结构及摩擦学性能(英文)

利用激光熔覆技术在纯钛表面制备铁基涂层。用 XRD、SEM、TEM分析涂层的相组成和晶体结构。在UMT-2MT摩擦磨损试验机上对铁基涂层在不同载荷和不同滑动速度下的摩擦磨损性能进行测试。用SEM和3D表面轮廓仪分析铁基涂层磨损后的表面形貌和磨屑形貌。结果表明:钛表面激光熔覆制备的铁基涂层的显微硬度约为860HV0.2,具有优异的耐磨性能,磨损率为(0.70～2.32)×10-6mm3/(N·m),可以显著提高纯钛基材的耐磨性能;涂层的磨损机理为轻微的磨粒磨损和粘着磨损。     

真空退火处理对掺Cr类石墨碳膜力学和摩擦学性能的影响

采用闭合场非平衡磁控溅射离子镀技术制备了掺Cr类石墨镀层,研究了真空退火温度对镀层的硬度、结合强度、摩擦系数和比磨损率的影响规律,通过X射线衍射(XRD)分析了镀层结构随退火温度的变化.结果表明:随退火温度的升高,镀层有新相生成,镀层的膜基结合强度降低,镀层硬度随温度的升高先增加后降低,退火温度为500℃时,镀层显微硬度最大;随退火温度的升高镀层摩擦系数呈现出先降低后升高的变化趋势,比磨损率逐渐增大.     

球墨铸铁轧辊表面镍基激光合金化层及其磨损性能

采用激光合金化技术在球墨铸铁QT600-3表面制备镍基合金强化层,通过XRD、SEM和摩擦磨损试验等研究了不同激光扫描速率对合金化层物相、微观结构、力学性能、常温和高温摩擦学性能的影响,并使用Raman光谱仪对磨痕进行分析。结果表明:Ni合金化层与基体冶金结合好、显微硬度高(高达720 HV0.1)、高温摩擦因数低至0.305、高温磨损率低至7.55×10^-6 g·N^-1·m^-1。随着扫描速率的增加,显微组织更加致密,显微硬度先升高后降低,700 ℃耐磨性能提高,但合金化层裂纹率增加。高温摩擦磨损过程中,合金化层的磨损机制以磨粒磨损为主,同时还存在疲劳磨损和氧化磨损。同时,扫描速率的增加可细化晶粒和提高显微硬度。而Ni合金化层表面在高温摩擦过程中形成的氧化产物和碳化物在高温下会对提高其耐磨性能产生积极作用。     

Effect of Thermal Annealing on Tribological and Corrosion Properties of DLC Coatings

In this study, the mechanical, tribological, and corrosion properties of annealed diamond-like carbon (DLC) coatings on M2 steel with various annealing temperatures were investigated. The results indicated that DLC coating on M2 steel annealed at 500 °C had the worst performance. Both corrosion polarization resistance and wear resistance against ceramic alumina counterface of DLC coatings decreased with increasing annealing temperature, which can be due to the decline of the coating hardness after the thermal treatment. When sliding against aluminum counterface material, the DLC annealed at 600 °C had the lowest coefficient of friction (cof) and wear resistance due to its high graphitic structure and low hardness. Compared with the original coating, cofs increased for coatings treated at below 300 °C; however, further increasing the annealing temperature led to the decrease of the cofs. Little material attachment occurred between DLC coatings (original and annealed) and counterface materials (both alumina and aluminum balls) except for the DLC annealed at 600 °C, in which coating material transferred to the surface of counterface ball.     

Aluminum ion beam surface modification of elastic metallic-plastic pads for improving tribological properties

1INTRODUCTION Theelasticmetallic plasticpads(EMP)arewidelyusedinverticalelectricmachinesofhydro powerplants.ThesurfacematerialofEMPis PTFE.ThePTFEhaslowfrictioncoefficientand excellentinsulativity,butthestrength,hardnessandwear resistantpropertiesarenotsatisfacto ry[1].Inordertoimprovethestrength,hardness andwear resistantcharacterofPTFE,somephysi calcomminglingmethodsareused[24].Inrecentyears,therehasbeenever increasing interestinthesurfacemodificationofpolymerstoimprovetheirchemi…     

Tribological performance of ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene sliding against DLC-coated and nitrogen ion implanted CoCrMo alloy measured in a hip joint simulator

The influence on the tribological properties in a modified metal‐on‐polymer (CoCrMo/UHMWPE) articulation should be tested with DLC coated or N⁺ ion implanted into artificial hip joint heads. For this a diamond like carbon (DLC) film was deposited on a CoCrMo artificial hip joint head by filtered cathodic vacuum arc technique (FCVA) with a thickness of approximately 600 nm. Alternatively nitrogen ions were implanted into the CoCrMo artificial hip joint head by plasma immersion ion implantation (PIII) technology. Before wear tests, the surface morphology and topography of unmodified, DLC coated and N⁺ implanted CoCrMo heads were investigated by optical microscopy (OM) and stylus profilometry. Then a MTS hip joint simulator was used to characterize the tribological properties of the artificial hip joint implants. The wear loss of UHMWPE cup and wear morphology of both the CoCrMo head and UHMWPE cup were investigated after hip joint simulator wear tests. The results showed that the DLC film deposited on the CoCrMo joint head by FCVA method had excellent tribological properties and didn't fail during two million wear cycles while the N⁺ implanted layer formed on the CoCrMo head was damaged during the wear test. Compared with sliding against unmodified CoCrMo head, the UHMWPE cup had a higher wear rate when sliding against DLC coated or N⁺ implanted CoCrMo head. In our opinion, only applying the surface modification (DLC film or N⁺ implantation) on the CoCrMo head could not improve the wear resistance of metal‐on‐polymer (CoCrMo/UHMWPE) articulation for artificial hip joint implant.     

CrxTiyOz结构与其摩擦学性能相关性研究

目的通过研究表明与Magnéli相相似的Ti(n-2)Cr2O(2n-1)相当6≤n≤9时,在宽温域环境下具有优异的摩擦学性能,并深入探索这种双金属氧化物结构与力学性能和摩擦学性能之间的关系。方法利用多弧离子镀技术设计制备了不同CrxTiyOz结构的双金属氧化物薄膜,研究了退火处理前后,不同结构对薄膜力学性能和摩擦学性能的影响。结果随着Ti含量的降低,原始薄膜中大颗粒的数量和尺寸减少,膜基结合力先增加后降低,摩擦系数变化幅度不明显,约为0.3,磨损率为3×10-8 mm3/(N·m)。退火处理后,薄膜的结晶度提高,随着Ti含量的降低,薄膜硬度增大,膜基结合力提高,摩擦系数和磨损率逐渐减小。结论退火处理后的薄膜如Ti含量过高,会生成Cr2Ti4O11、Cr Ti O3和Cr_2O_3复合相,从而结构变疏松,力学性能和摩擦学性能变差。     

氮离子注入9Cr18Mo不锈钢的表面结构与力学性能

针对9Cr18Mo马氏体不锈钢,检测了氮离子注入前后表面纳米硬度和摩擦磨损性能,分析了注入后9Cr18Mo钢的表面组织结构和化学组成.结果显示,氮离子注入有效提高了材料的表面硬度,降低了摩擦系数和磨损的同时,没有改变材料表面形貌和粗糙度.表面氮注入层分为两层:表面20 nm深度内除金属氮化物及氮过饱和固溶体强化相外,还富集大量碳原子,其主要存在方式为CrxCy相;次表面层主要为金属氮化物.氮离子注入后9Cr18Mo不锈钢表面形成的新的组织结构是其具有良好力学性能的根本原因.     

Ag和Ta离子双注入改善Ti6Al4V合金耐磨性能

采用Ag和Ta离子双注入对医用Ti6Al4V合金进行表面改性, 即以Ag离子1.0×10¹⁷ cm^-2 先注入、以Ta离子1.5×10¹⁷ cm^-2 后注入合金样品表面. 采用纳米力学探针研究离子注入前、后Ti6Al4V样品表面硬度随压入深度的变化, 利用多功能摩擦磨损试验机分析离子注入前、后样品的耐磨性, 利用XRD和XPS研究样品表面的物相组成和元素化合态. 结果表明, 离子注入后样品磨损量降低了77%. 耐磨损性能的明显改善归因于样品硬度增加, 磨损开始阶段保持低摩擦系数的时间较长和离子注入后合金固溶强化.     

激光扫描速度对球墨铸铁热轧辊表面铁基合金化层组织性能的影响

采用激光合金化技术在球墨铸铁QT600-3表面制备铁基合金化层,采用扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)、Raman光谱仪、显微硬度计和高温摩擦磨损试验等方法研究了不同激光扫描速度对铁基合金化层物相、微观结构、力学性能、常温和高温摩擦学性能的影响。研究结果表明,铁基合金化层与基体冶金结合良好、显微硬度高(高达830 HV0.1)、高温摩擦因数低至0.28、高温磨损率低至2.41×10^-6 g·N^-1·m^-1。合金化层显微组织为奥氏体树枝晶+共晶碳化物,且随着扫描速度增加,组织逐渐细化,合金化层平均厚度减小,裂纹率升高,显微硬度先增加后减小,高温耐磨性能逐渐提高。铁基合金化层的高温磨损机制以磨粒磨损为主,同时还存在着疲劳磨损和氧化磨损。     

脉冲偏压对直流磁控溅射沉积MoN薄膜结构及性能的影响

MoN薄膜是一种具有潜在应用价值的薄膜材料,但对于其结构和性能的研究还较少。采用直流磁控溅射技术在304不锈钢基体表面沉积MoN薄膜,研究了脉冲偏压对MoN薄膜结构和性能的影响,并系统研究了MoN薄膜在不同摩擦条件下的摩擦磨损行为。采用X射线衍射仪和扫描电镜分析薄膜的晶相结构、晶粒尺寸、表面及断面形貌,采用HMV-2T显微硬度仪测试薄膜的显微硬度。采用UMT-TriboLab多功能摩擦磨损试验机评价薄膜的摩擦磨损性能,并用扫描电镜观察磨损表面,分析其磨损机制。结果表明：脉冲偏压显著影响直流磁控沉积的MoN薄膜的晶相结构、表面形貌、断面结构、硬度和摩擦磨损性能;随脉冲偏压的增大,MoN薄膜的膜厚、硬度都先增大后减小,而薄膜的磨损率却先减小后增大,其中-500 V脉冲偏压下沉积的MoN薄膜具有最高硬度为7731 N/mm²,以及最低的磨损率为5.8×10^-7 mm³/（N·m）。此外,MoN薄膜在不同载荷和转速的摩擦条件下表现出不同的摩擦学行为。     

Ti6Al4V合金表面离子注入N+C,Ti+N和Ti+C性能研究

采用等离子体基离子注入的方法在Ti6Al4V合金表面分别注入N+C、Ti+N和Ti+C元素,注入剂量均为2×1017 ions/cm2,N+C和Ti+N元素的注入负脉冲偏压为-50 kV,Ti+C元素的注入电压分别为-20 kV、-35 kV和-50 kV。通过X射线光电子能谱仪（XPS）和X射线衍射仪（XRD）对注入层进行了微观结构分析,结果表明：Ti+C注入层中存在TiC和Ti-O,Ti+N注入层中存在TiN和Ti-O键。采用纳米压痕仪和球盘磨损试验机对注入层的硬度和摩擦学性能进行了研究。结果表明：在相同注入电压下,Ti+C注入层的硬度最高,其次是Ti+N注入层,N+C注入层的硬度最低;Ti+C 注入层的硬度随着注入电压的增大而增大,最大硬度为11.2GPa。50kV注入层Ti+C具有最低的比磨损率,其值为6.7×10-5mm3/N.m,比磨损率较未处理Ti6Al4V基体下降了1 个数量级以上,表现出优异的耐磨损性能。     

Structure and tribological properties of modified layer on 2024 aluminum alloy by plasma-based ion implantation with nitrogen/titanium/carbon

1　INTRODUCTIONGoodmachinability ,lowdensityandhighspecif icstrengthmakealuminumanditsalloysextensivelybeusedinmanyindustries ,especiallyinaviationandspaceflightindustry .Howeverlowsurfacehardnessandlowwearresistanceoftenlimittheirengineeringapplications .Nitrogenionimplantationintoalu minumanditsalloysoffersthepossibilityofapplica tionswherebothhighwearresistanceandlowdensityarerequired[15] .Moreover ,ourpreviousinvestiga tion[6 ,7] presentedthatwhenaluminumalloywasim plantedwithnitrogen…     

Fretting wear behavior of nitrogen implanted Zircaloy-4 alloy

1　ＩＮＴＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＺｉｒｃａｌｏｙ 4ｉｓｃｏｍｍｏｎｌｙｕｓｅｄｆｏｒｆｕｅｌｃｌａｄｄｉｎｇｏｆｐｒｅｓｓｕｒｅｄｗａｔｅｒｒｅａｃｔｏｒｓ (ＰＷＲ ) ,ｂｅｃａｕｓｅｉｔｈａｓａｌｏｗｔｈｅｒｍａｌｎｅｕｔｒｏｎｃｒｏｓｓｓｅｃｔｉｏｎ ,ｅｘｃｅｌｌｅｎｔｃｏｒｒｏｓｉｏｎｒｅｓｉｓｔａｎｃｅ,ａｄｅｑｕａｔｅｓｔｒｅｎｇｔｈａｎｄ ｇｏｏｄｆｏｒｍａｂｉｌｉｔｙ .Ｉｎａｎｕｃｌｅａｒｒｅａｃｔｏｒｈｅａｔｇｅｎｅｒａｔｅｄｉｎｔｈｅｆｕｅｌｅｌｅｍｅｎｔｉｓｅｘｔｒａｃｔｅｄｂｙｐｕ…