考虑钢筋锈蚀的复合受扭混凝土箱梁时变承载力研究

对考虑钢筋锈蚀的复合受扭钢筋混凝土箱梁时变承载力进行研究。针对复合受扭混凝土箱梁中混凝土开裂面与钢筋斜交的情况,推导了综合考虑钢筋混凝土粘结滑移效应及正交配筋效应的钢筋修正本构模型。引入钢筋和混凝土材料的时变劣化模型,结合复合受扭钢筋混凝土箱梁的修正板-桁架模型,编制了复合受扭钢筋混凝土箱梁时变承载力的计算程序。与纯扭锈蚀构件和复合受扭构件的试验对比,验证了所提出钢筋修正本构模型的适用性较好。算例结果表明：在假定的一般大气环境和受力条件下,考虑钢筋锈蚀的复合受扭钢筋混凝土箱梁构件100年后抗扭强度降低约15%。     

等腰三角形空间桁架自由扭转理论分析和试验研究

为研究腹杆对称布置的等腰三角形空间桁架的抗扭性能,以经典的自由扭转理论为基础,根据自由扭转变形的特点对桁架扭转变形关系进行了简化。给出了桁架的扭心位置、弹性抗扭刚度和屈服扭矩的计算方法,并分析了桁架破坏的机理。为验证桁架抗扭性能的计算方法,进行了桁架的扭转试验,试验构件弹性抗扭刚度和屈服扭矩的计算值和试验值的误差均小于10%。运用有限元方法对试验构件和计算方法进行了模拟和验证。结果表明：该文方法的计算值、试验值和有限元分析数值符合良好,该文的研究为等腰三角形空间桁架自由扭转提供了一种实用计算方法。     

钢筋混凝土柱纯扭破坏尺寸效应数值分析

在地震作用下,钢筋混凝土柱时常会受到扭矩的作用,而扭矩的存在会改变钢筋混凝土柱的破坏模式。为探究钢筋混凝土柱纯扭破坏的尺寸效应行为,采用三维细观数值模拟方法,考虑了混凝土细观组分的非均质性及钢筋与混凝土间的粘结滑移作用,建立了钢筋混凝土柱的纯扭作用数值模型。模拟分析了结构尺寸、纵筋率、配箍率和截面形状对钢筋混凝土柱抗扭破坏的影响。结果表明：钢筋混凝土柱扭转破坏表现为脆性特征,名义抗扭强度表现出明显的尺寸效应;纵向配筋对扭转强度尺寸效应影响不大;方形截面柱比圆形截面柱具有更强的尺寸效应;箍筋可以提高扭转强度,且可以削弱名义抗扭强度的尺寸效应。最后,修正了Ba?ant尺寸效应律,建立了全结构尺寸范围内的名义抗扭强度预测公式。     

碳纤维加固复合受力钢筋混凝土箱梁的应力分析

对碳纤维加固复合受力的钢筋混凝土箱梁进行应力分析。针对扭剪比较大的矩形箱梁构件,在斜压场理论的基础上,考虑混凝土软化的影响,提出了弯剪扭复合受力下碳纤维加固钢筋混凝土箱梁受力分析的计算理论,推导了相应的计算公式,编制了相应的计算机程序,并对4根碳纤维加固复合受力钢筋混凝土箱梁抗扭性能试验模型进行了数值分析。通过理论计算值与试验测试值的对比分析可以看出,各箱梁试件单位长度扭转角的试验测试值与理论计算值的比值的平均值为0.846~1.064,均方差为0.071~0.177;各箱梁试件底部纵筋应变的试验测试值与理论计算值的比值的平均值为0.946~0.997,均方差为0.051~0.093,即理论计算值与试验测试值吻合较好。由此得出结论,所建立的碳纤维加固钢筋混凝土箱梁受力分析的计算理论是合理可行的,能较好地反映碳纤维加固钢筋混凝土箱梁的复合受力情况。     

考虑扭转作用的钢管混凝土纤维梁模型

通过引入纤维梁截面的正应变平截面假定和剪应变线性分布假定, 根据美国学者Hsu 提出的转角软化桁架模型中的混凝土材料二维本构关系, 从基本的材料力学原理出发, 推导了可考虑扭转作用的钢管混凝土纤维梁单元的本构关系求解流程。基于大型通用有限元程序ABAQUS 提供的用户自定义子程序UEL, 采用FORTRAN语言开发了可考虑扭转作用的钢管混凝土纤维梁模型, 能够模拟钢管混凝土柱在轴力-弯矩-扭矩复合受力下的全过程力学行为, 并可考虑任意加载路径。该文所开发的纤维梁模型具有较高的精度和求解效率。     

圆钢管混凝土在自由扭转作用下扭矩-应变理论模型

为研究圆钢管混凝土在自由扭转下的扭矩-应变关系,将圆钢管混凝土在自由扭转下的全过程分为混凝土开裂前、钢管屈服前和钢管屈服后三个阶段.通过对不同阶段的钢管和混凝土受力状态和相互作用分析,以统一强度理论为基础推导出钢材和混凝土的抗剪强度,结合切应变与正应变的关系,钢材采用理想弹塑性本构关系,混凝土采用考虑软化效应的本构关系...     

FRP reinforced/prestressed concrete members: A torsional design model

The torsional design provisions of the Canadian standard S806 for fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) reinforced (RC) or prestressted (PC) concrete members are presented and their theoretical and empirical justifications are provided. The key parameters governing the nominal torsional strength are identified and their appropriate values for FRP-RC/PC members are specified. The accuracy of the method is evaluated by analyzing 27 FRP-RC/PC members tested under pure torsion by other investigators. The CSA method is able to reasonably predict the torsional strength of these beams. It is also shown that the cracking torque can be predicted using the formulas in the ACI and AASHTO LRFD codes without any modification. Some considerations with the statements of CNR-DT 203, fib 40, JSCE guidelines are also carried out.     

钢-OSB板T形截面带肋组合梁受弯性能研究

为研究型钢混凝土T形梁在纯扭和弯扭作用下的受力性能,以翼缘宽度、型钢含钢率、配箍率、翼缘纵筋直径及弯扭比为变化参数,设计并完成12根型钢混凝土T形梁的纯扭、弯扭静载试验。观察了试件的破坏过程,获取了试件的扭矩-扭率全过程曲线、开裂扭矩和极限扭矩等特征参数,深入分析了纯扭、弯扭作用下不同变化参数对型钢混凝土T形梁抗扭性能的影响规律,揭示了其抗扭破坏机理。结果表明：T形截面梁和矩形截面梁的破坏形态基本一致,其中钢筋混凝土梁呈现为脆性破坏,型钢混凝土梁呈现为延性破坏;T形试件翼缘、型钢和混凝土之间存在相互约束作用,翼缘和型钢大幅增强了试件的抗扭强度和延性;试件翼缘的最优高宽比为2.33;随着型钢含钢率的增大,试件的抗扭强度和延性呈增大趋势,平均提升幅度分别为30.99%、101.14%;试件的极限扭矩随着弯扭比的增大而增大,平均提高了7.86%。最后,提出了型钢混凝土T形梁的开裂扭矩和极限扭矩计算方法,所得计算结果与试验结果吻合良好。

     

Shear behavior model for steel fiber-reinforced concrete members without transverse reinforcements

Due to the complex shear mechanism of steel fiber-reinforced concrete (SFRC) members, there is lack of comprehensive shear behavior models for SFRC members. The shear behavior model, based on a smeared crack model, requires the tensile stress–strain constitutive equation of SFRC membrane subjected to biaxial stresses. After SFRC panel tests under biaxial stresses were recently conducted, it has been possible to create a more complete smeared crack model for estimating the shear behavior of SFRC members. It is, however, very difficult to conduct such experiments for different types of steel fibers, various amount of steel fibers, different ranges of concrete strengths, etc. Thus, in this study, steel fibers are modeled as average direct tensile contribution elements in a modified smeared crack truss model, considering directionality and distribution of fibers. In this way, only simple bond tests are required to reflect the effects of different characteristics of SFRC. In addition, the shear contribution of steel fibers can be obtained considering the bond failure of steel fibers. The proposed model was compared to the test results of 8 SFRC panels and 80 SFRC beams, and the shear behavior of the SFRC members was well estimated.     

钢筋混凝土柱纯扭破坏尺寸效应数值分析

纤维增强聚合物(FRP)筋作为非腐蚀材料替代钢筋已成为解决锈蚀问题的创新方案,被应用于预应力结构、海洋平台、沿海码头和长期处于浸蚀性化学环境的构件中。关于FRP筋混凝土构件的纯扭承载力设计方法只有加拿大规范CSA S806-12提出,且以借鉴现有的钢筋混凝土构件纯扭承载力计算公式的形式给出,考虑了FRP筋与钢筋间材料力学参数的区别。该文通过已验证了的三维细观数值模拟方法,研究了最大横截面宽度为1000 mm的FRP筋混凝土柱纯扭破坏行为,揭示了其名义抗扭强度尺寸效应规律。基于模拟数据,对比了现有的FRP筋混凝土构件纯扭承载力计算公式,并在中国规范GB 50010−2010关于钢筋混凝土构件纯扭承载力计算方法的基础上,提出了考虑尺寸效应影响的FRP筋混凝土构件纯扭承载力的计算方法。通过对比现有的试验数据,验证了所提公式的正确性和合理性。

     

钢箱-混凝土组合梁的扭转特性分析

钢箱—混凝土组合梁兼有实心和箱形截面杆件的特点,扭转时主要表现为纯扭转形式。通过分析其纯扭转应力函数的特点,提出了采用差分法、箱形截面简化法计算其纯扭转刚度。与纯扭转试验结果进行比较分析表明,差分数值方法计算结果与试验分析结果接近。此外数值计算分析表明,若混凝土所占面积不大,则忽略混凝土简化为箱形截面计算扭转刚度也能满足工程精度要求,且偏于安全。     

波形钢腹板PC组合箱梁纯扭作用下抗扭承载力试验研究

为了更好的了解波形钢腹板PC组合箱梁扭转力学机理及其抗扭承载力影响因素,该文通过模型试验的方法,对4根波形钢腹板PC组合箱梁模型进行纯扭作用下的承载力研究。通过偏心加载的方式对模型梁施加单调纯扭矩。试验结果表明：波形钢腹板PC组合箱梁在纯扭作用下,混凝土顶、底板裂缝方向与梁纵轴线基本成45°角;截面中心纵向钢筋对组合箱梁抗扭贡献不大;抗扭刚度与波形参数η成正比;钢腹板屈服扭矩与组合箱梁极限扭矩随着钢腹板厚度的增加而增大。     

Stress intensity factors for circumferential through‐wall cracks in thin‐walled cylindrical shells subjected to tension and torsion

In order to assess the structural integrity of tubular members or pipes containing circumferential through‐wall cracks, their stress intensity factor solutions are required. While stress intensity factors for tension and bending are available, few solutions exist for the case of torsion, even though these components may also be subjected to torque. In this paper, the finite element method is used to compute the stress intensity factors for this geometry under tension and torsion. Shell elements are employed to compute the results for thin shells by the means of the displacement extrapolation technique. The computed results indicate that the available analytical solution for torsional loading, which is based on shallow shell theory, is nonconservative for long cracks in thin shells. Shallow shell theory is in general not applicable to long cracks, and the present work is therefore able to provide solutions for a wider range of crack lengths than what is currently available.     

考虑压-拉薄膜效应的围框约束RC板极限抗力分

合理估算大变形条件下梁板构件的极限抗力,对工程设计计算具有重要意义。传统的RC （reinforced concrete）板极限抗力一般由小变形条件下的受压薄膜效应得到,然而RC板构件的灾变断裂大部分出现在大挠度阶段,因此考虑压-拉薄膜效应的极限抗力分析尤为重要。该文将RC板从加载到断裂全过程分为板端受压上升段、混凝土开裂下降段和钢筋拉伸上升段,根据正截面抗弯的钢筋混凝土弹塑性模型得到基于受压薄膜效应的荷载-挠度全曲线。利用经典的挠曲线微分方程并引入抗弯刚度软化系数对挠度进行修正,结合能量原理推导出大变形条件下基于受拉薄膜效应的RC板极限抗力,进一步得到考虑压-拉薄膜效应的荷载-挠度全曲线。计算结果表明,考虑压-拉薄膜效应的RC板极限抗力分析方法可以更合理地预测荷载-挠度全过程,计算结果与相关试验吻合良好,为合理评估RC板的极限承载力提供参考。     

“板—桁模型”计算预应力混凝土复合受力构件抗扭强度

弯、剪、扭复合受力下混凝土构件的受力特性非常复杂,准确计算构件的抗扭强度对构件的设计及工作性能的分析都非常重要。在钢筋混凝土构件的板-桁模型理论基础上,以预应力混凝土构件在复合受力下的板—桁模型理论为基础,以箱形截面预应力混凝土构件为例,由力及力矩的平衡、变形关系、材料本构关系及构件的破坏准则,建立了在小扭弯比情况下复合受力构件抗扭承载力的计算方法。所建立的计算模型及公式理论基础强、概念清晰,经试验值与理论计算值对比,符合情况较好,证实了板—桁模型理论分析复合受力构件抗扭性能的正确性。     

On the fracture behaviour of thin-walled SFRC roof elements

The paper presents an experimental and a numerical investigation on precast, prestressed reinforced concrete (RC) and steel fibre reinforced concrete (SFRC) roof elements. The element investigated has a complex geometry, because it is characterized by a thin-walled open cross-section and a long span. In order to reduce the total weight of the traditional RC element and favour an industrialized production process, the structure can be made of fibre reinforced concrete. This composite presents a significant toughness after cracking that can substitute the diffused reinforcement made of common steel-welded meshes, conserving the longitudinal prestressed reinforcement. The mechanical characterization of SFRC material has found recently a shared design approach that starts with the identification of the uniaxial tension constitutive law obtained from a standardized bent notched specimen. Nevertheless, for defined casting procedures of the structure, like in prefabrication, the identification of the uniaxial tension constitutive law can be performed by a four point bending tests on suitable unnotched specimens, able to take into account the effective fibre orientation in the structure and the real nominal thickness of the critical portion of the element. The latter two different experimental test procedures (on notched or unnotched specimens) lead to significant differences in the tension softening response. For this reason SFRC tension softening relations, coming from the previously mentioned experimental tests, are analyzed in this paper in order to evaluate their effects on the structural response of this large-scale roof element. The results of the experimental tests on the roof element presented in this paper show that second-order effects drastically anticipated the achievement of the longitudinal bending moment resistance calculated following the beam theory and neglecting transverse equilibrium and in-plane cross section deformation. Two numerical models are proposed in this paper to evaluate second-order effects in the resistance assessment of the precast structure. The first one is based on a plane section approach (PSA), while the second one is based on a non-linear finite element analysis (NLFEA). Both second-order effect and uniaxial tension constitutive relationship roles are examined in relation to the global response of the structure up to failure. The final remarks, coming from a careful comparison between experimental and numerical results, highlight that the failure is mainly led by a structural behaviour, because second-order effects prevail on non-linear response of SFRC materials adopted.     

箍筋约束混凝土圆柱轴压强度尺寸效应律

钢筋混凝土构件的破坏模式与机制区别并远复杂于混凝土材料,采用混凝土材料层面的尺寸效应理论与公式来描述钢筋混凝土构件破坏的尺寸效应行为是值得商榷的。另外,混凝土材料尺寸效应理论公式难以反映钢筋混凝土结构构件中其他重要参数对尺寸效应的影响。以箍筋约束混凝土圆柱为研究对象来看：结合相关物理试验及数值模拟结果,凝练归纳出了影响其轴压破坏尺寸效应的主导参数——箍筋率;根据箍筋约束作用对柱轴压强度的影响机制与规律,在经典的Bažant材料层次尺寸效应律的基础上,建立了箍筋约束混凝土柱轴压强度的尺寸效应半理论-半经验公式。相关试验及模拟结果验证了该构件层次尺寸效应公式的准确性和合理性。     

Effect of specimen size on flexural compressive strength of reinforced concrete members

It is important to consider the effect of member size when estimating the ultimate strength of a concrete flexural member, because the strength always decreases with an increase of member size except for well-reinforced members. Research conducted previously in this area include axial compressive strength size effect on cylindrical specimens and flexural compressive strength size effect on C-shaped specimens, notched cylindrical specimens, and axially loaded double cantilever beam (DCB) specimens. Since the most widely used flexural member type is reinforced concrete (RC) beams, it is logical to extend the study of flexural compressive strength size effect to flexural loaded RC beam members. Previously, several researchers have reported from their studies that flexural compressive strength size effect does not exist. However, the analyses show that the specimens used for the study had limited size variation and the neutral axis depth variations were too similar to show distinct size effect. Therefore, this study enforced distinct neutral axis depth variations for all of the tested specimens.In this study, the size effect of a RC beam was experimentally investigated. For this purpose, a series of beam specimens subjected to four-point loading was tested. RC beams with three different effective depths were tested to investigate the size effect. The shear-span to depth ratio and the thickness of the specimens were kept constant to eliminate the out-of-plane size effect.The test results are curve fitted using Levenberg–Marquardt’s Least Square Method (LSM) to obtain parameters for Modified Size Effect Law (MSEL) by Kim et al. The analysis results show that the flexural compression strength and ultimate strain decrease as the specimen size increases. Comparisons with existing research results considering the depth of neutral axis were also performed. They also show that the current strength criteria-based design practice should be reviewed to include member size effect.     

钢筋混凝土适筋板式构件的抗扭刚度

在超静定结构中,受扭构件所承担的扭矩必须根据其抗扭刚度来确定。该文对适筋纯扭板式构件的抗扭刚度进行了研究。适筋纯扭板式构件的工作曲线可理想化为四段直线组成,以(A)混凝土开裂,(B)构件裂缝全面形成、按"空间桁架"模式开始工作,(C)钢筋屈服、构件达到承载力为特征点。混凝土开裂前构件的抗扭刚度按连续均质体受扭导出,采用钢筋混凝土变角软化桁架模型(RA-STM)薄膜元理论推导出构件开裂后的抗扭刚度。通过对部分试件的计算验证,计算曲线与试验曲线吻合良好,表明该方法适用于适筋纯扭板式构件全过程抗扭刚度的计算。     

Study on reinforced lightweight coconut shell concrete beam behavior under torsion

This research investigates and evaluates the results of coconut shell concrete beams subjected to torsion and compared with conventional concrete beams. Eight beams, four with coconut shell concrete and four with conventional concrete were fabricated and tested. Study includes the general cracking characteristics, pre cracking behavior and analysis, post cracking behavior and analysis, minimum torsional reinforcement, torsional reinforcement, ductility, crack width and stiffness. It was observed that the torsional behavior of coconut shell concrete is comparable to that of conventional concrete. Compare to ACI prediction, equation suggested by Macgregor is more conservative in calculating cracking torsional resistance. But for the calculation of ultimate torque strength ACI prediction is more conservative compared to the equation suggested by Macgregor. Indian standard is also conservative in this regard, but it was under estimated compared to ACI and Macgregor equations. Minimum torsional reinforcement in beams is necessary to ensure that the beam do not fail at cracking. Compared to conventional concrete specimens, coconut shell concrete specimens have more ductility. Crack width at initial cracking torque for both conventional and coconut shell concrete with corresponding reinforcement ratios is almost similar.