Aspen Plus在三氟乙酸、氯化氢和水共沸精馏研究中的应用

利用Aspen Plus软件对三氟乙酰氯水解生产三氟乙酸的工艺开展模拟。借助数据库数据绘制了HCl和H_2O、CF_3COOH和H_2O以及HCl和CF_3COOH的二元相图。根据相图差异,采用"粗分离-共沸精馏-解析精馏"工艺,获得高纯度三氟乙酸产品和达标氯化氢尾气。模拟结果与试验数据一致,通过计算对工艺进行优化,确定工艺参数以及明确工艺路线。     

挥发性强电解质混合溶剂体系的汽液平衡研究

本文报导了101.3 kPa下HCL+H_2O+CH_3aOH体系汽液平衡的实测结果。在对H_2O+CH_3OH混合溶剂中HCI的电离情况进行研讨,并求得HCl在该混合溶剂中亨利常数的基础上,从二元体系的性质出发,用笔者扩展的Pitzer(1980年)模型预测了HCl+H_2O+CH_3OH体系的汽液平衡,得到与实测数据极为一致的结果。     

脱硫废水蒸发过程中HCl释放特性试验

为了探讨脱硫废水蒸发过程中HCl的释放特性,对脱硫废水蒸发过程中析出的3种氯盐MgCl_2·6H_2O、CaCl_2·6H_2O、NaCl的晶体和溶液进行蒸发实验,采用实际脱硫废水探究蒸发温度、总可溶性固体(TDS)浓度、pH值、Cl~-浓度对脱硫废水蒸发过程中HCl释放特性的影响。结果表明,HCl的释放途径主要为溶液中H~+与Cl~-结合以及氯盐结晶盐热分解。其中,MgCl_2·6H_2O晶体及MgCl_2溶液在蒸发过程中HCl析出占比最多。脱硫废水蒸发过程中降低蒸发温度、增大脱硫废水的TDS浓度、pH值可降低HCl的析出占比,添加的结晶盐种类以及蒸发温度的不同,Cl~-浓度的变化对HCl析出占比的影响也不同。     

微波消解/AAS法测定分子筛中的镍含量

分子筛催化剂以及含有金属钨的催化剂在一般的微波消解体系下难以被消解。探索了以浓HCl、浓HCl+H_2O_2、浓HNO3+H_2O_2、王水、浓H_2SO4+H_2O_2、浓H_2SO4+浓HNO3、浓H_3PO4为消解体系,消解含金属钨的分子筛催化剂。找到了一种能在短时间内既能消解分子筛催化剂又可以消解含金属钨的浓H_3PO4消解体系。并通过原子吸收光谱法和分光光度法对催化剂中的镍含量进行了测量。该方法样品用量少、省时、省酸、操作简单、环境污染小。     

过氧化二碳酸二环己酯生产分析

一、原料部分 (一)环己醇分析 1.环己醇中环己酮含量测定 (1)反应原理: C_6H_(10)O+NH_2OH·HCl→C_6H_2NOH +HCl+H_2O HCl+ClNaOH→NaCl+H_2O (2)仪器和药品: Ⅰ.万分之一大平一台 Ⅱ.150毫升磨口三角瓶二个 Ⅲ.20毫升刻度移液管一支 Ⅳ.50毫升滴管二支     

波兰对氨碱法纯碱生产中消除氯化钙可能性的探索

<正> 由于氨碱法纯碱生产环保问题的日益尖锐,和磷酸铵肥料需求量的增加,波兰研究了改进生产流程的新方法.总反应方程为 2NaCl+CaCO_3+2NH_3+H_3PO_4+2H_2O=Na_2CO_3+2HCl+2(NH_4)H_2PO_4+Ca(OH)_2但在工艺上必须掌握好 NH_4Cl+H_3PO_4=(NH_4)H_2PO_4+HCl 的反应。     

KMM调节器用于比值调节的软件开发

在聚氯乙烯生产中,采用KMM实现C_2H_2、HCl配比自动调节。为了使KMM充分发挥其功能,在此,对其软件进行了开发。一、反应机理分析聚氯乙烯生产过程中,进入混合器的原料气C_2H_2、HCl之比值是一项重要工艺指标。只有适当的比值,生产才能正常进行,才可获得较好地效益。     

一个比值智能控制系统

<正> 一、前言在聚氯乙烯的生产过程中,原料气HCl与C_2H_2在触媒HgCl_2的接触下,总反应: HCl过量时,则所生成的单体氯乙烯与过量的HCl加成反应生成二氯乙烷。 C_2H_2过量时,会使HgCl_2触媒还原生成Hg_2Cl_2或金属Hg,触媒脱去活性,同时还增加后工序上的负担。     

合成盐酸热能回收分析

本文对合成盐酸反应热进行了计算,介绍了热能回收方法。一、热量计算1、合成反应热合成反应式为:H_2 Cl_2(?)2HCl查附录2有:(△H°f_(298))HCl=-92.307千焦/摩尔(△H°f_(298))Cl_2=(△H°f_(298))H_2=0对于H_2:a=27.28焦/摩·开     

苯乙烯-共轭二烯烃共聚物中镍/铝加氢催化剂脱除的影响因素

研究了几种脱除苯乙烯-共轭二烯烃共聚物中镍/铝加氢催化剂(简称M)方法对金属脱除率(R_e)的影响,同时研究了H_2O_2用量、HCl用量、癸二酸(SA)用量、SA溶剂及温度对Re的影响。结果表明,HCl的加入能够明显提高R_e,尤其是在聚合物黏度较大时效果更加明显。当H_2O_2/M(摩尔比)为5~15、HCl/M(摩尔比)为3~8、SA/M(摩尔比)为1.5~2.0、二乙二醇单丁醚/H_2O(体积比)为65/35、反应温度为50℃时,R_e较高。     

Kinetic study on selective extraction of HCl and H3PO4 in a microfluidic device☆

In the extraction method for preparing KH2PO4, one of the key processes is the selective extraction of HCl over H3PO4. In our work, extraction kinetic studies have been carried out in a microfluidic device with a coaxial microchannel, using the extractant of 33.3%(by volume) trioctylamine (TOA) dissolved in n-octanol, with differ-ent aqueous phases:the HCl solution, the H3PO4 solution, and H3PO4 and KCl solutions of different concentra-tions. The changes of the extraction efficiency of HCl and H3PO4 and the selectivity for HCl along with the residence time were investigated. We found that fast extraction kinetics could be realized in microfluidic devices, and that HCl could be extracted faster than H3PO4 due to smaller mass transfer resistance and much stronger re-action between HCl and TOA. For the extraction of H3PO4 and KCl solutions, the selectivity for HCl first increased and then decreased when TOA was in excess of H3PO4 in the initial feeds, and in contrast, always increased when H3PO4 was in excess of TOA in the initial feeds. The diverse changes of selectivity for HCl along with the residence time indicate that a dynamic control of selectivity in microfluidic devices may be important and accessible for im-proving the KH2PO4 conversion efficiency in extraction method.     

燃料电池反应器中过氧化氢的生产——Ⅰ 实验研究

以循环流动的盐酸和硫酸水溶液为电解质,在燃料电池反应器中进行了过氧化氢和电能共生的研究.结果表明,石墨可作为共生的适宜催化剂,生成过氧化氢的电流效率可达42%.氧气分压是影响反应速率的主要因素,pH值对反应速率影响小,但对生成过氧化氢的电流效率影响大,特别是当pH＜1时,随pH值减小,电流效率明显下降.     

氯化氢氧化反应-脱水耦合制氯工艺

根据对氯化氢氧化平衡的计算和分析,提出将反应-脱水耦合技术应用于氯化氢氧化过程中,研究了反应-脱水耦合的模拟工艺. 结果表明,在氯化氢连续氧化的过程中,增加脱水过程能有效提高氯化氢的反应转化率. 考察了在氧气不过量情况下的多步脱水循环过程,结果显示提高二次氧化反应的温度可明显提高氯化氢的转化率,在HCl/O2摩尔比为8:1的条件下经过多步脱水循环反应,氯化氢的总转化率可以达到49.3%,反应混合气中氧气的体积含量低于0.2%. 该混合气可直接用于有机氯化过程.     

容量法测定高含量金样品的研究

采用双氧水盐酸法溶金－容量法直接测定金箔中的含金量,确定了金箔样品处理的方法,在0．5g金箔样品中加入8倍理论量的双氧水和6倍理论量的浓盐酸,当反应温度为80℃时,金箔溶解完全。与王水法比较,双氧水盐酸法溶金具有安全性好、污染小、易操作等优点。所建立的容量分析方法精密度、准确度符合常量分析的要求。     

多晶硅生产氯化氢回收工艺的模拟与优化

建立了多晶硅生产氯化氢回收工艺过程的热力学模型,考察了吸收塔进气的氯化氢摩尔分数、吸收塔的液气比、解吸塔回流比等因素对吸收尾气中氯化氢摩尔分数、回收氯化氢中氯化氢摩尔分数的影响,并考察了闪蒸脱氢的最优条件。最终得出CVD尾气的最优吸收液气比和解吸回流比分别为1.4和0.3;STC氢化尾气的最优吸收液气比和解吸回流比分别为2.0和0.3;闪蒸的最优条件是0.2 MPa、-40℃。     

Predicting HCl concentrations in fire enclosures using an HCl decay model coupled to a CFD‐based fire field model

The amount of atmospheric hydrogen chloride (HCl) within fire enclosures produced from the combustion of chloride‐based materials tends to decay as the fire effluent is transported through the enclosure due to mixing with fresh air and absorption by solids. This paper describes an HCl decay model, typically used in zone models, which has been modified and applied to a computational fluid dynamics (CFD)‐based fire field model. While the modified model still makes use of some empirical formulations to represent the deposition mechanisms, these have been reduced from the original three to two through the use of the CFD framework. Furthermore, the effect of HCl flow to the wall surfaces on the time to reach equilibrium between HCl in the boundary layer and on wall surfaces is addressed by the modified model. Simulation results using the modified HCl decay model are compared with data from three experiments. The model is found to be able to reproduce the experimental trends and the predicted HCl levels are in good agreement with measured values. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

含盐溶液汽液平衡预测(Ⅰ)——Pitzer模型的扩展及其在多元体系中的应用

本文提出一种新的预测含盐溶液汽液平衡的方法.对Pitzer(1980)模型进行扩展后,将其简化成单参数形式,推广至多元电解质溶液;经过适当假定,得到计算含盐挥发性强电解质和水体系及含盐水醇体系的活度系数公式,这些公式仅含二元相互作用参数;由二元溶液的活度关联出该参数后,可用于含盐体系各种温度下汽液平衡的预测.关联了40个二元电解质水溶液及7个电解质甲醇溶液298.15K时的简化Pitzer方程的单参数;用以推算6个水盐体系和2个甲醇盐体系在320-403K的蒸汽压,得到满意的结果,182个数据点的平均偏差小于0.65kPa;用以预测5个不同类型的含盐三元体系的等温、等压汽液平衡,所得的平均偏差对于汽相组成、沸点、压力分别为0.015、1K和1.92kPa.     

异戊醇从氯化物-磷酸体系中萃取盐酸的动力学

采用上升液滴法研究异戊醇萃取盐酸的动力学,考察二相接触面积、水相中初始盐酸、磷酸浓度对盐酸萃取速率的影响,以比较磷酸和盐酸的萃取行为。实验结果表明,盐酸的初始正向萃取速率与二相界面积无关,随水相初始盐酸、磷酸浓度的增大而增大,异戊醇萃取盐酸可能属相内反应控制模式。水相中盐酸的存在促进磷酸的萃取,用较高浓度的工业盐酸分解开阳磷矿有利于湿法磷酸的分离和净化。经非线性最小二乘法回归实验数据,得出25℃时异戊醇萃取盐酸的动力学方程,其决定性指标为0.993 9,速率常数的相对标准偏差为7.69%。     

两条氯化氢生产线合并运行的生产实践

将一条HCl生产线的多余HCl与另外一条HCl生产线的HCl合并送至PVC生产装置氯乙烯合成工序.介绍了工艺配置及运行效果.     

Crystal structure of poly(ethylenimine)-hydrogen chloride complex

Linear poly(ethylenimine) was found to form a crystalline complex with hydrogen chloride when poly(ethylenimine) in the state of its anhydrate or hydrates was immersed in concentrated hydrochloric acid or exposed to HCl vapour. The crystal structure of the HCl complex was determined by X-ray diffraction. The crystals are metrically tetragonal with cell constants a = B = 5.06 Å and c (chain axis) = 7.57 Å and the unit cell includes one planar zigzag polymer chain (two monomeric units) and two HCl molecules (the molar ratio is 1:1). The space group of the crystals is, however, not of the tetragonal system: the structure determined can be expressed in terms of any of the following crystal systems and space groups: orthorhombic P222₁, orthorhombic Pcm2₁, orthorhombic Pc2m, and monoclinic P2₁/m (c unique). The Cl···N distance of 3.05 Å strongly indicates that every NH and HCl hydrogen atom participates in hydrogen bondings between nitrogen and chlorine atoms. The HCl complex has a fairly high melting temperature of 265°C, which is about 200°C higher than those of the anhydrate and hydrates.