超高压力对ZA27合金非平衡凝固组织和性能的影响

研究了高压凝固条件下ZA27合金凝固组织的变化。高压凝固ZA27合金的宏观组织为致密的网状结构，每个晶粒由相互平行的二次枝晶所构成，而且二次枝晶具有一定的方向性，最后凝固组织并非（β η）共晶体，而是单一的η相，高压也增加了Zn在α相以及Al在η相中的固溶度。同时高压使ZA27合金的二次枝晶臂间距（DAS）减小，硬度获得大幅度的提高。     

过共晶球铁凝固过程中奥氏体的生长方式与形貌特征

采用着色腐蚀技术显示出过共晶球铁中的高温凝固组织，观察分析过共晶球铁凝固过程中奥氏体的生长方式与形持征。结果表明：在非平衡凝固条件下，过共晶球铁凝固时通常会析出初生枝晶和晕圈枝晶，其形成条件主要与冷却速率和熔体的过冷有关。随铸件模数Mc增大，枝晶数量减少，二次臂间距显著增大，形态趋于不发达，由初生枝晶向晕圈枝晶过渡。当Mc≤0.3cm时，二次臂间距的实测值与理论预测值基本吻合。初生石墨球周围往往形成环状封闭奥氏体壳；共晶前期石墨球周围形成封闭或不封闭的框架奥氏体壳；共晶后期石墨球往往被周边生长着的共晶奥氏体所包覆，最终成为共晶奥氏体的一部分。     

相场法模拟Ni-Cu合金枝晶生长中过冷度的影响

用相场法模拟了Ni30Cu70合金非等温凝固中的枝晶生长过程。研究了过冷度对过冷合金熔体中的枝晶生长以及溶质场和温度场的分布的影响。模拟结果表明：随着过冷度的增大，二次枝晶臂发达，溶质扩散层厚度减小、溶质浓度梯度增大，热扩散层厚度减小。     

强迫对流下各相场参数对枝晶生长的影响

基于耦合流场的相场模型,采用有限差分法,研究了各相场参数对纯金属凝固过程中的枝晶生长的影响.结果表明,对流作用下枝晶形貌发生了很大变化,上游枝晶的枝晶臂最长,下游枝晶臂最短,水平方向枝晶臂介于两者之间;过冷度越大,上游及水平方向侧枝越发达;各向异性系数越大,主枝晶枝晶臂越瘦长,二次枝晶间距越小;对流速度越大,上游枝晶生长越快.     

深过冷凝固Co80Pd20合金中的枝晶生长

采用玻璃熔体净化与循环过热相结合的深过冷凝固技术实现了Co80Pd20合金的深过冷,获得了高达415 K的最大过冷度.采用OM观察了不同过冷度下凝固合金的微观组织,分析了枝晶形成的过冷度区间及过冷度对枝晶形貌的影响.运用BCT模型对深过冷凝固Co80Pd20中的枝晶生长进行了理论分析,获得了深过冷凝固过程中的枝晶生长速...     

深过冷BFe30-2合金凝固组织演化

用熔融玻璃净化与循环过热相结合的方法,研究了BFe30-2合金过冷熔体凝固组织的演化规律。研究表明:在过冷度39～203K的范围内,其凝固组织的形态有三次变化过程:第一次是在39～118K过冷度范围,随着过冷度的增加,凝固组织中枝晶明显细化且同时存在枝晶重熔形成的第一类粒状晶;第二次发生在118～174K过冷度范围,因枝晶熟化被抑制,形成的第一类粒状晶转变为高度细化的细枝晶;第三次发生在174～203K过冷度区间,组织因细枝晶再结晶转变为均匀的准球状晶粒。     

过冷DD3单晶高温合金凝固组织演化

用复合熔盐净化与循环过热相结合的方法,研究了ＤＤ３单晶高温合金过冷熔体凝固组织的演化规律,获得了最大过冷度２１０Ｋ,在所获得的过冷度范围内,其凝固组织的形态发生三次突变;第一次是在过冷度为３０Ｋ时,因枝晶熟化,重熔,高度发牵树枝晶转变为第一类粒状晶;第二次发生在过冷度为７８Ｋ时,因枝晶熟化抑制,组织转变为细枝晶;当过冷度大于等于１８０Ｋ时,组织因枝晶发生碎断和再结晶而转变为第二类粒状晶     

过冷Ni-31．44％Pb偏晶合金凝固行为

采用熔融玻璃净化和循环过热相结合的方法研究Ni-31.44%Pb偏晶合金宽过冷区间凝固组织演化规律;结果表明,过冷偏晶合金在快速凝固阶段首先形成枝晶α骨架,再辉重熔后分布于枝晶间的残余液相按照平衡凝固模式进行后续反应;在0～286K过冷范围内,当ΔΤ＜50K时,合金凝固组织为粗大枝晶α+枝晶间Pb相;当70＜ΔT＜232K时,凝固组织为细密枝晶α+枝晶臂上细小的Pb颗粒+枝晶间Pb相;当ΔT＞242K时,凝固组织为过冷粒状晶+均匀细小的Pb颗粒+少量尺寸较大的枝晶间Pb颗粒,过冷粒状晶的粒化机制属于枝晶碎断-再结晶机制.     

过冷度对Ni-Cu合金枝晶偏析影响的相场法模拟

采用耦合热扰动的相场模型,对Ni-Cu合金枝晶生长中的枝晶形貌和微观偏析进行计算和分析,并研究过冷度对其凝固过程中溶质分布的影响。结果表明:随着过冷度的增加,二次枝晶变的更发达,枝晶主干变细,一次枝晶干轴对称中心处的溶质浓度升高,一次枝晶干和二次枝晶臂间富集的溶质更多。过冷度越大,固液界面前沿溶质扩散层越薄,枝晶的微观偏析越严重,即溶质微观偏析程度随过冷度的增大而增大。     

Al-7Si-0.36Mg合金定向凝固一次枝晶臂间距实验和模拟

通过Al-7Si-0.36Mg合金定向凝固实验和元胞自动机模型,开展定向凝固枝晶形貌演化和一次枝晶臂间距选择过程的实验和模拟。结果表明:在给定的凝固条件下,一次枝晶臂间距范围是一个连续的变化区间。在恒定温度梯度和不同凝固速度条件下,测得Al-7Si-0.36Mg合金一次枝晶臂间距上限值(λmax)、下限值(λmin)和平均值(λave)以及生长速率之间的关系,且上限值和下限值的比值接近3。模拟结果与实验结果的吻合程度明显优于Hunt-Lu等解析模型的预测结果,表明CA模型在枝晶定向凝固过程枝晶形貌演化模拟和枝晶臂间距预测等方面的准确性。结合模拟研究和文献调研分析影响定向凝固一次枝晶臂选择的因素,包括抽拉速度v、温度梯度G、界面能大小、溶质扩散系数DL、枝晶生长取向与热流方向的偏离角度θ等。     

来流对Al-Cu合金三维树枝晶生长的影响

建立了模拟二元合金树枝晶生长的三维元胞自动机模型,以Al-4%Cu(质量分数)为模型合金,模拟了合金过冷熔体中树枝晶的生长过程,研究了来流对枝晶生长的影响.结果表明,来流对合金过冷熔体中三维树枝晶生长影响显著,迎流侧枝晶尖端生长速度随来流速度的增大而增大,枝晶尖端半径随来流速度的增大而减小;随着来流速度的增大,枝晶尖端选择参数减小;在给定过冷度条件下,随界面能各向异性的增大,来流对枝晶尖端选择参数的影响增强;对于给定的合金(或界面能各向异性),来流对枝晶尖端选择参数的影响随着过冷度的增大而增强.     

Distinctions of dendritic behavior influenced by constant pressure and periodic pressure

The distinctions of dendritic morphology and sidebranching behavior when solidified under atmosphere pressure, constant pressure which is higher than atmosphere pressure (hereinafter referred to as constant pressure) and periodic pressure were investigated using 3-D phase field method. When growing at atmosphere pressure, side branches (secondary dendritic arms) are irregular. When solidified under constant pressure with a relatively high value, side branches are much more luxuriant, with more developed high-order side branches. When applied with periodic pressure, resonant sidebranching happens, leading to many more regular side branches and the smallest secondary dendritic arm spacing (SDAS) in the three cases. The significant difference in dendritic morphology is associated with tip velocity modulated by total undercooling including pressure and temperature undercooling. In the case of constant pressure, tip velocity increases linearly with total undercooling, and it varies periodically in periodic pressure case. The different variation trend in tip velocity is the reason for the distinct dendrite growth behavior in different cases. Unlike the phenomenon in constant pressure case where the dendrite grows faster with higher pressure, the dendrite grows slower under periodic pressure with higher amplitude, resulting in less developed primary dendrite and side branches. This is influenced by tip remelting due to low undercooling or even negative undercooling. It is revealed that the accelerated velocity of tip remelting increases with the decline of undercooling. The greater the amplitude of periodic pressure, the faster the tip remelting velocity during one period. This is the reason why the average tip velocity decreases with the rise of amplitude of periodic pressure.

     

Effect of Nb Content on Solidification Characteristics and Microsegregation in Cast Ti-48Al-xNb Alloys

Microstructural evolution in nonequihbrium solidification of Ti-48Al-xNb alloys with Nb contents ranging from2 to 8 at%has been studied by containerless electromagnetic levitation.Levitated drops of controlled undercooling were quenched onto chill copper substrates and subjected to phase and microstructure analysis.With increasing Nb content,the solidification path changes gradually from hyperperitectic solidification to hypoperitectic solidification and both solidification segregation(S-segregation) and β-solidification gradually increase.A transition from typical hypoperitectic solidification to a sole solidification of the β phase beyond a critical undercooling is revealed for the Ti-48Al-8Nb hypoperitectic alloy.For the Ti-48Al-2Nb alloy,the morphologies of the primary β dendrites are not observed.With increasing undercooling,the coarsening of the lamellar colonies occurs,which can be attributed to the transition of the primary β dendritic morphology.Furthermore,the solute concentration profiles for the final solidification microstructure are obtained to examine the segregation behaviors of alloying elements.With increasing Nb content,the undercooling eliminating S-segregation gradually increases.     

RAPID SOLIDIFICATION OF HYPEREUTECTIC SILVER-COPPER ALLOY IN DROP TUBE

1.IntroductionDroptubeprocessingnotonlyprovidesatechniqueforcontainerlesssolidificationinmicrogravityenvironmentbutalsohasanadvantageofcombiningrapidcoolingwithhighundercooling.Therefore,ithasattractedgreatresearchinterestandhasbeenwidelyusedtostudytherapidsolidificationofalloysinrecelltyears[112].Ag--Cuisatypicalbinaryeutecticsystem,anditssolidificationmicrostructurehasbeeninvestigatedbyseveralmethods.Therelativelyearlyworkfocusedmainlyonthesolubilityofprimaryphase.Thesplatquenchingexperimen…     

TC17钛合金自表面纳米化机制及组织演化

采用二元合金晶体相场模型,耦合原子密度场和浓度场,在扩散时间尺度上模拟过冷熔体的形核,生长及粗化过程.研究表明:增加冷却速率,模拟区域内晶核富集,快速长大;一定范围内,随着冷却速率增大,晶粒尺寸减小,组织细化;晶粒长大过程中,晶界主要依靠位错的迁移或攀移进行运动.二元合金模拟还可以应用到枝晶凝固、外延生长,调幅分解中,前景广阔.     

Rapid solidification of undercooled Cu–Ge peritectic alloy

Bulk samples of Cu–14.4 wt% Ge peritectic alloy has been undercooled by up to 200 K (0.166 T_L) with a glass fluxing technique. The solidified microstructures are mainly characterized by α-Cu dendrites plus ζ phase which forms in the interdendritic areas within the whole undercooling regime. With the increase of undercooling, both the secondary arm spacing of primary α-Cu dendrite and the layer thickness of the peritectic ζ phase decrease. The primary trunk and secondary arm of α-Cu dendrites show round shape under small undercooling condition, whereas they keep a good dendritic shape within a large undercooling regime, indicating that the peritectic reaction proceeds for a relatively longer period of time in the former case. The volume fraction of peritectic ζ phase increases with undercooling, but that of α-Cu dendrite shows a decreasing tendency. Furthermore, drop tube experiments were also performed to reveal the competitive nucleation and growth mechanisms of primary α-Cu dendrite and peritectic phase ζ. Calculations based on the current dendritic growth model are made to analyze the crystal growth kinetics during the rapid solidification of undercooled Cu–Ge peritectic alloy.     

Microstructures and evolution mechanism of highly undercooled Ni-Pb hypermonotectic alloy

The microstructures and evolution mechanism of the undercooled Ni-20%Pb(molar fraction) alloy were investigated systematically by high undercooling solidification technique. The experiment results indicate that the morphology of α-Ni phase and the distribution of Pb element in undercooled Ni-20% Pb alloys change with the in-crease of undercooling. The main evolution mechanisms of α-Ni are dendrite remelting and recrystallization. Pb phase in the microstructure of Ni-20% Pb hypermonotectic alloy originates from L2 phase separated from the parent melt during the cooling process through immiscible gap and L2 phase formed at the temperature of monotectic trans-formation. The solubility of Ph element in α-Ni phase under high undercooling condition is up to 5.83% which is ob-viously higher than that under equilibrium solidification condition. The real reason that causes the solubility difference is distinct solute trapping.     

深过冷Si-Al合金的凝固过程和组织特征研究

用高速摄影和扫描电镜研究了电磁悬浮熔炼条件下,Si-20%Al合金的凝固过程及其组织特征.结果发现,将Si-20%Al合金在氩气中进行电磁悬浮熔炼可使其获得375K的过冷度.过冷合金先结晶相的形貌和尺寸与其形核过冷度有关.在小过冷度下,合金的初生硅为粗大的长片多面体;过冷度增大到1 26 K后,初生硅变为均匀细小的等轴多面体.在过冷度小于328 K以前,初生硅的表面有明显棱角,表现出小平面生长的特征;过冷度大于328 K后,初生硅变为细小均匀表面有圆滑钟乳石状凸起、没有明显棱角的不规则多面体,表现出了非小平面生长的特征.     

Microstructure refinement of AZ91D alloy solidified with pulsed magnetic field

The effects of pulsed magnetic field on the solidified microstructure of an AZ91D magnesium alloy were investigated. The experimental results show that the remarkable microstructural refinement is achieved when the pulsed magnetic field is applied in the solidification of AZ91D alloy. The average grain size of the as-cast microstructure of AZ91D alloy is refined to 104 μm. Besides the grain refinement, the morphology of the primary α-Mg is changed from dendritic to rosette, then to globular shape with changing the parameters of the pulsed magnetic field. The pulsed magnetic field causes melt convection during solidification, which makes the temperature of the whole melt homogenized, and produces an undercooling zone in front of the liquid/solid interface by the magnetic pressure, which makes the nucleation rate increased and big dendrites prohibited. In addition, primary α-Mg dendrites break into fine crystals, resulting in a refined solidification structure of the AZ91D alloy. The Joule heat effect induced in the melt also strengthens the grain refinement effect and spheroidization of dendrite arms.     

Phase-field modeling of dendritic growth of magnesium alloys with a parallel-adaptive mesh refinement algorithm

A two-dimensional phase field (PF) model was developed to simulate the dendritic solidification in magnesium alloy with hcp crystal structure.By applying a parallel-adaptive mesh refinement (Para-AMR) algorithm,the computational efficiency of the numerical model was greatly improved.Based on the PF model,a series of simulation cases were conducted and the results showed that the anisotropy coefficient and coupling coefficient had a great influence on the dendritic morphology of magnesium alloy.The dendritic growth kinetics was determined by the undercooling and equilibrium solute partition coefficient.A significant finding is acquired that with a large undercooling,the maximum solute concentration is located on both sides of the dendrite tip in the liquid,whereas the maximum solute concentration gradient is located right ahead of the dendrite tip in the liquid.The dendrite tip growth velocity decreases with the increase of the equilibrium solute partition coefficient,while the variation trend of the dendrite tip radius is the opposite.Quantitative analysis was carried out relating to the dendritic morphology and growth kinetics,and the simulated results are consistent with the theoretical models proposed in the previously published works.