New water-soluble metal working fluids additives from phosphonic acid derivatives for aluminum alloy materials

Water-soluble metal working fluids are used for processing of aluminum alloy materials. This short paper describes properties of new additives for water-soluble cutting fluids for aluminum alloy materials. Some alkyldiphosphonic acids were prepared with known method. Amine salts of these phosphonic acids showed anti-corrosion property for aluminum alloy materials. However, they have no hard water tolerance. Monoesters of octylphosphonic acid were prepared by the reaction of octylphosphonic acid dichloride with various alcohols in the presence of triethylamine. Amine salts of monoester of octylphosphonic acid with diethyleneglycol monomethyl ether, ethyleneglycol monomethyl ether and triethyleneglycol monomethyl ether showed both of a good anti-corrosion property for aluminum alloy materials and hard water tolerance.     

Preparations and properties of anti-corrosion additives of water-soluble metal working fluids for aluminum alloy materials

This short review describes various types of anti-corrosion additives of water-soluble metal working fluids for aluminum alloy materials. It is concerned with synthetic additives classified according to their functional groups; silicone compounds, carboxylic acids and dibasic acids, esters, Diels-Alder adducts, various polymers, nitrogen compounds, phosphoric esters, phosphonic acids, and others. Testing methods for water-soluble metal working fluids for aluminum alloy materials are described for a practical application in a laboratory.     

高性能水性环氧防腐底漆的研制

以水性环氧树脂固化体系为成膜物,以三聚磷酸铝、磷酸锌、钼酸锌为防锈颜料,以绢云母、滑石粉、沉淀硫酸钡为填料,在多种功能助剂和水的配用下,制得具有优异的附着力、防腐性、抗形变能力的水性环氧防腐底漆,适用于较难附着的不锈钢、铝合金等多种金属基材的防腐保护。     

钛酸铝陶瓷升液管的研制

介绍了二步法制备钛酸铝陶瓷升液管的工艺。讨论了添加剂和工艺因素对钛酸铝陶瓷升液管性能的影响。研究结果表明，添加适量的添加荆和采用合理的制备工艺参数，可以制备出性能优良的钛酸铝陶瓷升液管，满足铝合金低压铸造机的使用要求。     

Barrier and adhesion properties of anti-corrosion coatings based on surfactant-free latexes from anhydride-containing polymers

We have successfully obtained surfactant-free latexes from anhydride-containing polymers, including poly(styrene-alt-maleic anhydride) (PSMA), maleinized polybutadiene (PBDMA), and poly(octadecene-alt-maleic anhydride) (POMA). Here we report barrier and adhesion properties of the coatings made from these surfactant-free latexes, which were crosslinked with adipic acid dihydrazide (ADH). The barrier property of these coatings was studied with electrochemical impedance spectroscopy in NaCl solutions on pretreated aluminum substrates. PSMA and PBDMA-based coatings demonstrated good barrier property, indicated by the absence of corrosion after 1-month immersion in NaCl solutions, which was comparable to that of a commercially available polyester coating. The polyester coating, however, was found to hydrolytically degrade when immersed in a NaCl solution, which was not observed for our latex-based coatings. The POMA-based coating showed inferior barrier property on un-pretreated aluminum, likely due to inhomogeneous film formation and poor adhesion to the substrate, but the adhesion could be improved by an alkali pretreatment of the substrate. In comparison, PBDMA and PSMA-based coatings showed much better adhesion toward the aluminum substrates. The anti-corrosion behavior appeared to be closely related to both the barrier and adhesion properties of the coatings on the metal substrate.     

碳酸钙粉体设备开式齿轮跑合润滑脂研制应用

针对碳酸钙粉体设备中开式齿轮在跑合阶段的工作特性和工况的分析,以及跑合阶段开式齿轮对润滑脂所要求的性能;利用基于模糊集合理论的模糊层次分析法(FAHP),对润滑脂的基础油和添加剂进行优选。采用Ⅱ类基础油650SN与聚内烯烃(PIO)复合作为研制润滑脂基础油,以及适量添加剂,研制出碳酸钙粉体设备跑合阶段工况使用的专用跑合润滑脂。并通过现场多台不同型号设备试用,证明能很好满足使用要求。     

Crosslinking of polypropylene glycol with divalent metal salts of mono(hydroxyethyl) phthalate,anhydride, and bisepoxide

Crosslinking of polypropylene glycol with divalent metal salts of mono(hydroxyethyl) phthalate, anhydride, and bisepoxide is investigated. The anhydride and bisepoxide were hexahydrophthalic anhydride and bisphenol A diglycidyl ether. The metal carboxylate groups catalyzed the crosslinking reactions. The Mg carboxylate group showed higher catalytic activities than the Ca carboxylate group. The rubbers containing Mg showed much better physical properties than those containing Ca, due to higher interionic attraction of Mg⁺⁺ and better homogeneity. In addition, tensile strength of the cured rubbers at about the same soft block contents depended largely upon that of the hard block. Resistances to water and chemical attack, stress–relaxation, and thermal behavior are also discussed.     

低熔点合金填充聚合物材料断口形貌研究

研究了合金元素、加工温度、金属含量、第三组分对低熔点金属填充聚合物材料断口形貌的影响。实验结果表明:不同的合金对体系的影响很大,低分子量、低结晶性聚合物,高的成型加工温度可提高材料的相容性。     

表面防划伤无卤阻燃PPO/HIPS合金的制备、性能及应用研究

以聚苯醚(PPO)为主要原料,加入高抗冲聚苯乙烯(HIPS)来改善其加工性能;利用无机填料BaSO4和阻燃剂磷酸酯来改善合金的表面硬度和阻燃性能;采用(苯乙烯/丙烯腈)共聚物(SAN)、(乙烯/丙烯酸)共聚物(EAA)、苯乙烯接枝马来酸酐共聚物(SMAH)三种不同的增容剂来改善PPO/HIPS合金的相容性。结果表明,SAN能够有效地改善合金的相容性;添加15份BaSO4可以使合金的表面硬度达到3H级;加入8份磷酸酯可使合金的阻燃性能达到V-0级(0.8 mm);添加了各种助剂之后的PPO/HIPS合金能保持较好的耐热性能和力学性能,可用作平板显示器外壳。     

Zirconia–Mullite Composites Consolidated by Spark Plasma Reaction Sintering from Zircon and Alumina

Mullite–ZrO₂ composites have been fabricated by attrition milling a powder mixture of zircon, alumina, and aluminum metal with MgO or TiO₂ as sintering additives, heating at 1100°C to oxidize the aluminum metal, and consolidation by spark plasma sintering (SPS). The influence of the SPS temperature on the formation of mullite, and the density and the mechanical properties of the resulting composites have been studied. For the mullite–zirconia composites without sintering additives, the mullite formation was accomplished at 1540°C. In contrast, for the composites having MgO and TiO₂, the formation temperature dropped to 1460°C. The composites without sintering additives were almost fully dense (99.9% relative density) and retained a larger amount of tetragonal zirconia. Those materials attained the best mechanical properties ( E =214 GPa and K _{I C} =6 MPa·m^1/2). To highlight the advantages of using the SPS technique, the obtained results have been compared with the characteristics of a mullite–zirconia composite prepared by the conventional reaction-sintering process.     

液态金属微液滴脉动热管的传热性能

利用室温液态金属和表面活性剂溶液混合工质的振荡运动,在脉动热管中形成液态金属微纳液滴分散的高热导率混合流体并提高其传热性能。本文将液态金属表面活性剂混合工质引入六弯管板式脉动热管中,在不同液态金属填充量和加热功率下开展可视化和传热性能实验。实验结果表明,液态金属在表面活性剂混合工质中通过振荡自分散成球形液滴且相互之间不易发生合并,并在表面活性剂工质中留下粒径在410~520nm的纳米颗粒。传热性能方面,液态金属填充量在20%~25%时,液态金属球形液滴的黏度高、质量大,会阻碍混合工质的振荡运动从而降低脉动热管的传热性能,填充量在5%~10%时,混合工质耦合了液态金属的高热导率特性,有效提高传热性能,热阻最多降低11.21%。     

Effect of Metal Additives on Performance of Low-Carbon Magnesia-Carbon Materials

In this paper,both oxidation and corrosion resistance of low-carbon magnesia-carbon materials containing 4.0wt% graphite with metallic Al and Mg-Al alloy powders as antioxidants were investigated.Meanwhile,the microstructures of samples corroded by slag were observed with optical microscope as well.The test results revealed the properties of oxidation and corrosion resistance of low-carbon magnesia-carbon materials could be improved obviously by adding metal Al powder and Mg-Al alloy powder.The rule of improving oxidation resistance was illegibility when metal Al powder and Mg-Al alloy powder were added together.It was harmful to corrosion resistance by mixed adding metal Al powder and Mg-Al alloy powder into the materials,at the same time,the corrosion resistance would decreased with the increasing of Mg-Al alloy content.The corrosion resistance of samples with 0.5wt% or 3.0wt% Mg-Al alloy was better. The oxidation resistance and corrosion resistance of materials with metal Al or Mg-Al alloy respectively were better than that with mixed metal Al and Mg-Al alloy. As a result, Mg-Al alloy was more suitable for low-carbon composite materials than metal Al as additives.     

Crosslinking of poly(ethylene glycol) with divalent metal salts of mono(hydroxyethyl) phthalate,anhydride, and bisepoxide

Poly(ethylene glycol)s (PEG) were crosslinked with divalent metal salts of mono(hydroxyethyl) phthalate, anhydride, and bisepoxide to give metal-containing cured rubbers. As the anhydride, hexahydrophthalic anhydride was used, and bisphenol A diglycidyl ether was the bisepoxide used. As for the physical properties of the cured rubbers obtained, the rubbers containing Mg showed much better physical properties than those containing Ca. In addition, the rubbers with high hard block contents and high overall crosslinking densities exhibited high tensile strength and Shore A hardness, and so did the rubbers having a high degree of crystallinity of the PEG soft block. The occurrence of crystallization became easy as the soft block length became longer and the soft block content became higher, or as the crosslinking density of the hard block became lower. The PEG-based rubbers showed much higher water absorption than the previously reported poly(propylene glycol)-based rubbers, due to the much higher hydrophilicity of the PEG block. Resistance to chemical attack and stress–relaxation are also discussed.     

淀粉/聚乙烯醇/蒙脱土复合材料的制备及性能研究

采用熔融挤出法制备了淀粉/聚乙烯醇/蒙脱土三元复合材料。通过对力学测试、DSC、SEM、维卡软化点的分析,研究了PVA和酸酐的含量对材料的力学性能、热性能、吸水率的影响,并讨论了蒙脱土的加入对体系性能的影响。研究发现,适量的顺丁烯二酸酐能够降低淀粉分子链间的氢键作用,并促使其晶区的破坏,从而改善淀粉的加工性能、力学性能以及耐水性,当加入2.5%顺丁烯二酸酐时,材料的拉伸强度提高了60.54%;随着PVA含量的增加,体系力学性能增强,吸水率降低。蒙脱土的加入改善了其加工性能,并有效地提高了材料的力学性能、耐水性以及热稳定性。SEM显示,复合材料各组分之间的相容性较好,淀粉得到良好的塑化。     

助溶剂对铝合金表面硅烷化预处理的影响

为了了解3-缩水甘油醚丙基三甲氧基硅烷(γ-GPTMS)溶液中助溶剂对水解的γ-GPTMS在铝合金表面的沉积特性的影响,用X射线光电子衍射(XPS)测定了不同助溶剂含量,不同γ-GPTMS浓度的溶液沉积在铝合金表面的硅含量,同时用反射吸收红外光谱(RAIRS)对铝合金表面膜层进行了表征,结果表明,助溶剂对γ-GPTMS在铝合金表面沉积有显著影晌,γ-GPTMS的纯水溶液在铝合金表面所形成硅烷化膜层的硅元素量最高,沉积量随溶液中γ-GPTMS浓度的增加而增加。另外,膜层与氧化的铝合金表面之间形成铝硅氧烷(Al-O-Si)共价键,而且γ-GPTMS分子中的烷氧乙基分布在膜层的外表面,具有较大的反应活性。     

大型PVC-U供水管件的研制

以聚氯乙烯(PVC)为基体,加入热稳定剂、润滑剂、抗冲击改性剂等,经挤出造粒制得用于生产大型硬质PVC(PVC-U)供水管件的PVC—U材料。并用该材料生产了PVC-U供水管件。测试结果表明,该PVC-U材料具有良好的力学性能、成型加工性和热稳定性,管件性能达到相关技术标准要求。     

添加剂对MA和MgO-MA材料性能的影响

综述了金属氧化物、稀土氧化物以及复合添加剂对镁铝尖晶石(MA)和方镁石-镁铝尖晶石(MgO-MA)材料性能的影响及其作用机理.引入的添加剂在一定温度下能与镁铝尖晶石形成固溶体,或可提高镁铝尖晶石晶体空位浓度,活化晶格,或与材料中某些杂质反应生成低熔点物相,促进了试样的烧结,从而使常温力学性能提高.有些添加剂的引入还能与材料中某些物质发生反应生成高熔点相,堵塞气孔,阻挡了熔渣的渗透,增加材料抗侵蚀性能等.本文期望能为从事MA与MgO-MA材料性能、结构设计以及合理选择添加剂提供理论基础.     

水源热泵用换热设备常用金属的腐蚀性能

目前有关金属腐蚀的研究多集中在探讨影响腐蚀的因素以及防腐蚀相关技术,有关换热器金属腐蚀经济性的文献较少。本文采用挂片失重试验,结合电镜分析,分别研究了碳钢10^#、不锈钢316L、紫铜T2和铝合金LF21在海水和污水中的腐蚀速率、电偶腐蚀速率以及微观腐蚀形貌;并运用模糊综合评价法进行评价,为合理选择换热设备金属材料提供依据。结果表明,根据金属均匀腐蚀耐蚀性十级标准,不锈钢316L、紫铜T2与铝合金LF21都属于耐蚀金属,不锈钢316L在静止和流动水环境中,均具有最好的耐蚀性;在严格避免与电位较正金属偶合使用的前提下,铝合金LF21比碳钢10^#和紫铜T2耐蚀,其经济性也较为优秀;碳钢10^#虽耐蚀性差但胜在价格优势,是实际工程最常用的金属材料。     

聚乙二醇酯磷酸锌三元配合物在水中的摩擦性能研究

合成了 3种聚乙二醇酯磷酸锌 (铈 )水溶性润滑添加剂 ,采用红外光谱表征其结构 ,四球摩擦磨损试验机测定其摩擦学性能。结果表明 ,分子中聚乙二醇作为水溶性基团 ,相对分子质量以 1 0 0 0为宜 ,相对分子质量太小 ,聚合物在水中溶解性差 ,影响其润滑性能 ;聚乙二醇的相对分子质量过大 ,导致聚合物在水中的溶解性太好 ,影响其在金属表面的吸附 ,同样影响其润滑性能。作为油性剂作用的疏水基团 ,碳链较长者润滑性能好 ,润滑性能优劣顺序 :C1 7H35>C1 1 H2 3>C7H1 5。金属元素作为活性元素 ,铈的抗磨性能优于锌的抗磨性能。一个分子中同时具有亲水性、疏水性、反应性等几类官能团 ,则兼具油性剂和极压剂功能 ,是性能优良的水溶性润滑添加剂     

Al-Sn-Ga-Bi-Pb-Cd合金电极低温海水电化学性能研究

制备了一种Al-Sn-Ga-Bi-Pb-Cd新型铝合金阳极,研究铝阳极在常温及低温海水中的电化学性能和腐蚀形貌。结果表明:低温海水环境使铝阳极开路电位正移,20℃时开路电位约在-1.23 V(vs.SCE),4℃海水中开路电位偏移至-0.91 V。低温海水环境使电荷转移电阻(Rt)增大,减弱了合金的活化能力,20℃下Rt为1.56 m~2,4℃时增大到3.39 m~2。恒电流放电实验显示,20℃海水中阳极激活时间为5 min,稳定电位达到-1.31 V,而4℃时激活时间为30 min,稳定电位为-1.15 V。铝阳极溶解为局部腐蚀,电流密度在3 A/dm~2使铝阳极溶解更为均匀,溶解过程有部分金属发生脱落,腐蚀产物主要为氢氧化铝以及少量镁钙的氢氧化物。