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1.
Effects of dietary conjugated linoleic acid on the expression of uncoupling proteins in mice and rats 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:2
CLA inhibits mammary cancer and reduces body fat accumulation in rodents. It is not known whether uncoupling proteins (UCP),
which are modulators of energy balance and metabolism, play a role in these actions of CLA. To determine the effects of dietary
CLA on the expression of UCP in various tissues, 5-wk-old Sprague-Dawley rats and C57BI/6 mice were fed diets containing 1%
CLA for 3 wk. CLA treatment reduced adipose depot weights in both rats and mice but had no significant effects on body weight.
There was a species-specific effect of CLA on the expression of UCP. Whereas CLA did not affect the expression of UCP in most
tissues in rats, mice fed CLA had increased expression of UCP2 in the mammary gland, brown adipose tissue (BAT), and white
adipose tissue (WAT). Furthermore, UCP1 and UCP3 mRNA and protein levels in BAT were significantly lower in CLA-fed mice compared
to controls. Skeletal muscle UCP3 mRNA was unchanged, but UCP3 protein levels were significantly increased in mice, suggesting
translational or posttranslational regulation of this protein. Results from this study suggest that alterations in the expression
of UCP in mice may be related to the previously reported effects of dietary CLA in lowering adiposity and increasing FA oxidation.
In rats, however, induction of UCP is not likely to be responsible for fat reduction or for the inhibitory action of CLA on
mammary carcinogenesis. 相似文献
2.
3.
Kosuke Otani Hiroshi Funada Risa Teranishi Muneyoshi Okada Hideyuki Yamawaki 《International journal of molecular sciences》2022,23(8)
Zucker fatty diabetes mellitus (ZFDM) rats harboring the missense mutation (fa) in a leptin receptor gene have been recently established as a novel animal model of obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D). Here, we explored changes in cardiovascular dynamics including blood pressure and heart rate (HR) associated with the progression of obesity and T2D, as well as pathological changes in adipose tissue and kidney. There was no significant difference in systolic blood pressure (SBP) in ZFDM-Leprfa/fa (Homo) compared with ZFDM-Leprfa/+ (Hetero) rats, while HR and plasma adrenaline in Homo were significantly lower than Hetero. The mRNA expression of monocyte chemotactic protein-1 in perirenal white adipose tissue (WAT) from Homo was significantly higher than Hetero. Interscapular brown adipose tissue (BAT) in Homo was degenerated and whitened. The plasma blood urea nitrogen in Homo was significantly higher than Hetero. In summary, we demonstrated for the first time that HR and plasma adrenaline concentration but not SBP in Homo decrease with obesity and T2D. In addition, inflammation occurs in WAT from Homo, while whitening occurs in BAT. Further, renal function is impaired in Homo. In the future, ZFDM rats will be useful for investigating metabolic changes associated with the progression of obesity and T2D. 相似文献
4.
Jean Himms-Hagen 《Lipids》1972,7(5):310-323
The lipid-containing tissues are important in cold-exposure (exposure to cold of animals not previously living in the cold)
and in cold-acclimation (the adaptive state achieved when animals have lived in the cold for several weeks); these are the
white adipose tissue and the brown adipose tissue. The white adipose tissue serves as a store of readily mobilized substrate
(free fatty acids [FFA]) for calorigenesis in other tissues during cold-exposure, principally for shivering thermogenesis
in muscle. The mobilization of the sterol lipid is brought about through activation of the sympathetic nervous system by the
cold stress. The brown adipose tissue has two functions in cold-exposure and in cold-adaptation, both quite distinct from
the function of the white adipose tissue. These functions are heat production and the maintenance of the adaptationto cold.
The triglycerides stored in the brown adipose tissue are mobilized as FFA, also via activation of the sympathetic nervous
system, but the FFA are used primarily within the brown adipose tissue itself. The FFA are the agents which switch on the
calorigenesis in the brown adipose tissue (via a poorly understood form of “loosening” of the coupling of oxidative phosphorylation);
they also serve as the substrate for the calorigenesis. The heat-producing function of the brown adipose tissue occurs in
both cold-exposed and in cold-acclimated animals; it is of greater importance in the latter because this tissue normally grows
in response to cold. Much of the heat production in cold-acclimated animals (nonshivering thermogenesis) occurs outside the
brown adipose tissue itself, most probably in the muscles, and the cold-acclimated animal differs from the cold-exposed animal
in being able to switch on nonshivering thermogenesis via activation of the sympathetic nervous system. The maintenance of
this adaptation for nonshivering thermogenesis in tissue other than the brown adipose tissue itself depends upon the brown
adipose tissue. The adaptation disappears if the brown adipose tissue is removed; the adaptation does not develop if the normal
proliferation of mitochondria in the growing brown adipose tissue is inhibited (with oxytetracycline) during acclimation of
rats to cold. The mechanism by which the brown adipose tissue exerts this second function is at present unknown. An increased
turnover of certain mitochondrial proteins occurs in those tissues (skeletal muscle and brown adipose tissue) in which nonshivering
thermogenesis occurs in cold-acclimated rats; no change in turnover of mitochondrial proteins occurs in other tissues (liver
and kidney). The relation of this alteration in mitochondrial proteins to the adaptation for nonshivering thermogenesis is
at present unknown. However this first demonstration of a biochemical difference between skeletal muscle of cold-acclimated
rats and skeletal muscle of warm-acclimated rats opens up a new approach to the study of the nature of both the adaptation
for nonshivering thermogenesis and of the role of the brown adipose tissue in the development and maintenance of this adaptation.
Presented at the Symposium on “Lipids in Metabolic Stress,” AOCS Fall Meeting, Atlantic City, October 1971.
Bond Award paper. Award presented at the AOCS Spring Meeting, Los Angeles, April 1972. 相似文献
5.
Lysophosphatidic acid (lysoPtdOH) levels have previously been reported to decrease in rodents with short-term fasting. We investigated whether a 16 h fast would change expression of autotaxin, the predominant phospholipase D responsible for adipose-derived lysoPtdOH synthesis, or any of the lysophosphatidic acid receptors (1–6) in four white adipose tissue (WAT) depots and interscapular brown adipose tissue (BAT) in male C57Bl/6J mice fed ad libitum, or fasted for 16 h. Aside from small inductions of Lpar1 in epididymal WAT and Lpar2 in epididymal and inguinal WAT, no significant changes were observed in expression of the Lpar family members, or autotaxin in perirenal, retroperitoneal, epididymal, or inguinal WAT or BAT with fasting. Comparison of the relative expression of Lpar1-6 in various depots showed that Lpar6 was the predominant Lpar in both WAT and BAT, and suggests that further work on the adipose-specific role of Lpar6 is warranted. 相似文献
6.
Xiao Luo Ru Jia Qiangling Zhang Bo Sun Jianqun Yan 《International journal of molecular sciences》2016,17(5)
Cold exposure or β3-adrenoceptor agonist treatment induces the adipose tissues remodeling, relevant for beige adipogenesis within white adipose tissue (WAT). It remains unclear whether this process influences inflammatory adipokines expression in adipose tissues. We determine the temporal profile of cold or β3-adrenoceptor agonist (CL316,243)-induced changes in the expression of inflammatory adipokines in adipose tissues in mice or primary mice adipocytes. Male C57BL/6J mice at eight weeks old were exposed to 4 °C for 1–5 days. Interscapular brown adipose tissue (iBAT), inguinal subcutaneous WAT (sWAT) and epididymal WAT (eWAT) were harvested for gene and protein expression analysis. In addition, cultured primary mice brown adipocyte (BA) and white adipocyte (WA) treated with or without CL316,243 were harvested for gene expression analysis. The inflammatory adipokines expressed significantly higher in WAT than BAT at baseline. They were rapidly changed in iBAT, while down-regulated in sWAT and up-regulated in eWAT during the cold acclimation. Upon CL316,243 treatment, detected inflammatory adipokines except Leptin were transiently increased in both BA and WA. Our in vivo and in vitro data demonstrate that the browning process alters the inflammatory adipokines expression in adipose tissues, which is acutely responded to in iBAT, dynamically decreased in sWAT whilst increased in eWAT for compensation. 相似文献
7.
The triacylglcyerols of white adipose tissue (WAT) from animals with high rates of lipogenesis, such as obese hyperglycemic
mice or hypothalamically lesioned rats, contain high proportions of palmitoleic acid (16∶1) and low proportions of linoleic
acid (18∶2). These differences appear to result from dilution of dietary 18∶2 by synthesized fatty acids, particularly 16∶1.
To test this we have investigated the triacylglycerol fatty acid composition of brown and white adipose tissue of lean and
obese mice, as brown adipose tissue (BAT) has a higher lipogenic rate than WAT and lipogenesis is faster in obese than in
lean mice. Between three and eight weeks of age the proportions of fatty acids in the tissues changed, with a marked fall
in milk-derived lauric and myristic acids. From 8 to 16 weeks they were more stable and the proportions of 16∶1 and 18∶2 in
the different tissues were as expected, with the highest and lowest proportions, respectively, in BAT from obese mice. When
BAT from obese mice was transplanted under the kidney capsule of lean mice, or vice versa, for one month, the fatty acid composition
of the grafts changed toward that of the host BAT. The proportions of 18∶2 and, to a lesser extent, 16∶1 were slightly higher
in the grafts than in the hosts but since this also occurred in lean-to-lean and obese-to-obese grafts it was probably a transplantation
artifact. Overall, the results confirm than the physiological environment, rather than the source of the adipose tissue, is
the major determinant of its fatty acid composition. 相似文献
8.
Dietary conjugated linolenic acid in relation to CLA differently modifies body fat mass and serum and liver lipid levels in rats 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
Koba K Akahoshi A Yamasaki M Tanaka K Yamada K Iwata T Kamegai T Tsutsumi K Sugano M 《Lipids》2002,37(4):343-350
The present study compared the effect of dietary conjugated linolenic acid (CLNA) on body fat and serum and liver lipid levels
with that of CLA in rats. FFA rich in linoleic acid, α-linolenic acid, CLA, or CLNA were used as experimental fats. Male Sprague-Dawley
rats (4 wk old) were fed purified diets containing 1% of one of these experimental fats. After 4 wk of feeding, adipose tissue
weights, serum and liver lipid concentrations, serum tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and leptin levels, and hepatic β-oxidation
activities were measured. Compared with linoleic acid, CLA and, more potently, CLNA were found to reduce perirenal adipose
tissue weight. The same trend was observed in the weight of epididymal adipose tissue. CLNA, but not CLA, was found to significantly
increase serum and liver IG concentrations. Serum FFA concentration was also increased in the CLNA group more than in the
other groups. The activity of β-oxidation in liver mitochondria and peroxisomes was significantly higher in the CLNA group
than in the other groups. Thus, the amount of liver TG exceeded the ability of hepatic β-oxidation. Significant positive correlation
was found between the adipose tissue weights and serum leptin levels in all animals (vs. perirenal: r=0.557, P<0.001; vs. epididymal: r=0.405, P<0.05). A less significant correlation was found between adipose tissue weights and serum TNF-α level (vs. perirenal: r=0.069, P<0.1; vs. epididymal: r=0.382, P<0.05). Although the mechanism for the specific effect of CLNA is not clear at present, these findings indicate that in rats
CLNA modulated the body fat and TG metabolism differently from CLA. 相似文献
9.
Negar Mir Shannon A. Chin Michael C. Riddell Jacqueline L. Beaudry 《International journal of molecular sciences》2021,22(16)
Glucocorticoids (GCs) are hormones that aid the body under stress by regulating glucose and free fatty acids. GCs maintain energy homeostasis in multiple tissues, including those in the liver and skeletal muscle, white adipose tissue (WAT), and brown adipose tissue (BAT). WAT stores energy as triglycerides, while BAT uses fatty acids for heat generation. The multiple genomic and non-genomic pathways in GC signaling vary with exposure duration, location (adipose tissue depot), and species. Genomic effects occur directly through the cytosolic GC receptor (GR), regulating the expression of proteins related to lipid metabolism, such as ATGL and HSL. Non-genomic effects act through mechanisms often independent of the cytosolic GR and happen shortly after GC exposure. Studying the effects of GCs on adipose tissue breakdown and generation (lipolysis and adipogenesis) leads to insights for treatment of adipose-related diseases, such as obesity, coronary disease, and cancer, but has led to controversy among researchers, largely due to the complexity of the process. This paper reviews the recent literature on the genomic and non-genomic effects of GCs on WAT and BAT lipolysis and proposes research to address the many gaps in knowledge related to GC activity and its effects on disease. 相似文献
10.
11.
Alpha-Lipoic Acid Alleviates Acute Inflammation and Promotes Lipid Mobilization During the Inflammatory Response in White Adipose Tissue of Mice 下载免费PDF全文
Recently, white adipose tissue has been shown to exhibit immunological activity, and may play an important role in host defense and protection against bacterial infection. Αlpha‐lipoic acid (α‐LA) has been demonstrated to function as an anti‐inflammatory and anti‐oxidant agent. However, its influence on the inflammatory response and metabolic changes in white adipose tissue remains unknown. We used male C57BL/6 mice as models to study the effect of α‐LA on the inflammatory response and metabolic changes in white adipose tissue after stimulation with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The non‐esterified fatty acid content was measured by an automatic biochemical analyzer. The expression of inflammation‐, lipid‐ and energy metabolism‐related genes and proteins was determined by quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction and western blotting. The results indicated that α‐LA significantly decreased the epididymis fat weight index and the non‐esterified fatty acid content in plasma compared with the control group. LPS significantly increased the expression of inflammation genes and α‐LA reduced their expression. The LPS‐induced expression of nuclear factor‐κB protein was decreased by α‐LA. Regarding lipid metabolism, α‐LA significantly counteracted the inhibitory effects of LPS on the expression of hormone‐sensitive lipase gene and protein. α‐LA evidently increased the gene expression of fatty acid transport protein 1 and cluster of differentiation 36. Regarding energy metabolism, α‐LA significantly increased the expression of most of mitochondrial DNA‐encoded genes compared with the control and LPS group. Accordingly, α‐LA can alleviate acute inflammatory response and this action may be related with the promotion of lipid mobilization in white adipose tissue. 相似文献
12.
13.
Eric G. Ball 《Lipids》1970,5(2):220-223
The action of catecholamines on white and brown adipose tissue is compared. The available evidence indicates that lipolysis
is initiated in both tissues by hormonal action. There are, however, some differences in the behavior of the lipolytic process
in the two tissues in their response to theophylline, nicotinic acid and insulin which remain unexplained. It would appear
that the release of free fatty acids triggers the stimulation of O2 consumption in both tissues. In brown adipose tissue no evidence has been obtained to indicate that the increased O2 consumption is geared to the production of ATP for the purpose of reesterification of the released free fatty acids, as is
the case in white adipose tissue.
One of nine papers to be published from the Symposium “Brown Adipose Tissue,” presented at the AOCS-AACC Joint Meeting, Washington,
D.C., March 1968. 相似文献
14.
María S. Giménez Ana M. Ponce de Ascheri María E. Elorza de Orellano Liliana Oliveros Fanny Zirulnik de Hodara Mirta R. Bonomi Luis A. Giménez 《Lipids》1989,24(11):985-987
Male goats (“Criolla Argentina” breed), castrated at 45 days of age, showed altered lipid metabolism 180 days after castration
as compared to control goats. Subcutaneous, perirenal and omental adipose tissues of castrated goats showed increases in fatty
acid synthetase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and NADP-isocitrate dehydrogenase activities. Castration increased the
amount of total lipids and triglycerides, but did not modify the amount of cholesterol, phospholipid and protein in the three
types of adipose tissue. The incorporation of [1-14C]acetate into fatty acids of subcutaneous and perirenal adipose tissue was increased in castrated goats in relation to noncastrated
goats. Our results suggest that removal of gonadal steroids increases significantly the rate of lipogenesis in adipose tissue
of male goats. 相似文献
15.
Fusheng Guo Yanlin Zhu Yaping Han Xuhui Feng Zhifu Pan Ying He Yong Li Lihua Jin 《International journal of molecular sciences》2022,23(12)
Decidual protein induced by progesterone (DEPP) was originally identified as a modulator in the process of decidualization in the endometrium. Here, we define that DEPP is involved in adipose tissue thermogenesis, which contributes to metabolic regulation. Knockdown of DEPP suppressed adipocyte differentiation and lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 cells, induced expression of brown adipose tissue (BAT) markers in primary brown adipocyte and induced mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) differentiation to brown adipocytes. Moreover, DEPP deficiency in mice induced white adipocyte browning and enhanced BAT activity. Cold exposure stimulated more browning of white adipose tissue (WAT) and maintained higher body temperature in DEPP knockout mice compared to that in wild-type control mice. DEPP deficiency also protected mice against high-fat-diet-induced insulin resistance. Mechanistic studies demonstrated that DEPP competitively binds SIRT1, inhibiting the interaction between peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) and Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1). Collectively, these findings suggest that DEPP plays a crucial role in orchestrating thermogenesis through regulating adipocyte programs and thus might be a potential target for the treatment of metabolic disorders. 相似文献
16.
Tritiated water was used to measure the rate of fatty acid synthesis in the main tissues and organs of 7-week old wistar male
rats in order to determine the relative contribution of each tissue to body fatty acid synthesis. We reached the following
conclusions: (a) the liver is the main site of fatty acid synthesis, it alone synthesizes 42% of the newly synthesized fatty
acids in the body. (b) The dissectable white adipose tissues synthesize 27% of the fatty acids in the body. This group of
tissues is heterogeneous because the mesenteric adipose tissue alone contains 40% of the labeled fatty acids present in the
white adipose tissues. (c) Besides the intestines, organs other than the liver play a negligible role (2% of the total) in
fatty acid synthesis. (d) The skin contributes 7% of the body fatty acid synthesis. (e) The rest of the carcass, essentially
composed of the musculature and the skeleton, contributes 18% of body fatty acid synthesis and accounts for 33% of the extrahepatic
tissue fatty acid synthesis. 相似文献
17.
Masahiro Yamasaki Shinya Hasegawa Tetsuya Kitani Kensuke Hidai Tetsuya Fukui 《European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology》2007,109(6):617-622
In order to investigate the physiological role of the ketone body‐utilizing enzyme acetoacetyl‐CoA synthetase (AACS) in obesity‐induced metabolic derangements, we examined the mRNA levels of AACS and other lipogenic enzymes in white adipose tissues (WAT) in the different types of obesity, genetic (Zucker fatty) and high‐fat diet (HFD)‐induced obesity. Plasma ketone body levels and gene expression levels of AACS and acetyl‐CoA carboxylase‐2 (ACC‐2) in WAT were lower in Zucker fatty rats than in lean rats. On the contrary, in HFD‐induced obese rats, these levels were increased. Moreover, AACS mRNA expression was affected only in subcutaneous WAT by each type of obesity. Our data suggest that AACS mRNA expression is related to obesity‐induced alteration of plasma ketone body levels, and that AACS in subcutaneous WAT plays an important role in the regulation of lipogenesis and ketone body utilization in various obese conditions. 相似文献
18.
R. G. Vernon 《Lipids》1976,11(9):662-669
The effects of different dietary fats on ovine adipose tissue metabolism have been investigated. Six-month old sheep were
fed for 6 weeks a control diet or diets supplemented with either tallow or a mixture of sunflower seed oil and soybean oil,
treated to protect the fats from hydrolysis and hydrogenation in the rumen, or with maize oil. The rates of fatty acid, glyceride
glycerol, and CO2 formation were measured in perirenal and subcutaneous adipose tissue slices by following the incorporation of either14C from labeled acetate or glucose, or3H from tritiated water into the appropriate product. Feeding protected tallow or maize oil but not protected sunflower seed
oil plus soybean oil resulted in reduced rates of fatty acid biosynthesis in both perirenal and subcutaneous adipose tissue
slices and CO2 formation in perirenal adipose tissue. Feeding the fat-supplemented diets had no effect on the rate of glyceride glycerol
formation. The fat-supplemented diets also resulted in reduced activities of various enzymes, thought to be involved in lipogenesis,
measured in 105,000× g supernatant fractions from adipose tissue homogenates. The results suggested that ovine adipose tissue
lipogenesis is sensitive to both the amount and the nature of dietary fat. 相似文献
19.
The in vivo fatty acid synthesis rate, selected enzyme activities and fatty acid composition of rat white adipose tissue from
animals fed semisynthetic diets of differing fat type and content were studied. All animals were starved for 48 hr and then
refed a fat-free (FF) diet for 48 hr. They were then divided into three groups. One group was continued on the FF diet for
48 hr. Another group was fed a diet containing 44% of calories from corn oil (CO). The final group was fed a diet containing
44% of calories from completely hydrogenated soybean oil (HSO). The animals on the FF diet had a marked increase in adipose
tissue fatty acid synthesis during the 96-hr feeding peroid (as measured by3H incorporation into adipose fatty acids). Addition of either CO or HSO to the diets did not significantly inhibit fatty acid
synthesis in dorsal or epididymal adipose tissue. The activities of the enzymes' fatty acid synthetase, ATP-citrate lyase
and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase increased on the FF diet and generally were not inhibited significantly by the addition
of either fat to the diets. Linoleic acid was the major polyunsaturated fatty acid (ca. 22%) in adipose tissue. Monounsaturated
fatty acids (palmitoleic, oleic,cis-vaccenic) made up ca 38% of the total adipose fatty acids, while saturated fatty acids accounted for about 32% (myristic,
palmitic and stearic). White adipose tissue in mature male rats was a major depot for n−3 fatty acids. There were differences
in the fatty acid composition of epididymal and dorsal adipose tissue, particularly in their content of long chain, polyunsaturated
fatty acids with epididymal tissue containing more of these compounds than dorsal fat. The fatty acid composition of the white
adipose tissue did not change significantly during fasting or 96 hr of refeeding the FF diets. The addition of HSO to the
diet for 48 hr had little influence on the adipose tissue fatty acid composition, but the addition of CO to the diet caused
a 7% increase in the dorsal adipose tissue linoleate content (as percentage of total dorsal adipose tissue fatty acids) within
48 hr compared to animals fed the stock diet and those starved for 48 hr. The fatty acid synthesis data indicated that adipose
tissue in the rat can continue to be a source of de novo fatty acid synthesis in animals consuming high-fat diets. 相似文献
20.
Effects of dietary methionine and cystine on lipid metabolism in hepatoma-bearing rats with hyperlipidemia 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Abnormal lipid metabolism and its restoration by dietary methionine (Met) and cystine (Cys) were studied in Donryu rats subcutaneously
implanted with an ascites hepatoma cell line of AH109A. The hepatoma-bearing rats exhibited byperlipidemia characterized by
rises in serum triglyceride and cholesterol levels. Decreased lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activities in epididymal adipose tissue,
cardiac muscle, and gastrocnemius as well as increased fatty acid mobilization from adipose tissue were considered to be responsible
for the hepatoma-induced hypertriglyceridemia, while increased hepatic cholesterogenesis and decreased steroid excretion into
feces were thought to be responsible for the hepatoma-induced hypercholesterolemia. Dietary-supplemented Met or Cys reduced
the AH109A-induced hypertriglyceridemia with suppression of fatty acid synthesis in the host liver. Met restored the fall
of LPL activities, while Cys did not. Dietary Met or Cys also reduced the hypercholesterolemia with restoration of decreased
bile acid excretion into feces. These results suggest that dietary Met or Cys is hypolipidemic in the hepatoma-bearing rats
with slight differences in their modes of action. 相似文献