车用聚氨酯泡沫材料VOC及气味改进综述

分析了车用聚氨酯泡沫材料气味来源,综合概述了当前车用聚氨酯泡沫材料挥发性有机化合物(VOC)和气味控制技术方面研究进展.首先以聚氨酯泡沫材料两大原料即聚醚多元醇及异氰酸酯为对象,从低气味聚醚多元醇的开发和异氰酸酯单体替代等方面介绍了降低聚氨酯泡沫VOC及气味的方法;其次从生产聚氨酯泡沫的各种助剂,包括催化剂、硅酮表面活...     

双亲性聚氨酯的制备和应用进展

综述了双亲性聚氨酯的结构分类,各种制备方法和亲疏水基团的引入方法,介绍了双亲性聚氨酯材料在弹性体、医用材料和表面活性剂等方面的应用。     

环保型聚氨酯体育场地铺设材料的研究

合成了MDI型聚氨酯体育场地铺设材料,对原材料的选择进行了讨论,论述了合成工艺及材料物性。研究结果表明,MDI型聚氨酯体育场地铺设材料无毒、无刺激性气味,符合环保要求,是TDI型聚氨酯体育场地铺设材料的理想替代品。     

生物可降解聚氨酯材料

介绍了近年来国内外生物可降解聚氨酯(PU)材料的研究现状。按填充型、结构型及其它分类,重点阐述了近年来国内外生物可降解聚氨酯材料的制备方法及取得的进展情况,比较了几种常用生物降解性能测试评价方法的优缺点,总结了当前生物可降解聚氨酯材料存在的问题和今后发展方向。     

木质素改性聚氨酯材料研究进展

概述了木质素改性聚氨酯材料的研究进展,重点介绍了木质素对聚氨酯材料力学性能、热稳定性、抗老化性、疏水性及阻燃性等性能的提升,指出了木质素在聚氨酯材料应用中的主要制约因素.     

功能聚氨酯材料在生物医学工程中的研究进展及应用

讨论了提高聚氨酯材料生物相客性和生物稳定性的改性方法,如表面活性端基改性、表面接枝聚合、表面形成互穿网络、使用表面活性剂、与纳米无机材料共混,介绍了功能性聚氨酯材料在生物医学工程中的应用及研究进展,表明聚氨酯材料的功能化改性仍然是今后的发展方向。     

聚氨酯木器涂料低气味技术的研究

探讨了不同类型的树脂、固化剂、溶剂对聚氨酯木器涂料涂膜残留气味的影响,重点研究如何制备聚氨酯低气味木器涂料。结果表明,选择低气味树脂及快干、溶剂释放好、与树脂相容性好的固化剂,且选择溶解力强、释放性好、自身气味低的溶剂作为稀释剂,是制备低气味涂料的前提。     

聚氨酯防水涂料的特点与防水性能研究

聚氨酯防水材料——涂料、灌浆材料、密封材料以及保温防水材料以其高弹性、耐磨性、粘接性、耐低温性、耐溶剂性、耐老化性及可发泡等优良性能得到了迅猛的发展。本文首先介绍了聚氨酯的发展与应用,然后详细介绍了聚氨酯防水涂料的特点与防水性能。     

聚氨酯泡沫塑料的燃烧性能试验方法比较

本文介绍了聚氨酯泡沫塑料燃烧性能的主要试验方法,通过对我国新旧两套材料燃烧性能分级体系中相关试验方法的比较,指出了旧体系在评价聚氨酯泡沫塑料火灾危险性上存在的不足,同时也讨论了采用新的分级体系来评价聚氨酯泡沫塑料燃烧性能的合理性和科学性。     

聚氨酯抗静电剂研究进展

首先介绍了静电荷的产生及危害,论述了抗静电剂的使用方法和作用原理,详细介绍了聚氨酯材料抗静电剂的研究现状,重点介绍了添加型抗静电剂、反应型抗静电剂在解决聚氨酯抗静电性方面的应用,介绍了其各自的特点,并展望了未来聚氨酯抗静电剂的发展趋势。     

电子鼻在咖啡产品品质检测中的应用研究

借助电子鼻检测不同类别咖啡产品的气味在传感器上的响应值,并采用主成分分析(PCA)、判别因子(DFA)和统计质量控制分析法(SQC)进行分析.结果显示,焙炒咖啡和速溶咖啡气味差异明显.电子鼻技术能够有效区分不同类别的咖啡产品,亦能将不同焙炒程度的咖啡气味区分开来,利用该技术可对咖啡产品的质量进行有效监控.     

MDI型双组分聚氨酯塑胶跑道浆料的研制

以聚醚多元醇、扩链剂、异氰酸酯、增塑剂、填料等为原材料，制备了MDI型双组分聚氨酯塑胶跑道用浆料。研究了各种因素对聚氨酯塑胶跑道制品机械性能的影响。研究表明该MDI型塑胶跑道与传统的TDI聚氨酯塑胶跑道相比，气味小，符合环保要求，而且综合性能优越。     

醋酸乙烯-乙烯乳液用于低气味环境友好高性能涂料

介绍了醋酸乙烯-乙烯(VAE)乳液的技术基础,如VAE乳液的发展、合成技术、化学结构及性能优点。重点研究了在低VOC和低气味的环境友好内墙涂料中,VAE乳液与醋丙乳液、苯丙乳液对涂料性能的影响。结果表明:VAE乳液制备的涂料相对于使用低成膜温度的醋丙乳液涂料,具有更好的低温成膜性能和耐洗刷性能,并且在低PVC(颜料体积浓度)的涂料中具有更好的弹性;VAE乳液制备的涂料相对于低成膜温度的苯丙乳液,具有更好的对比率、低温成膜性和耐洗刷性。电子鼻分析仪的测试结果表明,VAE乳液制备的涂料比使用低气味苯丙乳液制备的涂料气味更低。     

两种聚氨酯防水涂料的比较

对焦油型和非焦油水固化型聚氨酯防水涂料B组分的生产工艺、配方特点，施工操作工艺、固化时间、涂膜性能等方面进行了比较，指出新开发的非焦油型聚氨酯涂料生产周期短、能耗少、气味小，是环保型聚氨酯防水涂料。     

Studies of temperature and atmosphere composition influence on thermal degradation products of polyurethane foam

The paper presents studies on the influence of temperature and atmosphere composition on the thermal degradation products evolved from flexible polyurethane foam. The experiments have been carried on within the temperature range 200–700°C in air atmosphere and oxygen–nitrogen–helium mixtures. The main volatile toxic products and weight losses during thermal degradation of the polyurethane foam have been determined. The test results have been presented graphically.     

Sheep food repellents: Efficacy of various products,habituation, and social facilitation

The study of food repulsion in ungulates is of practical importance for controlling browsing damage to forest trees and agricultural crops. Experiments with domestic sheep assessed the repulsive value of three natural and two synthetic products, using a food-choice situation. Animals were individually presented with two troughs, each containing 30 g of maize, one treated with a chemical product, and the other a control. The odor of domestic dog feces appeared to be highly repulsive, as none of the treated food was eaten, whereas 3 g ±9 and 6 g ±10 were eaten, respectively, of food treated with fetal fluids from sheep and odor of pig feces. Synthetic odors of lion feces and a commercial deer repellent were less efficient as repellents with 11 g ±13 and 14 g ±15 of food eaten, respectively. Habituation to three of the repellents was tested for a minimum of seven successive days. With dog feces, no habituation to the odor was observed. On the contrary, significant habituation (P < 0.05) was observed as early as the third trial for sheep fetal fluids and the fourth trial for the commercial repellent. To test for the effects of social facilitation, groups of four sheep including no, one, or two anosmic animals were presented with food treated with the odor of dog feces. No social facilitation was observed as none of the intact sheep ate any of the food, although the anosmic animals actively ate it throughout the test. In individual food choice tests, the odor of dog feces appeared to be an especially efficient repellent when compared with the other natural or synthetic products. Such repulsion was nearly complete, and neither habituation nor social facilitation could be observed.     

桐油基阻燃多元醇制备及其在硬质聚氨酯泡沫中应用

以桐油(TO)为基本原料,先后经过酯交换反应、磷钨酸季铵盐催化环氧化反应、环氧开环反应生成桐油基阻燃多元醇(TOBP),并将制备的TOBP与异氰酸酯(PAPI)共混通过一步发泡的方式制备得到阻燃型硬质聚氨酯泡沫(FRPUR)。采用傅立叶变换红外光谱和氢谱对产物的结构进行表征,分析结果表明,已成功制备出环氧中间体和TOBP;热重测试结果表明TO、桐油甲酯(TOME)、环氧桐油甲酯(ETOME)和TOBP的热稳定性顺序依次为TOBPETOMETOTOME。通过发泡和极限氧指数、力学强度等测试手段,考察了桐油基PUR泡沫的阻燃性能和力学性能,并与由工业级聚醚多元醇制备的FRPUR硬泡进行比较。分析测试结果表明,由TOBP制备的FRPUR具有良好的阻燃性能和力学性能。     

Glycolyzed products from PET waste and their application in synthesis of polyurethane dispersions

Soft drinks poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) bottles were depolymerized by glycolysis with different molar ratio of glycol, such as propylene glycol (PG), triethylene glycol (TEG) and poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG 400), in the presence of a zinc acetate catalyst. These glycolyzed products were characterized by hydroxyl value (HV) determinations. The obtained glycolyzed products were reacted with isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI), dimethylol propionic acid (DMPA), as potential ionic center for water dispersibility, and mixed with ethylene diamine (EDA) as extender chain to prepare polyurethane dispersions. The PET glycolyzed products and polyurethane formation were characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The molecular masses distribution of oligoester polyol and polyurethane dispersions were determined by using gel permeation chromatography (GPC). The effect of different PET/glycol molar ratio, on the physico-mechanical properties, such as hardness, adhesion test and gloss of polyurethane films were investigated. Thermal properties were investigated by thermogravimetric analysis (TG) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC).     

高强度低VOC玻璃纤维增强聚丙烯材料的开发

以含30％短玻璃纤维的聚丙烯(PP)为基础,从源头开始控制材料的气味和VOC含量,即将所有可能用到的配料参照大众汽车PV3900气味测试标准进行筛选,优先选择气味等级不超过3级的原料和助剂.主要对当前市场上的几种不同的低气味马来酸酐接枝聚丙烯相容剂(PP-g-MAH)、不同抗氧剂体系和不同气味吸收剂进行了研究.结果表明...