浅谈光缆的熔接技术

光纤传输具有损耗小、传输距离远、工作频带宽、抗干扰能力强、原材料丰富等优点,是广电网络理想的传输载体。在有线电视中只使用单模光纤。光在光纤中传输时会产生损耗,这种损耗主要由光纤自身的传输损耗和光纤接头处的熔接损耗组成。光缆一经定购,其光纤自身的传输损耗也基本确定,而光纤接头处的熔接损耗则与光纤的本身及现场施工有关。光纤接续是光纤传输系统中工程量最大、技术要求最复杂的重要工序,其质量好坏直接影响光纤线路的传输质量和可靠性。     

光纤熔接详析

光纤传输具有传输频带宽、通信容量夫、损耗低、不受电磁干扰、光缆直径小、重量轻、原材料来源丰富等优点,因而正成为新的传输媒介。光在光纤中传输时会产生损耗,这种损耗主要是由光纤自身的传输损耗和光纤接头处的熔接损耗组成。光缆一经定购,其光纤自身的传输损耗也基本确定,而光纤接、大处的熔接损耗则与光纤的本身及现场施工有关。努力降低光纤接头处的熔接损耗,则可增大光纤中继放大传输距离和提高光纤链路的衰减裕量。     

光纤熔接技术

光在光纤中传输时会产生损耗,这种损耗主要由光纤自身的传输损耗和光纤接头处的熔接损耗组成。光纤自身的传输损耗是一个确定值,而光纤接头处的熔接损耗则与光纤的本身及现场施工有关。努力降低光纤接头处的熔接损耗,则可增大光纤中继放大传输距离和提高光纤链路的衰减裕量。     

数字有线电视技术系列讲座第十一讲 光纤数字传输(上)

光纤数字传输是利用光纤作为传输媒质来传输数字信号,它包含数字化广播电视信号及数字信息的传输和交换。本讲先介绍光纤传输知识及技术,然后介绍光纤数字传输系统组成、数字信号调制、系统性能指标及数据信息传输。1　光纤传输特性光纤的传输特性主要有两个,即衰减特性与色散特性。(1)衰减特性光纤的衰减是光纤最重要的特性之一。它表示光在光纤中传输一定距离后其能量损耗的程度,用单位长度的光纤对信号损失的ｄＢ数来表示,常用ｄＢ/ｋｍ作单位。光纤的衰减主要由吸收损耗、散射损耗及辐射损耗等因素引起。吸收损耗是光波在传输过程中由纯…     

光纤系统性能浅析

光纤传输系统具有频带宽、传输损耗小等优点 ,世界先进国家以及我国经济发达地区的有线电视网普遍采用光纤同轴电缆混合 (ＨＦＣ)网。随着科学技术的进步 ,光端设备及光缆的价格下降 ,有利于有线电视经营者采用光纤技术进行网络升级改造。因此 ,ＣＡＴＶ工程技术人员应掌握有关光纤系统性能方面的知识。1　光纤传输特性及其对系统性能的影响1.1　光纤传输带宽及传输损耗ＣＡＴＶ光纤系统采用的激光是频率为 10 14 Ｈｚ量级的电磁波。单模光纤传输带宽 >30ＴＨｚ(Ｔ =10 12 )。多模光纤传输带宽达 80 0ＭＨｚ,如图 1。在通信领域 ,用光纤传输…     

熔拉与腐蚀光纤探针传输特性的研究

用实验方法测量了用熔拉或腐蚀的方法制备的光纤探针的传输效率随光纤圆锥角的变化关系,作出传输效率曲线,通过测定光纤探针传输效率的实验,我们看到:在小锥角的情况下,用熔拉法制备的光纤探针与腐蚀的方法制备的光纤探针的传输效率基本相同。在大锥角的情况下,用腐蚀法制备的光纤探针传输效率高于熔拉的方法制备的光纤探针的传输效率。在锥角为50.4°时,腐蚀的光纤探针传输效率为78.8%,熔拉的光纤探针传输效率为76.6%。在相同的条件下,两者的传输效率的差别随入射光波长的增加而下降。     

光纤CRTV网络中DWDM技术的应用研究探讨

光纤作为一种具有大容量传输特性的传输介质在近年来得到广泛的应用,光纤到户的发展以及越来越多的宽带信号需要传输使得同一根光纤必须传输更多的信号,密集波分复用技术的诞生使得单一的光纤上能传输更多的数据信号。作为一种理想的传输介质光纤正在代替有线电视原来使用的同轴电缆,光纤有线电视已成为国内广播电视行业的发展趋势,密集波分复用技术使得有线电视网络中已敷设的光纤获得充分利用,这一技术在光纤有线电视中正越来越多的使用。     

解析光纤信号传输系统应用于工业控制中的解决方案

随着光纤技术的成熟,电子产业的不断发展,光纤信号传输系统在工业控制中得到广泛应用。文章对光纤进行简要说明,架构光纤传输网络,设计了5公里的传输方案,并提出了选择不同方案的原则,以提高整个光纤信号传输系统的使用寿命和传输性能。     

色散平坦光纤中的高速率PM-16QAM信号传输研究

提出了一种高速率、偏振复用、正交幅度调制信号的色散平坦光纤传输系统,传输速率分别为160 Gbps和256 Gbps,调制格式为PM-16QAM。实验研究了色散平坦光纤链路系统的传输特性,并分别与非零色散位移光纤和标准单模光纤链路传输特性做了比较。实验结果表明,较低输入光功率情况下,PM-16QAM信号在160 Gbps传输50 km时,经色散平坦光纤传输后的误差矢量幅度EVM优于经非零色散位移光纤传输情况0.5%,比特误码率BER优于非零色散位移光纤传输情况两个数量级;色散平坦光纤链路能更好地衰减旁瓣噪声;256 Gbps传输50 km和75 km时,仅在色散平坦光纤链路传输后可以较好地解调出信号;传输距离越长,保持较好特性时输入光功率范围越小。对比160 Gbps和256 Gbps情况,高速率PM-16QAM信号在色散平坦光纤链路的传输特性优于非零色散位移光纤和标准单模光纤链路的传输特性,传输速率越高、传输距离越长效果越明显。     

通信光纤传输中波分复用技术的应用分析

光纤技术是在新时代科学技术的发展下出现的,光纤传输是利用光导纤维作为传输的连接物。主要是用于在信号和数据的传输,光纤技术的特点是传输的质量好、速度快、能够传输一些体积比较大的东西。而通信光纤传输技术在人们的日常生活中得到普遍的应用,科学技术的支持让光纤传输技术得到了突破,在波分复用技术中使用通信光纤传输,能够增加网络传输的稳定度,以及传输的速度。人们对网络质量和下载速度有了更高的要求,传统的通信光纤已经不能满足人们的需求,而在通信传输中波分复用技术的应用可以保障人们的日常需求,本文通过对通信光纤传输中波分复用技术的应用分析,探索波分复用技术的优点。     

Towards Mobile Ubiquitous Service Environment

In this article we present a perspective on future vision of mobile communications and services which is referred to as Mobile Ubiquitous Service Environment (MUSE). Based on analysis of wireless communications and services, we exploit a conceptual model for MUSE via a top-down approach. The conceptual model consists of three major elements: Terminal Service Environment (TSE), Network Service Environment (NSE) and User Identity (UID). The concept of Always the Best Experience (ABE) is addressed as the hinge in design and development such that the user-centric services could be provided automatically and intelligently in the future diverse wireless world Based on these, we further discuss the issues on design and implementation of architecture of future wireless communication system. Requirements for architecture brought by the new features of MUSE are listed. Moreover, we also address several tradeoffs that should be taken into consideration in design. Finally, the deployment challenges for MUSE, such as reflectiveness of system, security and privacy, as well as peer-to-peer AAA are predicted.Ji Yang received PhD degree on Circuit and System, Bachelor degree on Telecommunication Engineering from Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications (BUPT) in 2002 and 1993 respectively. Currently, he is an associate professor of BUPT, chief technical supervisor of Wireless Technology Innovation Institute, and vice manager of MTlab of Sino-Germany Software Institute. He leads the research on service and application in Future Forum in China. He also made much contribution to the China Communication Standardization Association (CCSA), including the vision of future Mobile Ubiquitous Service Environment, architecture of future B3G mobile terminal, etc. His research interests include architecture design for mobile ubiquitous networks, theory of self-organization, etc.Zhang Ping is now the professor of Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications and director of Wireless Technology Innovation (WTI) Institute, BUPT. He has also served on the senior member of C3G Group, China MOST 863 future mobile communication FuTURE project, vice-chairman of China FuTURE Forum, and member of Vision Committee of World Wireless Research Forum(WWRF), he was vice chair of WWRF in 2005. He is also invited as the consultants for many domestic and oversea communication companies. He is very active on the international research activity on Beyond 3G area. He also participated in several European projects such as E2R and MOCCA. Until now, he has published 6 books, around 400 publications in journals and conferences in the area of telecommunications. His main research interests are theory and applications in wireless communication area. He was awarded by government, city of Beijing and Ministry of Information Industry several times for his great contribution to the industry and research activity in China.Hu Zheng is a PH.D candidate in mobile communications engineering in Wireless Technology Innovation Institute (WTI) at Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications (BUPT). He received B.S degree from Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications in 2002, majoring in computer communications engineering. He currently works on serivce aspects of mobile ubiquitous communication system with focus on design and performance evaluation of interaction protocols and services in self-organized service environment.Wang Xu received the B.Tech. degree in electronic engineering from Beijing Polytechnic University (now named as Beijing University of Technology), Beijing, China, in 2002. Now he is working for his Ph.D. degree in Wireless Technology Innovation (WTI) Institute, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications (BUPT). His current interests include wireless communications in personal area, ad hoc networks and peer-to-peer system.Li Yinong received the BS degree major in Telecommunication Engineering in 1993 from Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, the MS degree and PhD degree major in Telecommunication and Electronic System in 1995 and 2003 from the Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications. He is currently a lecture of STE (School of Telecommunication Engineering) of BUPT. His main research interests include service modeling, service composition approach, and intelligent service. In BUPT, he has given several lectures to both graduate and undergraduate students such as Information Theory, Speech Recognition, Pattern Recognition and Artificial Intelligence.     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

Analysis of error performance on Turbo coded FDPIM

Due to variable symbol length of digital pulse interval modulation（DPIM）, it is difficult to analyze the error performances of Turbo coded DPIM. To solve this problem, a fixed-length digital pulse interval modulation（FDPIM） method is provided. The FDPIM modulation structure is introduced. The packet error rates of uncoded FDPIM are analyzed and compared with that of DPIM. Bit error rates of Turbo coded FDPIM are simulated based on three kinds of analytical models under weak turbulence channel. The results show that packet error rate of uncoded FDPIM is inferior to that of uncoded DPIM. However, FDPIM is easy to be implemented and easy to be combined, with Turbo code for soft-decision because of its fixed length. Besides, the introduction of Turbo code in this modulation can decrease the average power about 10 dBm, which means that it can improve the error performance of the system effectively.     

Energy-efficient resource allocation model for device-to-device communication in 5G wireless personal area networks

In general, there are several many devices that can overload the network and reduce performance. Devices can minimize interference and optimize bandwidth usage by using directional antennas and by avoiding overlapping communication ranges. In addition, devices need to carefully manage their use of resources, such as bandwidth and energy. Bandwidth is limited in wireless personal area networks (WPANs), so devices need to carefully select which data to send and receive. In this paper, an intelligent performance analysis of energy-efficient resource optimization model has been proposed for device-to-device (D2D) communication in fifth-generation (5G) WPAN. The proposed energy-efficient resource allocation in D2D communication is important because it helps reduce energy consumption and extend the lifespan of devices that are communicating with each other. By allocating resources in an efficient manner, communication between two devices can be optimized for maximum efficiency. This helps reduce the amount of energy needed to power the communication, as well as the amount of energy needed to power the device that is communicating with another device. Additionally, efficient resource allocation helps reduce the overall cost of communication, as the use of fewer resources results in a lower overall cost. The proposed efficient resource allocation helps reduce the environmental impact of communication, as less energy is used for communication. The proposed energy-efficient resource allocation model (EERAM) has reached 92.97% of energy allocation, 88.72% of power allocation, 87.79% of bandwidth allocation, 87.93% of spectrum allocation, 88.43% of channel allocation, 25.47% of end-to-end delay, 94.33% of network data speed, and 90.99% of network throughput.     

Alternative Schemes for Dynamic Secure VPN Deployment in UMTS

Three alternative schemes for secure Virtual Private Network (VPN) deployment over the Universal Mobile Telecommunication System (UMTS) are proposed and analyzed. The proposed schemes enable a mobile node to voluntarily establish an IPsec-based secure channel to a private network. The alternative schemes differ in the location where the IPsec functionality is placed within the UMTS network architecture (mobile node, access network, and UMTS network border), depending on the employed security model, and whether data in transit are ever in clear-text, or available to be tapped by outsiders. The provided levels of privacy in the deployed VPN schemes, as well as the employed authentication models are examined. An analysis in terms of cost, complexity, and performance overhead that each method imposes to the underlying network architecture, as well as to the mobile devices is presented. The level of system reliability and scalability in granting security services is presented. The VPN management, usability, and trusted relations, as well as their behavior when a mobile user moves are analyzed. The use of special applications that require access to encapsulated data traffic is explored. Finally, an overall comparison of the proposed schemes from the security and operation point of view summarizes their relative performance. Christos Xenakis received his B.Sc. degree in computer science in 1993 and his M.Sc. degree in telecommunication and computer networks in 1996, both from the Department of Informatics and Telecommunications, University of Athens, Greece. In 2004 he received his Ph.D. from the University of Athens (Department of Informatics and Telecommunications). From 1998–2000 was with the Greek telecoms system development firm Teletel S.A., where was involved in the design and development of advanced telecommunications subsystems for ISDN, ATM, GSM, and GPRS. Since 1996 he has been a member of the Communication Networks Laboratory of the University of Athens. He has participated in numerous projects realized in the context of EU Programs (ACTS, ESPRIT, IST). His research interests are in the field of mobile/wireless networks, security and distributed network management. He is the author of over 15 papers in the above areas. Lazaros Merakos received the Diploma in electrical and mechanical engineering from the National Technical University of Athens, Greece, in 1978, and the M.S. and Ph.D. degrees in electrical engineering from the State University of New York, Buffalo, in 1981 and 1984, respectively. From 1983 to 1986, he was on the faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science at the University of Connecticut, Storrs. From 1986 to 1994 he was on the faculty of the Electrical and Computer Engineering Department at Northeastern University, Boston, MA. During the period 1993–1994 he served as Director of the Communications and Digital Processing Research Center at Northeastern University. During the summers of 1990 and 1991, he was a Visiting Scientist at the IBM T. J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, NY. In 1994, he joined the faculty of the University of Athens, Athens, Greece, where he is presently a Professor in the Department of Informatics and Telecommunications, and Director of the Communication Networks Laboratory (UoA-CNL) and the Networks Operations and Management Center. His research interests are in the design and performance analysis of broadband networks, and wireless/mobile communication systems and services. He has authored more than 150 papers in the above areas. Since 1995, he is leading the research activities of UoA-CNL in the area of mobile communications, in the framework of the Advanced Communication Technologies & Services (ACTS) and Information Society Technologies (IST) programmes funded by the European Union (projects RAINBOW, Magic WAND, WINE, MOBIVAS, POLOS, ANWIRE). He is chairman of the board of the Greek Universities Network, the Greek Schools Network, and member of the board of the Greek Research Network. In 1994, he received the Guanella Award for the Best Paper presented at the International Zurich Seminar on Mobile Communications.     

激光打标机的原理及维修

基于激光加5-技术,首先对激光打标的定义进行了阐述,介绍了激光器的种类、控制系统的演变及激光打标的优势,详细说明了激光打标机的工作原理,结合原理对激光打标机的系统组成、激光电源、激光的产生、Q开关的原理、结构及功能等作了说明,根据维修经验对激光光路的调整进行了详细总结,最后对于常见的故障现象及解决方法进行举例说明.     

混凝土电子计量中的抗干扰措施

在修建高速公路、桥梁、高层建筑等许多建筑工程中，为了保证建筑质量。多采用混凝土配料控制系统。以保证混凝土的配比。混凝土配料控制系统主要由单片机和电子计量电路构成，在施工工地大型机械和电气设备使用比较普遍，干扰源较多。但混凝土电脑配料控制系统中的电子计量由于信号较弱，易于受到各种电磁干扰。从而影响计量的精度。在研制混凝土控制系统配料的过程中，分析各种干扰产生的原因。针对不同的干扰源采取了不同的抗干扰措施，取得了较好的效果。重点介绍了在混凝土配料控制系统的工作原理和在工作过程中遇到的各种干扰源产生的原因及采取的措施。     

Granular Films for Use as Thin-Film Resistors

Abstact  In this paper we discuss thin-film electrical resistors utilizing granular films of the type (Co,Ni)-(Al,Si)-O and their electrical resistive properties. Resistive properties of the granular film resistors drastically change with metal content and after annealing at 450°C. The values of temperature coefficient of resistance (TCR) in the optimum metal content of the granular films were as low as those of conventional metallic alloy film resistors. The values of sheet resistance were much higher than those of conventional metallic alloy resistors. Therefore, granular films are useful for application to thin-film resistors with the goal of miniaturizing them.     

Status and Trends in Advanced SOI Devices and Materials

提供了一种用于安德鲁反射测量样品制备新方法. 该方法采用聚焦粒子束刻蚀和磁控溅射,可以获得可控的、干净的、无应力的纳米接触用于自旋极化探测. 所制备的样品中,磁性和非磁性材料样品的反射谱都表现出复杂的峰和谷结构,这些结构可能源于与界面相关的零偏压反常以及与激发态相关的准离子相互作用. 对另一个Co40Fe40B20合金样品采用简单的钕针尖压针方法进行了对比性测量,反射谱中没有观察到谷结构,但谱结构出现较明显的热扩展,这种热扩展可能来源于界面处的非弹性输运. 所有的反射谱目前还不能由现有的理论给出令人满意的解释. 利用点接触反射方法获得可靠的自旋极化信息还有赖于接触界面特征的进一步分析. 而一个更切合实际的、更完善的理论成为迫切的需要.