有机化合物及聚合物的计算机辅助红外光谱法鉴定

建立了计算机辅助红外光谱法鉴定有机化合物及聚合物的新方法,介绍了计算有机化合物和聚合物的一些经验公式。程序设计首先收集、整理常用聚合物、有机添加剂和有机小分子的红外光谱数据,然后提取反映该物质特征的吸收峰数据,制作ACCESS数据库,利用VisualBasicDAO数据链接方式,根据查询要求动态链接数据库,利用要求查询的聚合物特性,经过经验公式的算法翻译,生成SQL查询语句进行查询。     

有机材料在陶瓷成形中的应用

简要介绍了陶瓷成形用有机材料应具备的条件，以及有机材料在陶瓷成形中的功能。详细叙述了在各种陶瓷成形工艺中，常用的有机材料种类以及它们所起的作用，同时对部分有机添加剂的性能作了简略介绍。     

聚合物添加剂的计算机辅助质谱法鉴定

本文中建立了用计算机辅助质谱法鉴定聚合物添加剂的新方法,介绍了一些用以计算现有某些添加剂的经验公式。     

胶乳或熔融共混技术制备的云母补强天然橡胶纳米复合材料的老化行为测定

正氧气存在时天然橡胶易氧化,导致形成各种产物,如酮、醛、环氧化物、羧酸等。这可能会影响加工质量和复合材料的最终性能。通过化学发光技术研究从基态到激发态的电子跃迁过程中发射的光可检测出大多数有机材料的氧化。化学发光技术可检测聚合物氧化反应发出的低强度光与时间的关系,因此该技术可以定量测定聚合物氧化反应动力学以及热氧化过程中聚合物受微观结构和添加剂的影响。从化学发光曲线(光强度与时间关系)测定多种数据,如初始速率或发光强度,     

核磁共振波谱分析法(五)

<正> 核磁共振波谱在高分子化学中的应用1.未知聚合物样品的剖析由未知样品的核磁共振波谱与标准谱相比较是很容易确定聚合物结构的。当聚合物中含有添加剂(如增塑剂、硫化剂、硫化促进剂等)时,可使用部分弛豫福里哀变换法(PRFT)将高分子和低分子峰分开(高分子峰向上,低分子峰向下)。聚合物中含有残留的单体和溶剂时,也可用此法分开。2.聚合物序列结构的测定聚合物中单体的连接方式(如头-头连接和头-尾连接等)不同,在核磁共振波谱中有明显的反映。一般碳氢聚合物,在~1H核磁共振谱中,不同序列结构的谱峰常有重叠,计算有一定困难,需用电子计算机模拟曲     

国内外化工商讯

德国瓦克化学研制出新型硅基聚合物添加剂，硫酸烷基化工艺节能降耗显著，中科院D-对羟基苯甘氨酸新法通过鉴定，大比表面可控形貌氧化钇制备工艺通过验收，纳米型抗磨润滑油添加剂项目通过鉴定，……     

硅氧烷表面活性剂（V）（续4）：作为表面改性剂在聚合物中的应用

聚合物的表面性质在许多应用中起着关键性的作用，用最佳性能是在树脂应用时使整体／表面性质达到平衡。有许多方法可以对聚合材料进行表面改性，其中大多数方法是对终产物的表面进行处理。本中我们将阐述特定的含硅氧烷的共聚物，把它们作为表面改性添加剂加入到各种有机聚合物中，它们在加工过程中移到体系表面，从而使聚合物表面得到改性。虽然硅氧烷苯身是疏水性的，但是如果使用含有亲水链节的硅氧烷共聚物也可以得到亲水性的     

AIW—7C型汽车内腔保护蜡的研制

将各种蜡、高分子聚合物改质剂、防锈添加剂及溶剂有机地融为一体，制成ＡＩＷ－７Ｃ型汽车内腔保护蜡，通过静态、动态的防腐跟踪试验表明，该蜡喷涂性能良好、粘附力好、憬耐温变性能好，生产工艺简单。     

聚合物添加剂质谱分析

<正> 商品橡胶和塑料生产配方除了含有相应的聚合物外,常包括许多赋予聚合物材料特殊的物理和/或化学性能的配合材料(添加剂)。这些添加剂包括增塑剂、增量油、炭黑、无机填料、抗氧剂、抗臭氧剂、抗疲劳剂、热和光稳定剂、(增)粘性树脂、操作助剂、交联剂、促进剂、阻滞剂(迟延剂)、粘合剂、颜料和阻燃剂等。本文主要叙述有机添加剂的质谱分析。质谱是聚合物中有机添加剂鉴定的一个非常有用的工具。1)需要样品量小,对于直接分析,通常1μg样品已足够。2)从质谱中往往可直接得到相对分子质量,由高分辨质谱精确测定质量可确定分子式。3)从质谱碎裂方式可阐明分子结构。质谱数据足以满足未知化合物的鉴定,或者至少是其他方法(如红外和核磁共振)数据的补充。4)可分析混合物。在线联用技术(GGMS、LC-MS、MS-MS)可进行混合物非直接分析,而其他一些新的解吸电离方     

“聚(3-己基噻吩)性质表征”应用于聚合物现代仪器分析实验教学的探讨

聚(3-己基噻吩)(P3HT)是一种重要的导电聚合物，其化学结构、光物理性质、相对分子质量、结晶性、热稳定性及表面形貌等测试表征涉及的仪器非常广泛。文章分析了以“聚(3-己基噻吩)性质表征”作为聚合物现代仪器分析实验课程基本实验的可行性及优势。认为该综合实验贯穿于聚合物现代仪器分析的实验教学，可使实验分为四个方面相关的内容，“波谱分析法”、“凝胶渗透色谱法”“热分析法”“电子显微镜”等有机结合，不仅能帮助学生掌握各种相关仪器的使用原理及分析方法，又能使他们直观清晰地了解各种方法的关联性及独立性，并且在教学过程中结合了科研实际需求，将理论知识与实践紧密结合起来。     

Reactive Processing and Polymer

Polymer additives are primarily responsible for the ultimate properties and performance of commodity polymers which are being used increasingly in demanding applications. the physical loss of additives from the polymer substrate is a major limitation to the traditional method of incorporating additives into polymers. the relatively low degree of permanence of additives is undermined further during in-service performance of polymers under aggressive environments. Loss and migration of additives is, therefore, a major concern to the manufacturing industry because of adverse effects on polymer performance and durability as well as the inherent lexicological consequences of migrating additives, especially in medical and food applications. This paper explores the use of reactive processing to achieve the desired degree of permanence and substantivity of polymer additives. This method has been exploited to chemically bind additives to the polymer backbone. By comparison with conventional procedures, reactively processed polymers are superior.     

Isodecyl acrylate - olive oil copolymers as potential biodegradable additive for lubricating oil

The use of greener additives based on vegetable oils in the formulation of bio-lubricant has attracted considerable interest due to their biocompatibility and enhanced multifunctional performances compared to conventional additives. Working in this direction and in an anticipation of introducing biodegradability in to the acrylate based additive system, copolymers of isodecyl acrylate with olive oil have been synthesized by thermal method using BPO (benzoyl peroxide) as radical initiator. Characterization of the prepared polymers has been performed by spectral (NMR, IR), and SEC-GPC analysis. Performance evaluation of the polymers as pour point depressant (PPD), and viscosity modifier/viscosity index improver (VII) in different base oils (mineral) have been performed by standard ASTM methods. Biodegradability of the prepared additives was tested against fungal pathogens and microorganisms by disc diffusion (DD) method and by soil burial test (SBT) method respectively. Thermal stability of each of them has been evaluated and included. The multifunctional performances have been compared and reported. The copolymers showed potential multifunctional additive performance as viscosity modifier and pour point depressant along with excellent biodegradability.     

Nano-adsorbents control surface properties of polyurethane

Additives are minor but critical components that polymers need for processing and applications. However, these additives may also have adverse effects, e.g. for polymeric biomaterials, leaching additives can change surface properties, and may lead to poor biocompatibility. How to use additives yet keep them from detrimental behaviors is a challenging issue. Diffusion barriers may be used to slow down the additive migration but difficult to stop it. In this paper, we introduce the concept of “nano-adsorbents” in polymers. These nano-adsorbents confined the additives within the polymers by thermodynamically interacting with them. While the additives are still present in polymers to provide intended functions, they are thermodynamically constrained from free migration to the surface. Nano sized-fillers were selected due to their high surface to volume ratio. This new usage of nano-fillers for polymers was demonstrated with a biomedical polyurethane and a surface coated nanoclay that thermodynamically attracts the additive in the polyurethane.     

Permanence of polymer stabilizers in hostile environments

Additives are commonly formulated into polymers to stabilize them against thermo-oxidative and photo-oxidative degradation. However, the additives themselves undergo degradation in the polymers, especially when the polymers are placed in hostile environments. This study focuses on the degradation of additives in chemical and photo-oxidizing environments; i.e., spas and xenon arc, respectively. HPLC-UV/vis, FT-IR, and GC-MS techniques were utilized to follow the degradation chemistry of the additives. The chemistry was determined for additive degradation by spa chemicals, but the degradation chemistry of benzotriazoles remains elusive due to the insolubility of the resinous degradation products. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

Low-Cost Processing of Plastic Waste Composites

The use of the compression molding technique to manufacture polymeric panels from recycled polymers was evaluated. polypropylene (PP), polyethylene (PE), and polystyrene (PS) single polymers and their blends were manufactured both with and without UV and flame-retardant additives. The materials were tested in three-point bending, and the incorporation of the additives always produced a decrease of the flexural strength. The results obtained were compared with the properties of commercially available materials. In particular, PP + PE blends showed a promising mechanical performance. For the amount of flame-retardant additive used in this study, none of the compositions analyzed exhibited flame resistance. The balance between loss of mechanical strength due to the increase of the amount of flame retardant additive and lack of flame resistance was obtained by incorporating more flame retardant through a paintinglike procedure. The method proved to be an efficient way to attend the standard for building construction panels.     

Structurally bound stabilizers: Melt grafting of UV stabilizers onto polypropylene,polyethylene, and polystyrene

Monomeric ultraviolet stabilizers, 2-hydroxy-4-methacryloyloxy benzophenone and 2-hydroxy-4-acryloyloxy benzophenone were synthesized by a modified process. These reactive UV stabilizers were grafted onto the backbone of polypropylene (PP), low-density polyethylene (LDPE), and polystyrene (PS) by melt processing in the mixer of Brabender Plasticorder. An infrared spectroscopic method was standardized for the quantitative determination of the extent grafting of these additives on the polymer backbone. Grafting of both the additives occurred in the order PS > LDPE > PP. Methacryloxy derivative of benzophenone was found to be more reactive towards the polymers studied than the acryloxy derivative.     

Bestimmung der pigment-verteilung in kunststoffen mit hilfe der neutronenaktivierung und autoradiographie

Methods used in plastics processing to determine the distribution of additives in polymers are inadequate up to now, because small differences in the distribution cannot be detected. Using neutron-activation of activable components of the additives and autoradiography as recording method, macroscopic and microscopic differences of the distribution can be evaluated quantitatively. This technique can be applied on transparent or non-transparent specimens. The determinable and resolvable concentrations of additives are small. By example of a pigmented poly-styrene with an activable content of 0.0013% Cu (by weight) the method and obtainable results are described.     

Thermal stability and flammability of organic polymers

Attempts have been made to assess the importance of the thermal instability of organic polymers as a factor governing their flammability. In general, however, there is little correlation between the susceptibility of polymers to undergo thermal decomposition and the readiness with which these materials burn. Although certain additives which exhibit flame-retardant activity do raise the temperature at which polymers start to break down, the ability of these compounds to increase polymer stability makes no appreciable contribution to their inhibiting action on the combustion of polymeric materials. Nevertheless studies of the thermal behaviour of additives incorporated into polymers can provide useful information aboút the interactions which occur between polymers and additives during the combustion process.     

聚甲醛的耐光稳定化研究

讨论了聚甲醛（POM）的光老化机理、光老化特征及各种添加剂对POM的光稳定化作用，以及添加剂配合法、其它聚合物单独添加法、其它聚合物配合法等对POM耐光稳定化的效果和相应的光稳定化机理。