Palladium Migration Through a Zirconium Carbide Coating in TRISO‐Coated Fuel Particles

Reaction of ZrC with Pd at temperatures up to 1500°C was examined using ZrC/Pd composite, Pd/ZrC‐coated TRISO particles, and Pd/ZrC bulk diffusion couples experiments. Intermetallic phase (Pd₃Zr) and amorphous carbon at the ZrC–Pd interfaces were identified by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), Raman and scanning electron microscope (SEM). Moreover, thicknesses of Pd₃Zr layers were measured by energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectrometry (EDS). The validity of the reaction was proved by thermodynamic calculation. The reaction kinetics parameters, i.e., the activation energy (208.2–266.5 kJ/mol) and the reaction order (3.38–3.78) for Pd attacking through a ZrC coating in TRISO particles were determined based on both the DSC curves and the growth of the Pd₃Zr layer.     

Research Progress on Preparation and Properties of Zirconium Carbide Matrix Composites

Zirconium carbide(ZrC) exhibits considerable potential for applications as aerospace thermal protection and the Generation-Ⅳ nuclear fuel inert materials due to its high melting point,exceptional hardness,good ablation resistance and low neutron absorption cross-section.Nevertheless,low sinterability of ZrC powders and poor fracture toughness and reliability of bulk ceramics limit their wide applications in extreme environments.This paper reviews the state of the art of preparation and properties of ZrC composites.Optimizing the sintering process and tailoring the chemical constituents of raw powders and sintering aids could improve sinterability to produce dense bulk ceramics.Different additives such as refractory metals,carbides,silicides,oxides,or carbon fibers are introduced into the ZrC matrix in order to improve fracture toughness,oxidation resistance or thermal shock resistance,etc.Further studies are needed to explore the effects of intrinsic defects(vacancies,dislocations,and grain or phase boundaries,etc.) and additives on microstructure and properties at elevated temperatures.     

一种含锆膜层的镀膜玻璃及其制备方法

概述了一种含锆镀膜玻璃,此种镀膜玻璃基片不再使用传统PE有机膜进行防护,自身具备防止划伤、摩擦的表面防护特性,在住宅用镀膜玻璃领域具有很大的推广价值。本文较详细地介绍了此镀膜玻璃的制备方法、技术方案、构造特征、产品功效。     

针状纳米α-Fe2O3包覆二氧化钛复合颗粒的制备和表征

采用溶胶法制备了针状α-Fe2O3包覆二氧化钛的复合纳米颗粒,并通过透射电镜(TEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)、能谱元素分析(EDS)对产物形貌和晶相组成进行了表征,对其形成机理进行了初步分析。TEM结果显示二氧化钛颗粒表面被一层针状氧化铁包覆,通过TEM观察估计其产率在50%以上。而紫外可见吸收谱表明该复合颗粒在相对于纯二氧化钛紫外光和可见光区域吸收都有较大的增强。     

Fabrication of New Cemented Carbide Containing Diamond Coated with Nanometer-Sized SiC Particles

A simple process for depositing a coating of silicon carbide (SiC) crystallites ∼10 nm in size onto diamond particles has been developed. SiO powders react with diamond in a vacuum at 1350°C to form a uniform β-SiC polycrystalline layer ∼60 nm thick. The SiC coating improves the oxidation resistance of the diamond. A cemented carbide material containing 20-vol%-SiC-coated diamond particles was sintered to a relative density of 99.5% by pulsed-electric-current sintering. A Vickers hardness and indentation fracture toughness of 15 GPa and 16.3 MPa·m^1/2, respectively, were obtained. This toughness is two times higher than that of cemented carbide containing no particles. The higher toughness is attributed to deflection and blockage of crack propagation by the diamond particles.     

锆铈包膜金红石型钛白粉制备工艺研究

采用正交试验法优化工艺条件制备了锆铈复合包膜的金红石型钛白粉,研究了浆液浓度、搅拌速度以及ZrO_2和CeO_2两种包膜剂用量对锆铈复合包膜金红石型钛白粉的影响。通过正交试验设计及方案验证,获得了表面包覆了连续、均匀致密的锆铈复合膜的金红石型钛白粉,其应用性能有明显提升。     

包覆油酸的Fe_3O_4纳米粒子的制备

用FeSO4和FeCl3在氨水和油酸作用下,共沉淀制备了包覆油酸的Fe3O4纳米粒子,考察了沉淀温度、油酸加入前反应时间及总铁离子浓度对其粒径的影响。结果显示,沉淀温度的升高和油酸加入前反应时间的延长,均可使Fe3O4粒径增大。沉淀温度从20℃增加到80℃,粒径从大约5 nm增加到8 nm;油酸加入前反应时间从10 min延长到30 min,粒径从大约3 nm增加到8 nm。c(总铁离子)=0.1~1.1 mol/L时对粒径没有显著影响,Fe3O4粒径均为8 nm左右,c(总铁离子)>1.1 mol/L时,粒径明显减小。     

二硼化锆陶瓷前驱体纤维的制备及表征

利用八水合氧氯化锆、硼酸、蔗糖和柠檬酸为无机原料,聚乙烯醇为有机原料,采用有机、无机共混反应制得前驱体溶液,并利用干法纺丝制得前驱体纤维,通过红外光谱(IR)、差示扫描(DSC)、热失重(TG)分析表征发生的反应及产生的一系列变化,利用扫描电镜(SEM)观察纤维的形态结构。结果表明:无机成分与聚乙烯醇发生了反应并使聚乙烯醇变得稳定,制得了光滑致密的纤维,为下一步制得ZrB2陶瓷纤维做好了准备。     

壳聚糖包裹磁流体的制备及其物性表征

采用共沉淀法制备纳米Fe3O4磁粒子,经离心分离后利用超声分散将纳米磁粒子弥散于壳聚糖溶液中形成了具有高度生物兼容性的壳聚糖包裹磁流体。利用XRD、TEM、红外光谱和磁天平对产物进行物性表征。探讨了壳聚糖质量、反应温度、超声分散时间和pH值对产物磁性的影响,结果表明:在反应温度为45℃,超声时间为55 min,pH值大于9,壳聚糖质量为0.15 g的条件下,制备的磁粒子约为15 nm左右,磁化饱和强度38.4 mT,抗氧化性高的壳聚糖包裹磁流体。该磁流体可作为X射线造影剂、靶向药物载体。     

Characterization of Polymer‐Coated RDX and HMX Particles

Fourier transform‐infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR) in transmission and photoacoustic detection (PAS) techniques have been used for the characterization of polymeric coating of cyclotrimethylenetrinitramine (RDX) using a fluoroelastomer (Viton^®). Although the bands of the polymer were indicated by two different techniques, the transmission (casting film) showed better evidence of absorption of fluoroelastomer for the polymer coating of the energetic material. Also attenuated total reflectance (ATR), another FT‐IR technique, has been used to analyze a cyclotetramethylenetetramine (HMX)/Viton system for the characterization of Viton bands and it showed excellent results without sample preparation.     

Densification of Alumina-Silicon Carbide Powder Composites: I, Effects of a Polymer Coating on Silicon Carbide Particles

One possible approach to improving the densification of powder composites containing a major crystalline phase which densifies (e.g., Al₂O₃) and a difficult-to-sinter phase (e.g., SiC) is to accommodate the matrix volume shrinkage with a "disappearing" polymer coating. A polymer coating prevents contact between the nonsinterable particles and the surrounding matrix. The coating can be burned off before sintering, allowing the matrix phase to "shrink-fit" around the nonsinterable particles during sintering. The effects of a polymer coating on the densification of a two-phase particle system were tested using SiC powder dispersed in an Al₂O₃ matrix. The composites processed with a polymer coating showed more densification during equivalent firing cycles than did those processed without a polymer coating. Densification during sintering was approximately proportional to the amount of polymer adsorbed on SiC, suggesting that the Al₂O₃ matrix did shrink-fit into the gaps between the SiC particles and the surrounding Al₂O₃ matrix. Differences in the pore-size distributions of polymercoated green compacts and uncoated compacts indicated a perturbation of the green microstructure by the gaps. The estimated average thickness of the gap is approximately 20 nm, ∼8% of the average radius of the SiC powder used in this study.     

多孔碳化硅陶瓷上镍铁氧体涂层的制备与性能

以Ni(NO3)2和Fe(NO3)3、丙烯酰胺、N,N￠-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺为原料,采用高分子凝胶法在多孔碳化硅陶瓷表面包覆了镍铁氧体涂层. 着重研究了包覆涂层的表面形貌、复合材料的晶相及电磁性能. 结果表明,当煅烧温度为600℃时,在多孔陶瓷表面有立方晶系尖晶石结构的NiFe2O4晶相生成. 随着煅烧温度的升高,多孔陶瓷表面形成的镍铁氧体晶体晶型趋向完整. 涂层完整、致密、均匀. 多孔碳化硅陶瓷为介电损耗材料,孔径为1.3 mm的多孔碳化硅陶瓷基体的电磁性能优于孔径为1.0 mm的多孔碳化硅陶瓷. 包覆镍铁氧体涂层的多孔碳化硅陶瓷表现出较好的磁损耗特性,复磁导率的虚部最大值可达0.4.     

Raman Spectral Characterization of Silicon Carbide Nuclear Fuel Coatings

Raman spectral observations were used to characterize the vapor-deposited Sic coatings on the microspheres used for fuels in high-temperature gas-cooled reactors. Good correlation was found between this nondestructive optical method and other characterization data. The SIC coatings, derived from methyltrichlorosilane, contained excess silicon or excess carbon, depending on deposition temperature, coating rate, and carrier gas used. Heat treatment of nonstoichiometric Sic resulted in many cases in the development of an outer layer of carbon. Fast-neutron irradiation produced marked effects on the spectral properties of the coatings. Recovery of materials properties on thermal annealing was studied.     

流化床中包覆燃料颗粒的制备及应用

包覆燃料颗粒由燃料核芯、疏松热解炭层、内致密热解炭层、碳化硅层和外致密热解炭层组成.本工作设计建造了不同直径和结构的流化床沉积炉系统,探讨了流化床的结构、气体流量对颗粒流化状态的影响采用化学气相沉积方法生产出的包覆燃料颗粒不仅应用于我国10 MW高温气冷堆燃料元件的制备,而且探讨了包覆燃料颗粒的其它应用.     

涂层复合粉料和颗粒涂层方法

本文介绍了涂昨合粉料和制备涂层复合粉料的各种方法。与传统陶瓷的制德工艺相比,采用涂层复合粉料的制瓷工艺具有许多优点。如制备的粉料成分均匀,减少添加剂用量,改善粉料的表面性能,消除传统工艺制备的混合粉料在烧结中第二相的相互塔结问题等,从而提高了陶瓷材料的性能。     

聚苯乙烯接枝包覆硫黄微胶囊的制备与表征

以合成硫黄为芯材、聚苯乙烯(PS)为壳材,采用原位接枝改性聚合方法制备PS接枝包覆硫黄微胶囊,分析不同苯乙烯/硫黄颗粒配比对硫黄微胶囊形貌的影响,表征接枝状况和热稳定性。结果表明,当硫黄颗粒用量不变、苯乙烯用量为1.5 mL时,硫黄微胶囊的表面形貌规整,分散性较好,热稳定性提高。     

微波法制备磷酸锆的研究

采用氧氯化锆为锆源、氟化铵为络合剂、磷酸为磷源,在低温（〈100℃）和常压条件下,微波辅助加热法在较短时间内制备得到规则的六角形片状结构Zr（HPO4）2·H2O（简写为α-ZrP）晶体。研究了不同反应物浓度下NH4F与ZrOCl2·8H2O摩尔比、磷酸与ZrOCl2·8H2 O摩尔比、反应时间、反应温度等因素对于合成磷酸锆晶体的影响。产物采用XRD、 SEM和FT-IR表征。以罗丹明B为降解对象,可见光下研究所制备磷酸锆的光催化性能。结果表明,当[ Zr^4＋]=0.02 mol/L, NH4 F/Zr=6和P/Zr=40,微波加热温度90℃,反应时间为30 min时制备的磷酸锆具有良好的光催化活性。     

磷酸盐基碳化硼陶瓷多层涂层的制备

实验以磷酸盐粘结剂作为基料、碳化硼粉末作为主要骨料制备出磷酸盐基碳化硼核辐射屏蔽涂层,对实验结果进行了XRD和SEM检测,并作分析.通过改变涂料成分配比,确定最合适的骨料配方为：Al2O3∶SiO2∶B4C=2∶1∶6,最合适的烧结温度约在500℃左右,并用新方法配置了磷酸盐粘结剂,实现了H3PO4∶Al（OH）3=3∶1的最佳配比,大大缩短了配置粘结剂所用的时间,制备了磷酸盐基碳化硼核辐射屏蔽多层涂层.     

纳米级二氧化锆的制备技术和表征手段

纳米二氧化锆是一种新型的高科技材料，有着广泛而重要的用途。本文根据国内外研制制备的最新进展及其发展趋势，综述了纳米级二氧化锆的制备技术及表征方法。