Improvement of the Rayleigh approximation for scattering from asmall scatterer

An improvement of the Rayleigh approximation for electromagnetic scattering from an arbitrary small scatterer is developed through solving the conventional integro-differential equation governing the electric field inside the scatterer. The improvement is represented by an equivalent polarizability tensor differing from that used in the Rayleigh approximation in two aspects: (i) it is frequency dependent, and (ii) it gives a scattering amplitude tensor satisfying energy conservation. The energy conservation is investigated through formulating the extinction, scattering, and absorption losses according to the equivalent polarizability tensor. Numerical calculations on spheres and spheroids indicate that the present extinction loss formulation has a wider validity range than the extinction loss formulation according to the Rayleigh approximation     

直接反演非均匀介质柱的一种新方法

以往对介质柱的反演基本上都是采用这代优化方法,非常耗时。本文从电磁散射的积分方程出发结合矩量法提出一种直接反演二维非均匀介质柱的方法,即由散射场的测量值,无需迭代或优化而直接反演出介质柱的介电特性参数分布。通过引入正则化方法来改善解的稳定性。理论分析和模拟计算都表明,本文提出的方法计算量小且一般情况下有较高的精度和稳定性。     

Plane wave scattering by a corrugated conducting cylinder atoblique incidence

The problem of scattering from a corrugated conducting cylinder due to an obliquely incident plane wave is solved by a boundary-value method. The region between the corrugations is considered as a medium with tensor permeability and tensor permittivity, which is a valid assumption when the corrugation constant is much less than the free-space wavelength. By loading this region with a dielectric material, one of the components of the scattered electric field in the far-field region can be altered significantly with no change in the other component. These components, in turn, determine the bistatic scattering cross sections, and the dielectric loading of the corrugated region appears to have no effect on the cross section due to the polarized component, while showing significant changes in the cross section due to the depolarized component     

应用DWT-GMRES方法快速计算二维电大介质目标RCS

运用内外等效原理对更具普遍性的有耗与无耗电大介质目标电磁散射特性进行了分析,并应用Daubechies离散小波变换,结合广义最小余量法对平面波照射的二维电大介质目标的雷达散射截面进行了计算。将其结果与传统矩量法和解析解进行了比较,结果表明：在不影响精度的前提下,尤其是对电大目标,该方法在降低计算复杂度,节约存储空间等方面具有明显优势,并可将其推广至其他介质体的散射分析中。     

Microwave imaging for a dielectric cylinder

The problem of reconstructing both the shape and the relative permittivity of a homogeneous dielectric cylinder from the measurement of scattered field is numerically simulated. The Newton-Kantorovitch algorithm and the moment method are used to solve a set of nonlinear integral equations. Numerical results show that, with multiple incident directions, good reconstruction is obtained. This algorithm can be applied at a single frequency without limitation on the value of dielectric constant. The effect of random noise on imaging reconstruction is also investigated     

High frequency scattering from corrugated stratified cylinders

Interest in applying radar remote sensing for the study of forested areas led to the development of a model for scattering from corrugated stratified dielectric cylinders. The model is used to investigate the effect of bark and its roughness on scattering from tree trunks and branches. The outer layer of the cylinder (bark) is assumed to be a low-loss dielectric material and to have a regular (periodic) corrugation pattern. The inner layers are treated as lossy dielectrics with smooth boundaries. A hybrid solution based on the moment method and the physical optics approximation is obtained. New expressions for the equivalent physical-optics currents are used which are more convenient than the standard ones. It is shown that the bark layer and its roughness both reduce the radar cross-section. It is also demonstrated that the corrugations can be replaced by an equivalent anisotropic layer     

Analysis of TE scattering from dielectric cylinders using amultifilament magnetic current model

A moment solution is presented for the problem of transverse electric (TE) scattering from homogeneous dielectric cylinders. The moment solution uses fictitious filamentary magnetic currents to simulate both the field scattered by the cylinder and the field inside the cylinder and in turn point-matches the continuity conditions for the tangential components of the electric and magnetic fields across the cylinder surface. The procedure is simple to execute and is general in that cylinders of arbitrary shape and complex permittivity can be handled effectively. Metallic cylinders are treated as reduced cases of the general procedure. Results are given and compared with available analytic solutions, which demonstrate the very good performance of the procedure     

TM scattering by an impedance sheet extension of a paraboliccylinder

An integral equation and method of moments (MM) solution are presented for the two-dimensional (2-D) problem of transverse magnetic (TM) scattering by an impedance-sheet extension of a perfectly conducting parabolic cylinder. An integral equation is formulated for a dielectric cylinder of general cross section in the presence of a perfectly conducting parabolic cylinder. It is then shown that the solution for a general dielectric cylinder considerably simplifies for the special case of TM scattering by a thin multilayered dielectric strip that can be represented as an impedance sheet. The solution is termed an MM/Green's function solution, where the unknowns in the integral equation are the electric surface currents flowing in the impedance sheet; the presence of the parabolic cylinder is accounted for by including its Green's function in the kernel of the integral equation. The MM solution is briefly reviewed, and expressions for the elements in the matrix equation and the scattered fields are given. Sample numerical results are provided     

Analysis of electromagnetic scattering from dielectric cylinders using a multifilament current model

A moment solution is presented for the problem of transverse magnetic (TM) scattering from homogeneous dielectric cylinders. The moment solution uses fictitious filamentary currents to simulate both the field scattered by the cylinder and the field inside the cylinder and in turn point-matches the continuity conditions for the tangential components of the electric and magnetic fields across the cylinder surface. The procedure is simple to execute and is general in that cylinders of arbitrary shape and complex permittivity can be handled effectively. Metallic cylinders are treated as reduced cases of the general procedure. Results are given and compared with available analytic solutions, which demonstrate the very good performance of the procedure.     

An Analysis of the Tensor Dielectnc Constant of Sea Ice at Microwave Frequencies

The bilocal approximation of strong fuctuation theory is used to develop a model for the tensor dielectric constant of sea ice that is treated as a random anisotropic medium. The application is a twofold one: first the individual ice grains are treated as pure ice with embedded elongated brine cells with random spacings and sizes and secondly as the combined ice-brine system, which has tensor dielectric properties, with random orientations of the principal axes and random embedded air bubbles. Comparisons with measurements on a variety of ice types over the temperature range 0 to -32 ° C and frequencies from 0.1 to 40 GHz show that the theory is able to account quantitatively for large parts of the published data including expected scattering corrections to the quasi-static dielectric constant at low salinities and high frequencies.     

TM scattering by a dielectric cylinder in the presence of a half-plane

The problem considered is the transverse magnetic (TM) scattering by a dielectric cylinder in the presence of a perfectly conducting half-plane. An integral equation, involving the half-plane Green's function in its Kernel, is obtained for the equivalent volume currents representing the dielectric cylinder. This integral equation is solved by the method of moments. Numerical results are compared with measurements for the echo width of a dielectric slab on a half-plane. The dielectric slab surface impedance and the fields inside the dielectric are also shown.     

Matrice de diffraction et fréquences naturelles de résonance d’un cylindre

The purpose of this paper is to show the electromagnetic scattering by a dielectric cylinder of arbitrary shape is characterized by the poles of the scattering matrix of the cylinder. Some examples of reconstructed diffraction patterns, using a singularity expansion method are given, and the attention is drawn on the fact that selection rules for resonant modes excitation can be deduced from group theory.     

Application of a point-matching MoM reduced scheme to scatteringfrom finite cylinders

One of the most common methods for the solution of three-dimensional (3-D) scattering problems is the electric-field volume integral equation numerically solved by the application of the method of moments (MoM)-usually the point-matching version. Although simple to formulate, it shows inherent difficulty and complexity because of the 3-D integrals appearing in the interaction matrix elements and of the singularity of the dyadic Green's function (DGF) present in the computation of the self-cell elements. In this paper, a transformation method is presented, which in the case of the point-matching MoM, both reduces the 3-D integrals to two-dimensional (2-D) ones, and also eliminates the need of separate treatment of the singularity while maintaining the same degree of approximation. Comparison to published results is made for the case of scattering by a finite dielectric cylinder. Further examples are presented for scattering by layered dielectric cylinders and lossy cylindrical shells excited by uniform plane waves     

Low frequency inverse scattering

Derived is an acoustic and electromagnetic low frequency direct scattering approximation in terms of the characteristic function of a scatterer. An inverse scattering solution for the complete moments tensor of this characteristic function is obtained. It is shown that this inverse scattering solution is a generalization of Rayleigh's law, yielding the Rayleigh law volume of the scatterer for the moments tensor of rank zero. The moments tensors of rank one and two are the spatial position centroid and the principal dimensions (and their spatial orientation) of the scatterer respectively.     

Analytical Solution to the n -nth Moment Equation of Wave Propagation in Continuous Random Media

Higher order symmetrical moments play an important role in wave propagation and scattering in random media, however it remains to be solved under strong fluctuations. In this paper, a modified Gaussian solution method is proposed for analytically solving the n-nth moment. After propagating through a random medium in the fully saturated regime, the higher order symmetrical moment of the received wave is the sum of products of the second moments, i.e., the Gaussian solution. In strong scattering regimes, the higher order symmetrical moment can be considered as a sum of the Gaussian solution and a non-Gaussian correction term, where the key issue is how to solve the derived equation of the correction term. Two methods are proposed, i.e., Green's function method and the Rytov approximation approach. Green's function method leads to a rigorous solution form, but it is complicated due to an integral equation. The approach using the Rytov approximation is found to be reasonable, as the correction is relatively small     

粗糙地面上相邻两树干的电磁散射模型

用有限长多层介质圆柱模拟实际的树干,建立了基于粗糙地面上相邻两树干电磁散射模型。用迭代方法和等效原理,求解了多层介质圆柱的散射矩阵。用互易原理求解了相邻有限长多层介质圆柱包括其二次散射场在内的解析表达式。     

快速多极子在任意截面均匀介质柱散射中的应用

采用快速多极子法（FMM）加速后的矩量法（MoM）求解由电磁场等效原理导出的关于均匀介质柱表面等铲电磁流的积分方程,进而计算其电磁散射特性,FMM的引入使计算时间和内存开销都从O(N^2）降到O（N^3/2）,且并不增加多少复杂度。最后给出了一些介质柱体RCS的算例。     

非线性散射介质内辐射传递的积分矩方法

提出了求解非线性散射介质内辐射传递的积分矩方法.将辐射传递方程中散射相函数的积分项转化为辐射强度各阶矩的线性组合.散射相函数为勒让德多项式展开形式,辐射强度矩的最高阶数与散射相函数的展开项数相同.将原本复杂的积分微分方程转化为微分方程,通过积分法求解此方程.积分矩方法不需要对立体角进行离散,不会引起射线效应.积分矩方法...     

Low-frequency scattering from cylindrical structures at obliqueincidence

Classical Rayleigh scattering theory is extended to the case of a homogeneous dielectric cylinder of arbitrary cross section whose transverse dimensions are much smaller than the wavelength. By assuming that the surface fields can be approximated by those of the infinite cylinder, the far zone scattered field is expressed in terms of polarizability tensors, whose properties are discussed. Numerical results are presented for circular, semicircular, triangular, and square cylinders. The results are applicable to the remote sensing of twigs, stalks, and vegetation needles at centimeter and millimeter wavelengths