对事务性脑力劳动的一种定量测量方法

确定脑力劳动者的工作量问题一直是工业工程师试图解决的问题。本文介绍了一种非常实用的定量确定脑力劳动工作量的方法，该方法曾在我国一大型企业应用，收到了比较好的效果。     

立体中的平面美-简论展览陈列中的版式设计

陈列展览是一项综合性设计,需要运用到多种设计样式,包括整体布局规划、空间设计、道具设计、照明设计和平面设计等多种设计能力的配合,其中平面设计还可进一步细分为平面图绘制、版式设计、文字设计、标志设计、装饰设计等多个门类。其中的版式设计则主要解决在平面上将有限的视觉元素进行有机的排列组合的问题。它可以将纷繁复杂的文字、     

如恩设计研究室平面设计

如恩设计研究室的平面设计团队为整个事务所和设计共和提供设计支持。另外担任着季刊《宣言》的艺术指导，刊物面向品牌零售店设计共和的客户群。除此之外，平面设计团队更是公司服务客户的一个必不可少的窗口。理论上，平面设计的艺术指导是公司与客户沟通的重要手段之一，清晰敏锐的视觉效果是设计项目中必不可少的因素。     

艺术的变化 和谐的生活 谈当今居室设计之风格与潮流

室内设计发展至21世纪,无论是庄严典雅、潇洒飘逸的中国传统风格,还是雕刻精美、风格多变的欧式风格,都经历了漫长的年代.直至18世纪中叶,自然科学在应用技术中的渗透,西方解构主义、极少主义、抽象派、后现代派等现代设计风格的孕育而生,对于当今居室设计的风格定位、表现手法产生了深远影响.     

以设计为驱动力

作为惟一的亚洲评委，上海中桥设计咨询管理有限公司总经理，黄蔚妇女士应邀出席了在瑞典首都斯德哥尔摩举行的2005伊莱克斯国际设计大赛，并与我们分享了这一次北欧之行的经历和感想。     

MULTIOBJECTIVE DESIGN OF A MARINE VEHICLE WITH AID OF DESIGN KNOWLEDGE

To generate the Pareto optimal set efficiently in multiobjective optimization, a hybrid optimizer is developed by coupling the genetic algorithm and the direct search method. This method determines a candidate region around the global optimum point by using the genetic algorithm, then searches the global optimum point by the direct search method concentrating in this region, thus reducing calculation time and increasing search efficiency. Although the hybrid optimizer provides cost-effectiveness, the design optimization process involves a number of tasks which require human expertise and experience. Therefore, methods of optimization and associated programs have been used mostly by experts in the real design world. Hence, this hybrid optimizer incorporates a knowledge-based system with heuristic and analytic knowledge, thereby narrowing the feasible space of the objective function. Some domain knowledge is retrieved from database and design experts. The obtained knowledge is stored in the knowledge base. The results of this paper, through application to marine vehicle design with multiobjective optimization, show that the hybrid optimizer with aid of design knowledge can be a useful tool for multiobjective optimum design. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

GENERATING A LAYOUT FROM A DESIGN SKELETON

In the past, researchers have proposed several types of design skeletons from which a human designer can generate good facilities layouts. Examples are flow graphs, SLP space relationships, bubble diagrams, planar adjacency graphs, matching based adjacency graphs, centroid locations, and cut trees. In this paper, we introduce a linear programming model which efficiently generates a layout from a graphical representation of any design skeleton. We demonstrate how the model can be used to enhance most design skeleton based layout approaches.     

TOWARDS A COMPUTER AIDED DESIGN PHILOSOPHY WITH PARTICULAR REFERENCE TO BRIDGE DESIGN

For one-off complex structures, more savings can be obtained by a designer evaluating a greater number of possible schemes, than by him spending his time paring down dimensions of a particular scheme to an absolute “optimum.” For a proposed solution to be satisfactory, it is necessary for components to be structurally adequate, and since ensuring this criteria is a major time consumer, computers can be used to speed the process.

Design of concrete cellular bridge decks has been selected as an example. Studies have indicated that web spacing is a critical cost parameter and that proportioning of top slabs to resist local bending is the most time consuming activity.¹ In this paper, use of automatic and interactive procedures to proportion top slabs are described. The methods are compared for ease of usage and it is concluded that whilst the interactive approach is less precise, in that it is difficult to produce the “optimum” design for a sub-structure, its versatility makes it the more suitable approach for use in design.     

A UNIFIED APPROACH TO FULLY-STRESSED DESIGN

The paper is concerned with presenting a unified approach to the design of structures subject to stress and gauge constraints. Duality theory is used both for obtaining bounds on the optimum design and for examining the optimality of solutions obtained by a given algorithm. Comparisons are made between the convergence rates and stability of various alternative “fully-stressing“ methods. Two projected gradient methods are introduced in an attempt to overcome problems caused by the presence of slack constraints.     

设计研究室的品牌化经营

恰逢设计媒体最为关注的“皇家艺术学院夏季展”开展之际，本刊特约记者专访兵家艺术学院RCA的设计产品系，深度洞察设计产品系教学系统的理念和近期学生设计活动的一系列最新动态。     

某大型超市暖通空调设计

本文根据超市大卖场在其建筑及功能上的特点,简要介绍了其暖通空调系统的设计,着重阐述了大卖场的气流组织和排风兼排烟系统的设计.     

A REVIEW OF PLANT DESIGN TECHNIQUES

The development of techniques of plant layout and facilities design is followed, the various techniques reviewed, some questions of criteria, methodology and validity of the various approaches are discussed, and a number of suggestions and problems amenable to future investigation are presented.