Hydrotreating of gas oil on SBA-15 supported NiMo catalysts

The siliceous and the metal substituted (B or Al)-SBA-15 molecular sieves were used as a support for NiMo hydrotreating catalysts (12 wt.% Mo and 2.4 wt.% Ni). The supports were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy and N₂ adsorption–desorption isotherms. The SBA-15 supported NiMo catalysts in oxide state were characterized by BET surface area analysis and XRD. The sulfided NiMo/SBA-15 catalysts were examined by DRIFT of CO adsorption and TPD of NH₃. The HDN and HDS activities with bitumen derived light gas oil at industrial conditions showed that Al substituted SBA-15 (Al-SBA-15) is the best among the supports studied for NiMo catalyst. A series of NiMo catalysts containing 7–22 wt.% Mo with Ni/Mo weight ratio of 0.2 was prepared using Al-SBA-15 support and characterized by BET surface area analysis, XRD and temperature programmed reduction and DRIFT spectroscopy of adsorbed CO. The DRIFT spectra of adsorbed CO showed the presence of both unpromoted and Ni promoted MoS₂ sites in all the catalysts, and maximum “NiMoS” sites concentration with 17 wt.% of Mo loading. The HDN and HDS activities of NiMo/Al-SBA-15 catalysts were studied using light gas oil at temperature, pressure and WHSV of 370 °C, 1300 psig and 4.5 h⁻¹, respectively. The NiMo/Al-SBA-15 catalyst with 17 wt.% Mo and 3.4 wt.% of Ni is found to be the best catalyst. The HDN and HDS activities of this catalyst are comparable with the conventional Al₂O₃ supported NiMo catalyst in real feed at industrial conditions.     

Al-SBA-15固体酸催化合成硬脂酸三乙醇胺酯

制备了一系列Si/Al比(均为摩尔比,下同)从15到50的Al-SBA-15固体酸催化剂,并将其应用于硬脂酸与三乙醇胺的酯化反应中。结果表明,Si/Al比为25的Al-SBA-15固体酸催化剂的催化活性和选择性较高,反应6 h酯胺的酸值可降至1.78 mg KOH/g,单双酯总质量分数可达84.79%;该催化剂重复使用6次,催化活性没有明显降低,说明该催化剂具有高的稳定性。采用XRD、N2吸附脱附、透射电镜和吸附吡啶的红外光谱对催化剂的结构、比表面积和表面酸性进行了表征,结果表明,Si/Al比为25的Al-SBA-15催化剂保持了SBA-15的结构,具有大的比表面积和均一的孔径,在催化剂表面同时存在Lewis酸和Brnsted酸。     

SBA-15负载活性组分催化合成油酸乙酯

通过嫁接的方法合成Al-SBA-15介孔分子筛,以油酸和乙醇为原料,在间歇釜中进行酯化反应实验研究。考察反应温度、原料配比、催化剂用量、反应时间和催化剂硅铝原子比等因素对酯化反应的影响,结果表明,反应温度180 ℃、催化剂用量为原料质量的1.25%、n(油酸)∶n(乙醇)＝1.0∶2.5、反应时间5 h和催化剂硅铝原子比为10时,油酸转化率为83.53%。     

Al-SBA-15介孔分子筛催化合成叔丁基苯酚

采用水热直接合成法合成了n(Si)∶n(Al)为10、25和50的Al-SBA-15介孔分子筛。用X射线衍射对材料进行了表征,结果表明,Al-SBA-15保持了母体SBA-15高度有序的六方介孔结构。并研究其在苯酚与甲基叔丁基醚的烷基化反应中的催化性能,结果表明,Al-SBA-15(25)催化剂具有较高的苯酚转化率和2,4-二叔丁基苯酚选择性,最佳工艺条件为：反应温度160 ℃,n(甲基叔丁基醚)∶n(苯酚)=1.5∶1,空速1.5 h^－1。在此条件下,苯酚转化率为73.2％,2,4-二叔丁基苯酚选择性为57.9％,催化剂Al-SBA-15(25)可稳定运行约80 h。     

Mesoporous aluminosilicate catalysts from FAU precursor under mild acidic conditions and with Al in totally tetrahedral coordination

Al-SBA-15 mesoporous catalyst with strong Brönsted acid sites and Al stabilized in a totally tetrahedral coordination was synthesized from the addition of hydrothermally aged zeolite Y precursor to SBA-15 synthesis mixture under mildly acidic condition of pH 5.5. The materials possessed surface areas between 690 and 850 m²/g, pore sizes ranging from 5.6 to 7.5 nm and pore volumes up to 1.03 cm³, which were comparable to parent SBA-15 synthesized under similar conditions. As much as 2 wt.% Al was present?in the most aluminated sample that was investigated, and the Al remained stable in totally tetrahedral coordination, even after calcination at 550 °C. Calcined Al-SBA-15 showed high hydrothermal stability when treated with steam (20% v/v in nitrogen) at 650 °C for 2 h. Textural characteristics are maintained on steam treatment, and very little or no conversion of Al from tetrahedral to octahedral coordination resulted. The Al-SBA-15 mesoporous catalyst showed significant catalytic activity for cumene dealkylation, and activity increased as the amount of zeolite precursor added to the SBA-15 mixture was increased. The catalyst’s activity was not affected by the aging time of the precursor for up to the 24 h aging time investigated. This method of introducing Al and maintaining it in a total tetrahedral coordination is very effective, in comparison to other direct and post synthesis alumination methods reported.     

Al2O3-ZrO2负载Ni2P催化剂加氢脱硫脱氮活性

采用浸渍-沉淀法制备Al2O3-ZrO2复合氧化物,通过程序升温还原法制备Ni2P/Al2O3-ZrO2催化剂。运用X射线衍射、N2吸附-脱附、X射线光电子能谱技术对载体和催化剂进行表征,并以噻吩加氢脱硫、吡啶加氢脱氮反应为探针考察复合氧化物对Ni2P催化剂加氢活性的影响。结果表明,在Al2O3表面引入少量ZrO2,既保持了γ-Al2O3大比表面积的结构优势,又减少了P或Ni与Al2O3表面的接触,促进Ni2P的形成。载体中ZrO2质量分数20%的Ni2P/Al2O3-ZrO2催化剂活性最高,载体焙烧温度过高会导致催化剂活性下降。     

Al掺杂的Cu/SBA-15催化剂用于己二酸二甲酯加氢合成1,6-己二醇

作为一种重要的有机合成原料,1,6-己二醇(HDO)的工业化生产主要通过己二酸二甲酯(DMA)加氢反应来实现,而理性设计开发相应的Cu基催化剂是提高HDO产率的关键。本文采用Al掺杂的介孔分子筛SBA-15为载体制备得到了一系列CuAlx/SBA-15催化剂,探究了使用该催化剂用于DMA加氢反应合成HDO的催化性能和催化机理,并对反应条件进行了优化。研究结果表明：CuAl₅/SBA-15催化剂能够增加催化剂的路易斯酸酸量,提高Cu⁺/Cu⁰的比例,从而提升DMA加氢反应的选择性,同时Al的掺杂也能减少Cu活性组分的团聚,从而增强催化剂的稳定性。当反应温度为240℃、反应压力为6MPa、反应时间为6h时,HDO的反应产率达到最大,为87.05%;重复使用CuAl₅/SBA-15催化剂36h后,HDO的反应产率能够维持在86.01%左右。本文的研究结果对设计Cu基催化剂用于酯加氢反应具有一定的借鉴意义。     

Synthesis of stearic acid triethanolamine ester over Al-SBA-15

Al-SBA-15 mesoporous molecular sieves with Si/Al ratio ranging from 50 to 15 were prepared and used for the catalysis of esterification of stearic acid with triethanolamine. The effects of Si/Al ratio and catalyst dosage on the esterification were investigated. Under the conditions of mass fraction of catalyst 0.25% and Si/Al ratio 25, the acid value of the product and content of mono-esteramine plus di-esteramine in it were 1.78?mg KOH/g and 84.79%, respectively. From the result of reuse as catalyst, we knew that Al-SBA-15 showed very good stability during the esterification reaction. X-ray diffraction (XRD), nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherms (BET), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), pyridine in situ FTIR characterization of the catalyst samples had been recorded. The results showed that Al-SBA-15 exhibited uniform channels, large surface area, and suitable acid strength.     

Synthesis of TiO2 nanoparticles on mesoporous aluminosilicate Al-SBA-15 in supercritical CO2 for photocatalytic decolorization of methylene blue

In the present study, titania nanoparticles were first constructed on mesoporous aluminosilicate Al-SBA-15 in supercritical carbon dioxide (Sc-CO₂) and the resultant samples were characterized by a combination of various techniques, such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), nitrogen physisorption, ²⁷Al MAS NMR, UV–vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). It was identified that the Al species incorporated samples retained structures similar to that of the parent SBA-15. In addition, the content of titania loading varied with reaction temperature and time in Sc-CO₂. As-synthesized TiO₂/Al-SBA-15 samples were evaluated in terms of photocatalytic decolorization of methylene blue in aqueous solutions. It was observed that all TiO₂/Al-SBA-15 samples showed satisfactory decolorization efficiency that was much higher than those of TiO₂/SBA-15 and commercial TiO₂ under identical conditions, which could be mainly attributed to the effective adsorption capability, resulting from the extension of specific surface area after substitution of Si species with Al species.     

Dry reforming of methane over Ni/SBA-15 catalysts prepared by homogeneous precipitation method

Ni/SBA-15 catalyst was prepared by homogeneous precipitation method (Ni-HP) and used for dry reforming of methane (DRM). The related characterization results indicated that the Ni particles were highly dispersed with a size range of 2-5 nm. Compared with Ni/SBA-15 catalyst prepared by impregnation (Ni-IM), the reduction temperature of Ni-HP obtained from H2-TPR was greatly improved, suggesting the stronger metal-support interaction. After reacting at 700 °C for 100 h, the CH₄ conversion of DRM over Ni-HP catalyst slightly decreased from 74.5% to 73.8%. While, for the Ni-IM catalyst, the CH₄ conversion dropped from 61.7% to 37.3%. Furthermore, the average particle size of Ni-HP was 3.7 nm and 4.7 nm before and after the long-time stability test, respectively, ascribed to the good anti-sintering property. Although a certain amount of coke was produced, mainly with disorder filamentous carbon of base-growth, the Ni/SBA-15 prepared by homogeneous precipitation exhibited excellent catalytic activity and stability.     

La-Ni2P/SBA-15/堇青石整体式催化剂及加氢脱硫性能

以介孔分子筛SBA-15为载体,制备一系列不同La含量的La-Ni₂P/SBA-15催化剂前驱体,将La-Ni₂P/SBA-15前驱体涂覆在预处理的整体式载体堇青石上,在H2气氛程序升温还原,制备不同La含量的La-Ni2P/SBA-15/堇青石整体式催化剂。对合成的催化剂进行X射线衍射和N2吸附-脱附结构表征,并评价对二苯并噻吩的加氢脱硫活性。结果表明,Ni₂P存在于所有的La-Ni2P/SBA-15/堇青石整体式催化剂中,且随着La含量的增加,La-Ni2P/SBA-15/堇青石整体式催化剂的比表面积和孔体积均有一定程度的提高,催化活性也提高。对于Ni2P/SBA-15/堇青石整体式催化剂,在300 ℃和380 ℃时,二苯并噻吩加氢脱硫转化率仅为27.2%和91.3%;而1.5%La-Ni₂P/SBA-15/堇青石催化剂在300 ℃和380 ℃时,二苯并噻吩转化率分别为36.8%和96.3%,显示出较好的二苯并噻吩加氢脱硫活性。La-Ni₂P/SBA-15/堇青石整体式催化剂在对二苯并噻吩的加氢脱硫过程中,以直接脱硫和加氢脱硫两种脱硫方式同时进行,并且以直接脱硫为主。     

硫改性镍催化剂丁烯-1双键临氢异构性能

将Ni/Al_2O_3催化剂浸渍于有机多硫化物(TPS-37)中制备得到硫改性Ni/Al_2O_3催化剂。采用X射线荧光光谱(XRF)、热重-质谱(TG-MS)联用、X射线光电子能谱仪(XPS)和程序升温还原(TPR)等方法对催化剂进行表征,并考察了硫改性Ni/Al_2O_3催化剂上丁烯-1双键临氢异构性能。结果表明,硫改性Ni/Al_2O_3催化剂经高温氢气活化及甲苯萃取后,催化剂上硫含量基本不变。硫与催化剂之间存在较强的相互作用,使氧化镍在相对较低的温度下被H2还原;硫改变了Ni金属周围电子环境,从而显著改善催化剂的双键临氢异构性能。在反应温度60℃,氢压1.6 MPa,氢气和碳四烃物质的量之比(氢烃比)为0.013的条件下,硫改性Ni/Al_2O_3催化剂催化丁烯-1双键临氢异构反应,丁烯-1转化率可达92.6%,丁烯-2选择性为97.5%。催化剂稳定性实验结果表明,硫改性催化剂催化性能好,稳定性优良。     

高分散纳米Y型分子筛负载Ni_2P催化剂的制备及其加氢脱硫性能

以无模板剂法合成的纳米Y型分子筛(35 nm左右)为载体,采用低温还原法制备了高分散Ni_2P/NY催化剂,同时制备了普通Y型分子筛担载的Ni_2P/Y催化剂作为对比。采用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)和X射线光电子能谱(XPS)等手段对载体和催化剂进行了表征,并在固定床反应器中考察了不同催化剂对4,6-二甲基二苯并噻吩(4,6-DMDBT)的加氢脱硫反应性能。结果表明,该催化剂的高活性来自纳米Y型分子筛上Ni_2P分散度的提高和高活性中心的暴露。在反应温度为340℃,反应压力为3.0 MPa的条件下,以Ni_2P/NY为催化剂,4,6-DMDBT的转化率达到了96.0%,高于CoMoS/Al_2O_3商业催化剂(77.2%)和Ni_2P/Y催化剂(67.0%)。     

Pt-Sn/SBA-15催化剂的制备、表征和长链烷烃脱氢催化性能

A series of the Pt-Sn/SBA-15 catalysts were prepared and their properties characterized by using X-ray powder diffraction （XRD）, N2 adsorption-desorption, high resolution transmission electron microscope, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy （XPS） and H2-temperature programmed reduction. Their performances in long chain alkane dehydrogenation were evaluated in a fixed-bed microreactor with dodecane as a model alkane. The results indicated that SBA-15 maintained the well-order mesoporous structure during the reaction. The performance of the catalyst was found not dominated by its textural properties, but by the molar ratio of Sn to Pt which governed the degree of Sn reduction. Owing to the highest degree of Sn reduction, 1% （by mass） Pt-1.8% （by mass） Sn/SBA-15 showed the best catalytic activity. At 0.1 MPa and 470℃, the molar ratio of hydrogen to alkane at 4, and liquid hourly space velocity （LHSV） 20 h^-1, the dodecane conversion is 10%, and the dodecene selectivity is about 70%.     

Performance of Pt/Al-SBA-15 catalysts in hydroisomerization of n-dodecane

A series of Al-SBA-15 materials with different Si/Al ratios have been prepared via a post-alumination procedure. The results show that Al species can be introduced into the SBA-15 framework. Only the medium acid sites can be observed on the Al-SBA-15 samples, and the number of acid sites decreases with the increase of the Si/Al ratio. The hydroisomerization activities of n-dodecane over 1% Pt/Al-SBA-15-n catalysts increase with the number of acid sites, and the largest isomers yield reaches to 51%. It suggests that the Al-SBA-15 material is a suitable acid component for bifunctional catalysts for hydroisomerization of long chain n-paraffins.     

Ni2P/TiO2的制备、表征及其加氢脱硫反应性能

利用程序升温还原方法合成了Ni2P／TiO2催化剂，采用H2-TPR、XRD、XPS等技术对样品的结构和性质进行了表征，研究了催化剂对噻吩的常压加氢脱硫反应性能。结果表明，在TiO2为载体的负载型催化剂上，Ni2P为主要活性相，无明显的单质Ni相；与Ni2P／SiO2相比，Ni2P／TiO2催化剂对噻吩常压加氢脱硫反应有较高的转化率以及良好的稳定性，噻吩稳定转化率达到了36％左右。     

4-甲氧基环己酮的绿色合成

在Al_2O_3负载的镍基纳米催化剂作用下进行了4-甲氧基苯酚催化加氢反应,然后使用双氧水对加氢反应液进行催化氧化合成4-甲氧基环己酮。在催化加氢反应中,考察了沉积-沉淀法和浸渍法及反应条件对催化剂活性和稳定性的影响。通过XRD、H_2-程序升温还原(H_2-TPR)及TEM等对催化剂进行了表征,结果发现,沉积-沉淀法制备的Ni/Al_2O_3-DP催化剂中活性粒子分散度高、粒径较小,并且活性粒子与载体之间有较强的作用力,具有比浸渍法制备的Ni/Al_2O_3-IMP催化剂更好的活性和稳定性。在4-甲氧基苯酚的加氢反应中,以Ni/Al_2O_3-DP为催化剂,最佳的反应条件为:反应温度423 K、反应压力4.0 MPa、反应时间1.0 h、m(4-甲氧基苯酚)∶m(Ni/Al_2O_3-DP)=6∶1。在氧化反应中,探究了氧化条件对反应活性的影响,结果表明:当n(4-甲氧基环己醇)∶n(双氧水)=1.0∶2.5时,353 K反应20 h,目标产物4-甲氧基环己酮的选择性可达95.3%。     

SBA-15 supports modified by Ti and Zr grafting for NiMo hydrodesulfurization catalysts

A series of Ti- and Zr-containing mesoporous SBA-15 supports and their respective NiMo catalysts were prepared to study the effect of the Ti and Zr loading into the support on the characteristics of Ni and Mo surface species and their catalytic activity in the 4,6-dimethyldibenzothiophene hydrodesulfurization (HDS). Ti and Zr-containing SBA-15 solids with different metal loading (up to 19 wt.% of TiO₂ or 22 wt.% of ZrO₂) were prepared by chemical grafting. The solids prepared were characterized by N₂ physisorption, X-ray diffraction (XRD), UV–vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS), temperature-programmed reduction (TPR), chemical analysis and HRTEM. The results show that Ti- and Zr-SBA-15 supports with highly dispersed Ti and Zr species can be obtained without substantial loss of SBA-15 characteristics. Zr grafted species showed somewhat better dispersion on the SBA-15 surface than the corresponding Ti counterparts. It was found that TiO₂ and, especially, ZrO₂ incorporation in the SBA-15 support leads to stronger interaction of Mo and Ni species with the support providing better dispersion to the oxidic and sulfided metal species (XRD, TPR, HRTEM). NiMo catalysts supported on Ti- and Zr-containing SBA-15 showed high activity in 4,6-dimethyldibenzothiophene HDS. It can be concluded therefore that SBA-15 materials grafted with Ti or Zr species show promising features as supports for Mo-based hydrotreating catalysts.     

La/Zn/HZSM-5催化剂上的甲醇芳构化研究

Aromatization of methanol over co-impregnated La/Zn/HZSM-5 zeolite catalyst was studied.The selectivity of aromatics and BTX(benzene,toluene,and xylene)reached 64.0%and 56.6%,respectively,using La/Zn/HZSM-5 at 437°C,0.1 MPa and methanol WHSV(weight hourly space velocity)=0.8 h-1.Catalytic results showed that the La species was a very good promoter,increased selectivity of aromatics,and prolonged the catalyst lifetime on stream.The effects of the SiO2/Al2O3 ratio in zeolite,Zn and La loading,WHSV,reaction temperature, water content in the feed and H2 pretreatment of catalysts on the catalytic performance were studied in detail. Characterizations of the catalysts by thermogravimetric analysis(TGA),NH3-TPD(temperature programmed desorption),SEM(scanning electron micrograph),N2 adsorption-desorption,XRD(X-ray diffraction)and XRF (X-ray fluorescence),were carried out to understand the structure and discuss the aromatization performance of La/Zn/HZSM-5 zeolite catalyst.     

无溶剂法镧改性SBA-15的制备、表征及催化性能

以介孔分子筛SBA-15为载体,采用固相研磨法掺杂La元素,以SO₄^2-或S₂O₈^2-为助催化剂同时掺杂在介孔分子筛中增强SBA-15表面活性中心,制备了La-SO₄^2-/SBA-15和La-S₂O₈^2-/SBA-15负载型固体酸催化剂。用X射线衍射、透射电镜、低温N2吸附－脱附、红外光谱、热重分析和NH₃-TPD等分析方法对改性材料的结构性能及表面酸性能进行了表征。表征结果显示,制得的La-SO₄^2-/SBA-15和La-S₂O₈^2-/SBA-15保持高度有序的二维六方介孔结构。用Hammett指示剂法测得La-SO₄^2-/SBA-15和La-S₂O₈^2-/SBA-15表面酸强度（H₀）分别为2.77~3.30和0.78~0.99,表明制备的改性材料为固体酸。以改性的SBA-15为催化剂,催化合成乙酸正丁酯,在酸醇物质的量比为1∶1.2、催化剂用量0.375 g（为冰醋酸质量的5%）和反应时间140 min的条件下,采用La-S₂O₈^2-/SBA-15和La-SO₄^2-/SBA-15为催化剂,其酯化率分别为97.31%和89.28%。