吸附材料再生机理研究进展

随着吸附材料日趋广泛的应用,其后处理成为重要议题。再生是处理吸附材料的有效途径,具有节约资源、减少环境污染等现实意义。再生机理作为再生技术的重要内容,已得到关注。阐述了热再生、生物再生、电化学再生、微波加热再生、超临界流体再生、超声波再生、光催化再生和等离子体再生等几种再生方法机理,总结了研究人员对各再生方法机理的不同认识,指出了各再生技术的优缺点。最后,从机理角度展望了未来再生研究的方向。     

吸附材料超声波再生的研究进展

超声波再生是处理吸附材料的有效途径之一。介绍了超声波再生技术的原理,分析了影响超声波再生吸附材料效率的主要因素。通过对超声波再生与传统的热再生的比较,探讨了超声波再生的优势与劣势,并对超生波再生技术的发展方向和趋势做了展望。     

活性炭的吸附与微生物的再生在污水处理中的作用

活性炭—生物膜法处理污水就是通过活性炭吸附和微生物降解的协同作用进行的,不但能较好的提高污水的处理效果,而且可使活性炭的使用周期延长,降低处理成本。活性炭吸附已广泛用于给水的净化处理,同时活性炭吸附—生物膜法用于某些工业污水后期净化处理。本文论述了活性炭的使用方法及再生方法,阐述了科学地推广和应用活性炭技术,在水处理厂有广泛前景。     

活性碳纤维对有机废气的吸附及再生

研究了新型高效吸附材料活性碳纤维(ACF)对甲苯废气的吸附及再生效果。利用GC- 900 气相色谱分析仪检测甲苯的浓度,通过正交实验得出了实验过程的最佳操作参数。实验结果表明,用该工艺处理的甲苯废气可以达标排放,吸附饱和后的ACF用热的水蒸气再生效果良好,实验对工业实际应用具有一定的指导意义。     

热再生沥青混合料拌和工艺改进研究

热再生沥青混合料的混合过程对其性能有较大影响。常规混合工艺广泛应用于路面行业,但忽略了不同骨料的沥青吸附能力可能导致拌和后再生沥青混合料的异质性。因此,本问提出了一种改进的热再生沥青混合料拌和技术,综合考虑材料的拌和顺序,并进行室内试验,以验证改进技术的可行性。结果表明,采用NO.2和NO.3拌合工艺制备的再生沥青混合料样品的蠕变斜率分别提高了2.4%和23.8%。改进的混合技术有助于提高热再生沥青混合料的水稳定性、耐低温开裂性,并且RAP含量越高,改进的拌和工艺效果越强。     

吸附材料再生方法的研究现状及发展趋势

再生是处理吸附材料的有效途径,具有重要的研究意义。对几种典型的再生方法,如热再生、湿式氧化再生、溶剂再生等的研究概况进行了综述。重点阐述了再生机理、再生方法的优缺点,并对吸附材料再生方法的发展趋势进行了展望。     

气体的吸附分离与再生

讨论了气体吸附分离与再生及其对整个吸附工程操作技术经济指标的影响。     

气体的吸附干燥与再生

讨论了气体吸附干燥与再生及共对整个吸附工程作的技术经济指标的影响。     

溶胶-凝胶法再生钴酸锂及其电化学性能的研究

采用溶胶-凝胶法将回收钴源再生制备成LiCoO2,利用XRD和SEM技术研究了再生LiCoO2的晶相结构与微观形貌,并通过循环伏安、交流阻抗和恒流充放电等电化学测试,研究煅烧温度对再生LiCoO2电化学性能的影响。结果表明,650℃煅烧温度下所制备LiCoO2的电化学性能最佳,首次充放电比容量可达113mAh.g-1,且循环20周后容量仍保持在98mAh.g-1。     

活性炭对VOCs的吸附研究进展

挥发性有机化合物(VOCs)是大气主要污染物之一,包括烃类化合物和芳香族化合物,如乙二醇和苯等.VOCs不仅导致温室效应,破坏臭氧层,而且当其浓度偏高时,会引起人体不适,严重时危及生命,因此如何有效地处理VOCs成为学术界和工业界的研究热点.目前,处理VOCs的技术众多,包括催化氧化等破坏性回收技术和吸附等可恢复性技术.相比于在回收过程中不可避免会产生有毒副产物的破坏性回收技术,吸附技术具有VOCs回收效率高、操作简单、能量消耗低等优点,因而被广泛应用.吸附技术的核心是吸附剂.活性炭因具有较高的比表面积、良好的孔道结构以及易于表面官能团改性等优点,被认为是一种具有潜力的VOCs吸附材料.但目前未经改性的活性炭通常比表面积小、表面官能团含量少、对VOCs的吸附能力和选择性较差且疏水能力差,极大地影响了其在潮湿环境中的应用.鉴于此,本文在介绍活性炭对VOCs吸附和脱附原理的基础上,从活性炭的物理结构和表面化学性质两个角度出发,重点介绍不同改性方法(物理改性、化学改性等)改性后的活性炭对VOCs吸附能力和选择性的影响,并对吸附饱和后活性炭的再生方法进行总结.本文旨在系统总结活性炭对VOCs的吸附、解吸和再生机理,以及活性炭改性技术的最新进展,为制备比表面积大、表面官能团丰富的工业化活性炭提供参考.     

数字技术赋能下的德化窑瓷雕技艺活化与再生研究

目的 在数字技术赋能下,对德化窑瓷雕技艺进行活化与再生,更好地对德化窑瓷雕技艺进行保护与传承。方法 以德化窑瓷雕技艺为研究对象,将德化窑瓷雕技艺与现有的数字技术手段进行结合,探讨数字技术赋能下的德化窑瓷雕技艺活化与再生的具体内容。首先厘清德化窑瓷雕技艺发展脉络及研究现状,构建研究框架;其次在分析数字化技术在德化窑瓷雕技艺中适用性的基础上,依据德化窑瓷雕技艺保护与传承的特点,有针对性地从数据采集记录、数字知识转化、数字展示传播、数字形态再生四个维度对德化窑瓷雕技艺活化与再生展开具体研究。结论 其为德化窑瓷雕技艺主体及器物客体的数字化保护活化与创新再生增加新的内涵;也为相关非物质文化遗产(特别是传统技艺类项目)的有序传承、科学保护提供理论研究借鉴。     

Electrochemical regeneration of partially ethoxylated polyethylenimine used in the polymer-supported ultrafiltration of copper

This work is focussed on the application of an electrochemical technology to regenerate the bonding agent of a polymer-supported ultrafiltration process, technique commonly used to remove metal ions from wastewaters. To do this, a batch rotating-electrode electrochemical cell has been set up to recover the copper bind to partially ethoxylated polyethyleneimine by electrodeposition. The influence of the main parameters (current efficiency, stirring rate, pH, electrode material and nature of the counterion) on the performance of the process has been studied. Current efficiency is clearly enhanced with the stirring rate, reaching values as high as 0.93 for the optimum working conditions. Regarding pH, this variable has been observed to play an important role in process efficiency. Thus, it has been found that the reactor can operate at pH 4 without affecting process performance. This is a clear advantage with respect to other regeneration techniques and also to previous works of electrochemical regeneration. The electrode material seems to have a clear influence on process behaviour and especially on the appearance of a first transitory stage with lower current efficiency. Finally, the electrolyte salt also influences significantly on the results and the presence of sulphate as counterion leads to the best system performance.     

膜法富氧在国内应用新进展

膜法富氧及其助燃技术的应用非常广泛。主要介绍了膜法富氧技术在国内玻璃窑、锅炉、注汽炉、热风炉、医疗保健和FCC富氧再生等方面应用的最新进展。     

有机-无机复合骨重建材料的研究进展

骨组织重建技术的进步与材料科学的发展息息相关，对国内外当前非金属骨植入与骨组织工程材料的种类及其复合技术的研究情况进行了综述与评价，认为对界面结合的研究、新的智能型材料的研究是今后非金属复合骨重建材料的发展方向。     

医用牙周组织引导再生胶原材料的特性

用酶消化法从牛腱中提取出胶原蛋白，采用涂复法制成胶原膜材料，将该膜用０．２５％的甲醛交联后得到用于牙周组织引导再生的材料．在对胶原材料进行物理、化学性能测试后表明：该材料的力学性能超过国外同类制品并具有较好的吸水性，而且胶原材料的羰基、羧基、羟基和胺基等主要结构基团依然存在经体外胶原酶和体内肌肉包埋降解吸收观察，材料在体外约２４０小时降解完全，降解产物为羟脯氨酸，体内吸收时间为６０天左右．对该材料进行生物学评价后证明：该材料无三致反应和其它毒副作用，无热原和过敏反应及溶血现象等，生物相容性优良．因此，该材料可用于牙周组织引导再生术及更广泛的生物隔膜技术中．     

Tissue engineering of replacement skin: the crossroads of biomaterials, wound healing, embryonic development, stem cells and regeneration

Advanced therapies combating acute and chronic skin wounds are likely to be brought about using our knowledge of regenerative medicine coupled with appropriately tissue-engineered skin substitutes. At the present time, there are no models of an artificial skin that completely replicate normal uninjured skin. Natural biopolymers such as collagen and fibronectin have been investigated as potential sources of biomaterial to which cells can attach. The first generation of degradable polymers used in tissue engineering were adapted from other surgical uses and have drawbacks in terms of mechanical and degradation properties. This has led to the development of synthetic degradable gels primarily as a way to deliver cells and/or molecules in situ, the so-called smart matrix technology. Tissue or organ repair is usually accompanied by fibrotic reactions that result in the production of a scar. Certain mammalian tissues, however, have a capacity for complete regeneration without scarring; good examples include embryonic or foetal skin and the ear of the MRL/MpJ mouse. Investigations of these model systems reveal that in order to achieve such complete regeneration, the inflammatory response is altered such that the extent of fibrosis and scarring is diminished. From studies on the limited examples of mammalian regeneration, it may also be possible to exploit such models to further clarify the regenerative process. The challenge is to identify the factors and cytokines expressed during regeneration and incorporate them to create a smart matrix for use in a skin equivalent. Recent advances in the use of DNA microarray and proteomic technology are likely to aid the identification of such molecules. This, coupled with recent advances in non-viral gene delivery and stem cell technologies, may also contribute to novel approaches that would generate a skin replacement whose materials technology was based not only upon intelligent design, but also upon the molecules involved in the process of regeneration.     

Removal of Cu2+ from Aqueous Solutions by Adsorption on Chemically Modified Cellulosic Supports

Low-cost materials containing carboxyl groups have been synthesized by grafting succinic anhydride onto sawdust and cotton fibers. These materials were used after activation with NaHCO₃ for the removal of Cu²⁺ from water. Removal of copper was carried out at different concentrations in a discontinuous reactor and in a continuous adsorption column. The adsorption of Cu²⁺ obeys to the Langmuir isotherm law and the values determined for the separation factor show that the system adsorbent/adsorbed substance is favorable to the adsorption process. Copper desorption and adsorbent regeneration can be achieved with diluted acid.