S135钻杆钢的拉扭复合加载疲劳行为

采用疲劳实验和回归分析相结合的方法,研究了S135钻杆钢在拉扭复合加载条件下的疲劳行为,并对疲劳断口进行了微观分析。结果表明:当τa/σeq=0.7时,由拉扭应力幅对应的当量应力表示的疲劳寿命公式可很好地描述S135钻杆钢的拉扭疲劳寿命规律;疲劳断口由疲劳源区、疲劳裂纹稳定扩展区和快速瞬断区组成,疲劳裂纹从试样表面萌生,并向试样内部扩展,且常为多疲劳源,不同疲劳源断口的连接和复合加载形成所谓的"屋脊"状特征;拉扭疲劳断裂试样裂纹源区的微观断口特征为明显的河流花样,裂纹扩展区的微观断口特征为疲劳条带与涟波状花样。     

铝合金钻杆旋转弯曲疲劳断口特征

首先对铝合金钻杆进行了不同应力幅值的旋转弯曲疲劳试验,然后采用扫描电镜观察其断口微观形貌特征。结果表明:在170 MPa低应力下,铝合金钻杆的疲劳断口可分为疲劳源区、裂纹扩展区及瞬断区3个区域,微裂纹在试样次表面相界处萌生,裂纹稳态扩展区面积较大,占60%以上;在290 MPa高应力下,铝合金钻杆的疲劳断口上有多个疲劳源区,微裂纹于试样表面或近表面位置形核,裂纹扩展区面积仅占15%~30%。对于同一试样,随着裂纹的扩展,断口上疲劳滑移台阶变宽,疲劳条带逐渐清晰;对于不同试样,随着应力的提高,裂纹扩展速率增大,疲劳条带间距变宽,更易出现二次疲劳裂纹,断口上裂纹扩展区面积明显减小,相应的疲劳寿命也大幅降低。     

拉压加载下纤维增强铝合金层板疲劳裂纹扩展的压载荷效应与预测模型

基于增量塑性损伤理论与纤维增强金属层板疲劳裂纹扩展唯象方法, 推导出在拉-压循环加载下, 纤维增强金属层板疲劳裂纹扩展速率预测模型。并通过玻璃纤维增强铝合金层板在应力比R=-1,-2的疲劳裂纹扩展实验对预测模型进行验证。结果表明, 纤维增强铝合金层板疲劳裂纹扩展的压载荷效应分为两种情况: 在有效循环应力比R_C>0时, 表现为压载荷对铝合金层所承受残余拉应力的抵消作用; 当R_C<0时, 表现为压载荷抵消残余拉应力后, 对纤维增强铝合金层板金属层的塑性损伤, 对疲劳裂纹扩展存在促进作用。纤维铝合金层板疲劳裂纹扩展的压载荷效应不可忽略, 本文中得出的在拉-压循环加载下疲劳裂纹扩展速率预测模型与实验结果符合较好。     

超声深滚处理改善预腐蚀7A52-CZ铝合金疲劳性能机理

研究了超声深滚(UDR)处理对预腐蚀7A52-CZ铝合金疲劳性能的作用.7A52铝合金试样在剥蚀腐蚀溶液中浸泡不同时间后进行了超声深滚处理.分别对未腐蚀试样、腐蚀试样和腐蚀+UDR处理试样进行了疲劳试验,用XRD应力测试和扫描电镜等方法分析了UDR处理前后试样的残余应力和断口形貌,并对疲劳断口进行了分析.结果表明:UDR处理在铝合金中引入超过1mm深的残余压应力层,延长了7A52的预腐蚀疲劳寿命.对于腐蚀较轻的试样,UDR处理使裂纹源在表层下残余压应力和拉应力过渡区产生,延长了疲劳裂纹萌生寿命;对腐蚀较重试样,疲劳裂纹仍从晶间腐蚀处形核,但由于引入残余压应力及腐蚀裂纹的部分愈合效应,仍在很大程度上改善了7A52的预腐蚀疲劳寿命.     

2024铝合金喷丸试件疲劳寿命试验及仿真研究

现有的喷丸材料疲劳性能研究扩展有限元模型没有考虑残余应力对裂纹扩展的影响。对2024铝合金的喷丸与未喷丸试样进行三弯疲劳试验,以明确喷丸工艺对试件疲劳寿命的强化作用。通过ABAQUS建立试件的二维平面应力模型,导入残余应力并利用扩展有限元法模拟循环载荷下裂纹的萌生与扩展,对比试验结果来验证该扩展有限元数值模型的正确性。最后基于该数值模型,改变载荷工况,研究不同载荷工况下残余应力对疲劳寿命的影响,得到喷丸残余应力强化作用与载荷工况的关系。结果表明:喷丸引入的残余应力可以有效地增强试件的疲劳寿命;过大的循环载荷可能造成喷丸残余应力发生松弛;在最大载荷不变的前提下,应力比越小,试件疲劳寿命越短;应力比越大,残余应力对疲劳寿命强化效果越明显。     

P92钢蠕变-疲劳交互作用下的裂纹扩展行为EI北大核心CSCD

在630℃下,对P92钢进行应力控制下的蠕变-疲劳交互作用实验,研究P92钢高温蠕变-疲劳交互作用下的裂纹扩展行为,并结合断口形貌分析蠕变-疲劳裂纹扩展的机理以及a-N曲线的转折点含义。结果表明:P92钢在蠕变-疲劳交互作用下的断裂属于蠕变韧性断裂,应该用(C_t)_(avg)作为裂纹扩展的断裂参量;P92钢在蠕变-疲劳交互条件下,试样的断口主要表现为蠕变孔洞以及微裂纹。此外,发现a-lg(N_i/N_f)曲线以及(da-dN)-N曲线中的拐点,分别对应蠕变-疲劳裂纹萌生区向扩展区转变周次以及扩展区向瞬断区转变的周次。     

喷丸对扭转疲劳性能的影响EI

对扭转试样进行喷丸和预应变,经强化后试样的对称扭转疲劳极限比磨削态提高20～30％。 断口分析表明,在疲劳极限水平附近运转的扭转疲劳断裂是由正应力引起的,断口与轴线成45°。喷丸试样的硬度分布曲线表明,在表下一定深度存在软化区,而裂纹萌生的位置比软化区更深。 喷丸后扭转疲劳极限提高的主要原因是残余压应力的作用。在喷丸前或后进行预应变均使疲劳极限下降。这和预应变时造成的损伤或在夹杂周围造成裂纹有关,它使疲劳寿命降低。     

温度和应力比对航空铝合金疲劳裂纹扩展规律的影响及其机理

针对7475-T761航空铝合金中心开裂(MT)试样进行了不同温度、不同应力比条件下的一系列疲劳裂纹扩展试验,得到了相应试验条件下的疲劳裂纹扩展数据与规律,讨论了应力比、环境温度对疲劳裂纹扩展行为的影响,并利用扫描电镜(SEM)观测分析了疲劳断口。结果表明:7475-T761铝合金疲劳裂纹扩展速率随应力比、温度的增加而增加;消除裂纹闭合效应影响后,相同温度不同应力比下的da/dN-ΔKeff可由同一拟合公式描述;高温时弹性模量和材料抗拉强度的下降以及裂纹表面氧化导致裂纹扩展速率较快;对比不同条件下稳定扩展区疲劳条带宽度验证了试验分析结论。     

拉弯扭比例加载下50CrVA弹簧钢的多轴疲劳寿命及损伤特征

用MTS 809拉-扭电液伺服材料试验机研究50CrVA弹簧钢标准试样以及各偏心试样在比例加载下的多轴疲劳寿命,并用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对疲劳断口形貌进行观察。结果表明:比例加载下当弯曲应力幅值不超过等效应力的11%时,附加弯矩对试样的疲劳寿命无影响。各试样断口在疲劳扩展前期可以观察到轮胎花样;疲劳裂纹的扩展方向有周向和径向两种。断口上的疲劳特征为综合应力作用的结果;沿径向和周向分布的疲劳条带分别为轴向应力作用和扭转切应力作用的结果。     

喷射成形GH738合金的疲劳裂纹扩展行为

进行了不同温度、频率和应力比条件下喷射成形GH738合金紧凑拉伸(CT)试样的疲劳裂纹扩展试验,分析了相应条件下的疲劳裂纹扩展速率及其对疲劳裂纹扩展行为的影响规律。结果表明:随着温度的升高,裂纹扩展速率略有加快;加载频率降低,疲劳裂纹扩展加速;裂纹扩展速率da/d N随应力比R的增大而增大。疲劳断口呈现多裂纹源特征,裂纹稳定扩展为疲劳条带机制。     

拉—拉疲劳下15MnMoVN多裂纹扩展研究

为分析单裂纹或多裂纹在裂纹面承受疲劳拉伸载荷作用下尖端应力强度因子变化规律和裂纹形貌变化以及疲劳寿命情况,以含不同初始长深比的半椭圆单裂纹或双裂纹的薄片试样为研究对象,对试样在应力比R=0.1的疲劳拉伸载荷下单裂纹或双裂纹情况进行了仿真分析。建立含裂纹试样的有限元模型,仿真分析了裂纹在扩展过程中尖端应力强度因子的分布情况,并将单裂纹扩展结果与双裂纹相互作用影响下的结果进行了对比研究;进行含裂纹试样的疲劳实验,分析了含单裂纹或双裂纹的试样的断裂面的形成原因,并验证仿真结果正确性。结果表明,裂纹面之间的相互作用会逐渐影响裂纹的扩展方向、扩展速率以及在扩展过程中尖端应力强度因子的变化趋势;而且初始形貌为半椭圆形的双裂纹在相互作用影响下会逐渐过渡到半圆形。     

The effect of load level on the mechanism of fatigue crack propagation in ABS

The fatigue crack propagation (FCP) mechanism of an ABS was examined under tension-tension loading as a function of load level. The crack was always preceded by a damage zone consisting of assemblies of stress-whitened lines. Crack growth was predominantly through the root damage line, with occasional jumps into neighbouring lines. These jumps occurred most frequently in the medium load level test. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analyses showed the damage within the stress-whitened lines to consist of elongated, and occasionally ruptured, rubbery domains at the specimen surface, with the appearance of extensive crazes bridging their interstices toward the mid-thickness. The craze intensity (size and number) increased with decreasing load level. The crazes manifested themselves on the fracture surface as a patch morphology, which was increasingly pervasive with decreasing load level. In the rougher region that followed, ductile tearing of the matrix is believed to be promoted by rubber cavitation and the merging of crazes. Normal fatigue striations indicate crack advance by greater fractions of the damage zone length at higher load levels.     

1240MPa级Ti-38644高锁螺栓的拉伸疲劳增寿机理

用扫描电镜和能谱观测分析Ti-38644高强钛合金高锁螺栓的拉伸疲劳断口,揭示了高锁螺栓的疲劳裂纹萌生和扩展的微观特征和疲劳增寿机理。结果表明,Ti-38644高强钛合金高锁螺栓的疲劳断口包括疲劳裂纹萌生区、扩展区和瞬断区:疲劳裂纹从螺栓头下圆角滚压薄弱部位表面萌生,随后在基体中呈放射性扩展;进入扩展区后裂纹的尺寸由微观扩展至宏观,以疲劳条带扩展机制为主,同时也存在解理断裂。头下圆角处的变形层对Ti-38644高锁螺栓的疲劳寿命有显著的影响,变形层使Ti-38644钛合金高锁螺栓的疲劳寿命明显提高。通过微观组织与疲劳寿命的对比,探讨了Ti-38644钛合金高锁螺栓疲劳强化的作用机理。     

6005A铝合金挤压型材搅拌摩擦焊接头的疲劳性能

对6005A-T6铝合金挤压型材进行焊速为1000 mm/min的搅拌摩擦高焊速焊接,研究了对接面机械打磨对接头组织和力学性能的影响.结果 表明,与生产中常用的焊前打磨处理相比,尽管对接面未机械打磨的接头焊核区的"S"线更明显,但是两种接头的硬度分布和拉伸性能相当,拉伸时都在最低硬度区即热影响区断裂.高周疲劳实验结果表...     

Correlation of stepwise fatigue and creep slow crack growth in high density polyethylene

The kinetics and mechanism of slow crack growth in fatigue and creep of high density polyethylene were studied. The relationship between fatigue and creep was examined by varying the R-ratio (the minimum/maximum loads in the fatigue loading cycle) in the tensile mode such that loading ranged from mainly dynamic (R = 0.1) to static (R = 1.0, creep test). The stepwise crack propagation mechanism characteristic of long-term failures in polyethylene was observed for all loading conditions studied. Fatigue fracture kinetics allowed for extrapolation to the case of creep failure, which suggested that short-term fatigue testing can be used to predict long-term creep fracture properties. The size of the craze damage zone ahead of the arrested crack tip was controlled only by the mean stress, however the lifetime of the zone was determined by both the maximum stress and the mean stress. Crack growth rate was related to the maximum stress and the mean stress by a power law relationship, which described crack growth over the entire range of loading conditions studied.     

Experimental investigation on low cycle fatigue and fracture behaviour of a notched Ni‐based superalloy at elevated temperature

In order to investigate the effects of stress concentration on low cycle fatigue properties and fracture behaviour of a nickel‐based powder metallurgy superalloy, FGH97, at elevated temperature, the low cycle fatigue tests have been conducted with semi‐circular and semi‐elliptical single‐edge notched plate specimens at 550 and 700 °C. The results show that the fatigue life of the notched specimen decreases with the increase of stress concentration factor and the fatigue crack initiation life evidently decreases because of the defect located in the stress concentration zone. Moreover, the plastic deformation induced by notch stress concentration affects the initial crack occurrence zone. The angle α of the crack occurrence zone is within ±10° of notch bisector for semi‐circular notched specimens and ±20° for semi‐elliptical notched specimens. The crack propagation rate decreases to a minimum at a certain length, D, and then increases with the growth of the crack. The crack propagation rate of the semi‐elliptical notched specimen decelerates at a faster rate than that of the semi‐circular notched specimen because of the increase of the notch plasticity gradient. The crack length, D, is affected by both the applied load and the notch plasticity gradient. In addition, the fracture mechanism is shown to transition from transgranular to intergranular as temperature increases from 550 to 700 °C, which would accelerate crack propagation and reduce the fatigue life.     

Craze roles in the fatigue of polycarbonate

Unnotched specimens of polycarbonate were deformed to failure in equal tension-compression, under load control. Fracture surfaces exhibited two distinctly different crack propagation regimes. In the first zone, the crack moves forward through an already existing craze. Craze ageing at the crack tip is necessary for propagation and several stress cycles are required before the crack tip can move from arrest site to arrest site. In the second zone, the crack tip must form and age its own craze(s) before moving forward. In the initial stage of Zone 2, the crack mobility is still restricted by the age of the craze. Later in this zone, the crack tip is able to create craze and move through it in the same cycle. Static tensile deformation from 90% to 95% of the yield point produced an increase in the low-load fatigue life. This increase is explained on the basis of the mechanics of coarse crazes.     

Deformation behaviour of coextruded multilayer composites with polycarbonate and poly(styrene-acrylonitrile)

The tensile properties of coextruded multilayer composites comprised of predominantly 49 alternating layers of polycarbonate (PC) and polystyrene- acrylonitrile (SAN) were investigated in the bulk and microscopically. The bulk was characterized by three types of behaviour: brittle fracture at low strains, ductile yielding with fracture during neck formation, and formation of a stable neck followed by drawing to high extension. Optical microscopy was utilized to correlate deformation mechanisms within each phase to the observed modes of deformation in the bulk. Optical microscopy showed that in all cases the initial irreversible deformation event was the formation of cracks or crazes in the SAN layers. Good adhesion between the layers resulted in the subsequent initiation of shear bands in the polycarbonate layers at the craze tips. Interaction of crazes and shear bands produced an expanded damage zone ahead of the propagating crack which delocalized the stress and delayed fracture. The ultimate mode of fracture depended on the relative thickness of the SAN and PC layers, as determined by the composition, and the strain rate.     

Experimental investigation on low cycle fatigue of DZ125 with film cooling holes in different processes of laser drilling

Due to the different low cycle fatigue (LCF) properties and fatigue fracture behavior around film cooling holes on DZ125, the LCF tests are carried out using tension cycling under stress control conditions (stress ratio R = 0.1) at 900 °C. The specimens were designed as thin-wall plate with single hole and multi holes under picosecond and nanosecond laser drilling processes. Comparative analyses of the differences between fatigue life and microscopic fracture morphology are conducted. It is shown that under the same stress condition, the relationship between fatigue life is as follows: picosecond laser single-holed specimen > nanosecond laser single-holed specimens > picosecond laser multi-holed specimens > nanosecond laser multi-holed specimens. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) analyses of the fracture revealed that the crack initiates from the film cooling holes where fatigue source zone, fatigue crack propagation zone and fatigue fracture zone can be found. However, the different processes lead to slightly different fracture morphology: radial-type ridge centering on the fatigue source zone is more apparent and uniform in picosecond laser drilling specimens than in the nanosecond laser drilling ones. On the other hand, the radial-type ridge is biased toward large-aperture side with nanosecond laser drilling.     

Accelerated fatigue fracture mechanism of medium density polyethylene pipe material

Fatigue crack propagation studies were performed in medium density polyethylene pipe to elucidate the damage mechanism associated with pipe failure. Past pipe testing methods required up to several years to produce failures which mimicked those observed in the field. However, by fatiguing a specially designed test specimen, brittle failure, resembling that observed under service conditions, was produced in only three days. It was determined that the method of loading and the crack plane orientation greatly affect the degree and extent of brittle crack propagation. In some specimen geometries, the initial brittle fracture may undergo a transition to a more ductile failure mode. The damage which precedes the crack tip during brittle cracking is a root craze and two smaller side crazes; these crazes are primarily composed of yielded membranes which are oriented normal to the crack propagation direction, rather than being composed of fibrils. The number and length of these crazes was shown to be dependent on the chosen test geometry.