具有保温性能的电纺LA/PET纳米纤维复合织物的制备与表征（英文）

本文制备了电纺月桂酸(LA)/聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)纳米纤维/机织物的复合织物,并对其进行了表征。选用纯棉纱线、毛纱线、涤棉纱线、腈纶纱线和涤纶纱线分别作为经纬纱线,在实验室制备机织物小样,同时,通过静电纺丝法制备LA/PET纳米纤维,将LA包裹在PET基材之中。之后通过缝合的方式,将电纺LA/PET纳米纤维和机织物构造成三明治结构的复合织物。对纳米纤维的形貌和热性能进行了表征,并分别探究了LA/PET的质量比,机织物组织结构和机织物材料对复合织物保温性能的影响。结果表明:LA/PET纳米纤维呈圆柱形,具有光滑表面,LA和PET展现出良好的相容性,热焓值略低于理论值,但相变温度改变不大。复合织物的热保温性能测试表明,复合织物的保温性能都优于未加入相变材料的织物,同时展现出良好的热循环稳定性。     

调温纳米纤维/织物复合材料的制备与性能研究

为了研究一种新的环保型调温智能纺织品,利用静电纺丝技术制备了相变材料/PLA纳米纤维膜,使用莫代尔/纳米纤维膜/羊毛织物的三明治结构得到了纳米纤维/织物复合材料。研究了纳米纤维的形貌结构和热学性能,对复合织物进行了透湿透气性、保温性能和保温稳定性测试。分析结果表明:纳米纤维表面粗糙但粗细均匀且具有一定的取向性;纳米纤维膜的熔融温度为22.83℃,熔融热焓为80.37J/g;含有1.5g纳米纤维膜的复合织物的透湿透气性良好,透湿量为5070.24g/(m2·24h),透气率为193.59mm/s;复合织物的温度从20℃上升到35℃比普通织物慢了5min,表现出优异的调温性能;经过20次升降温循环测试,复合织物的自调温效果没有明显变化,说明其调温性能具有良好的稳定性。     

沉积Ag纳米层改善定型相变复合纤维膜的传热性能

以癸酸(CA)、月桂酸(LA)和肉豆蔻酸(MA)为原料制备了新型的脂肪酸三元低共熔物(CA-LA-MA),并将其作为固-液相变材料,以沉积2 h银(Ag)纳米颗粒的静电纺聚丙烯腈(PAN)纳米纤维膜为支撑材料,通过物理吸附法制备了新型的CA-LA-MA/PAN和CA-LA-MA/PAN/Ag定型相变复合纤维膜。研究了磁控溅射Ag纳米层对定型相变复合纤维传热性能的影响。结果表明,沉积Ag纳米层后定型相变复合纤维膜的储热和放热时间分别缩短了31%和25%。制备的CA-LA-MA/PAN/Ag定型相变复合纤维膜的融化温度和结晶温度分别为19.87℃和11.63℃,融化焓值和结晶焓值分别为123.1 kJ/kg和121.5 kJ/kg。     

纳米SiO2对静电纺LA-PA/PET复合相变纤维形态和热学性能的影响

以月桂酸和棕榈酸二元低共熔混合物(LA-PA)、聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯(PET)和纳米二氧化硅(SiO2)为原料,通过静电纺丝的方法成功制备了新型的LA-PA/PET/SiO2定形相变复合纤维。分别采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和差示扫描量热仪(DSC)研究了纳米SiO2对静电纺LA-PA/PET/SiO2复合相变纤维的形貌结构和热学性能的影响。SEM观察结果显示,随着纳米SiO2的加入,复合相变纤维表面呈现出光滑的形态特点,纤维直径有所降低;且随着纳米SiO2含量的增加而逐渐减小。DSC分析结果表明纳米SiO2的含量对复合相变纤维的熔化焓值和结晶焓值有一定的影响,对相变温度没有显著性的影响。     

静电纺复合相变纤维的制备与热性能

通过静电纺丝方法成功制备了新型的月桂酸-硬脂酸(LA-SA)/聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯(PET)定形相变复合纤维。场发射扫描电子显微镜(FE-SEM)观察结果显示,随着LA-SA含量的增加,纤维表面的褶皱越来越明显,且纤维直径逐渐增大。差示扫描量热(DSC)分析结果显示,随着LA-SA在纤维中比例的增大,复合纤维的相变温度变化不大,相变焓值逐渐增加。DSC热循环测试结果表明,静电纺LA-SA/PET复合相变纤维是一种相变过程完全可逆的定形相变材料,可以在环境中循环使用。热重(TGA)分析结果表明,LA-SA/PET复合相变纤维分别在135℃～240℃和325℃～500℃温度范围内发生热降解,在相变温度范围(<100℃)内具有良好的热稳定性。     

中空涤纶/不锈钢/竹炭保温透湿材料的开发及性能研究

通过花式捻线方法将中空涤纶、不锈钢长丝和竹炭纤维三种功能性纤维并捻获得复合纱线,利用纱线强度、毛羽和实际捻度测试,得到最佳的纱线纺制参数。并采用最佳工艺参数纺制的包绕纱线进行平纹织物织造,对其织物透湿性、远红外发射率以及保温性能进行测试表征,最终制备一种可用于防寒服的新型保温透湿织物。结果表明,缠绕捻度为上捻度200,下捻度0时,纺制的包芯纱具有最佳捻度。中空涤纶/不锈钢/竹炭织物透湿率为5 184g/(m2·24h),达到透湿织物透湿要求的2倍以上。一至四层织物的远红外发射率均在70%及以上,符合远红外发射率具有功能性结果的范围。织物克罗值达到7.355clo,高于极低温作业穿着克罗值51.6%,可满足极低温环境下的织物保温要求。织物保温率为62.43%,相比于棉、毛等传统纺织原料,织物保温率可以提升2倍以上。     

负载纳米银颗粒增强CA-MA/PAN复合相变纤维膜的传热性能

以银纳米颗粒作为传热增强材料制备新型的静电纺聚丙烯腈/纳米银(PAN/Ag-NPs复合纳米纤维支撑膜,以癸酸-肉豆蔻酸(CA-MA)二元低共熔物为固-液相变材料,通过物理吸附法制备CA-MA/PAN/Ag-NPs复合定形相变纤维膜。扫描电子显微镜图像观察显示CA-MA被成功地吸附到静电纺PAN/Ag-NPs复合纤维膜的孔隙网络结构中。DSC测试结果表明添加Ag-NPs对复合纤维膜的储热性能没有显著影响,其相变温度约为10～31℃之间,相变焓值约为131～147kJ/kg。此外,添加10wt.%Ag-NPs后CA-MA/PAN复合纤维膜的储热和放热时间分别缩短了约47%和49%。     

磁致型聚己内酯/纳米四氧化三铁形状记忆复合电纺纤维的制备与表征

以交联的聚己内酯(c-PCL)作为复合电纺纤维的基体材料,纳米四氧化三铁(Fe3O4)作为添加填料,运用静电纺丝的技术,制备了在交变磁场下回复的形状记忆复合纳米电纺纤维。通过X射线衍射(XRD)、透射电镜(TEM)对制备的Fe3O4纳米颗粒进行了表征;利用扫描电镜(SEM)、差式扫描量热法(DSC)及动态力学分析(DMA)等检测手段对PCL/Fe3O4复合纳米纤维进行了表征。实验表明:粒径为14nm的Fe3O4在电纺丝中均匀分布,制备的复合纳米纤维的转变温度为53℃,在交变磁场中具有较好的形状记忆性能。     

十二酸十二酯/复合聚乙烯醇调温电纺纤维的制备及性能

为改善聚乙烯醇(PVA)对相变材料十二酸十二酯(PCM)的包封稳定性与力学性能,以经戊二醛交联改性的复合分子量共混PVA作为支撑材料、以十二酸十二酯作为相变材料,采用乳液静电纺丝技术制备了PCM/PVA蓄热调温纤维.采用旋转流变仪、扫描电镜、差示扫描量热仪、温度记录仪、热红外成像仪、多功能拉伸仪等研究了O/W型PCM/PVA纺丝液的组成及电纺纤维的表面形貌、储热性能、调温性能和力学性能等.研究结果表明,以不同相对分子质量的PVA1和PVA2共混制备复合PVA,当PVA1与PVA2质量比为3:7,PVA质量分数为14.0％,PCM与PVA质量比为50:100时,PCM/PVA纺丝液具有良好的稳定性和可纺性.电纺PCM/PVA纤维具有良好的蓄热调温性、热循环稳定性、耐水稳定性和力学性能,热处理后PCM/PVA电纺纤维中的PCM几乎无泄露.     

储热调温纤维及织物的制备研究进展

介绍了储热调温纤维及织物的储热调温机理、国内外最新研究进展。讨论了相变材料涂覆法、中空纤维填充法、皮芯复合纺丝法制备储热调温纤维及织物,此外,重点研究了相变材料胶囊复合法包括MicroPCMs涂覆织物、熔融纺制含MicroPCMs的皮芯复合纤维、湿法纺制含MicroPCMs的调温纤维和相变材料胶囊填充织物法制备储热调温纤维及织物,并对各种复合方法优缺点进行了对比。预测了储热调温纤维及织物的发展方向。     

A novel shape-stabilized PCM: Electrospun ultrafine fibers based on lauric acid/polyethylene terephthalate composite

Recently, ultrafine fibers of PCM/polymer composites have been developed as a novel shape-stabilized polymer-matrix phase change material (PCM) via electrospinning technique. In this study, ultrafine fibers of lauric acid/polyethylene terephthalate (LA/PET) composite (1:1, w/w) were successfully prepared and characterized by field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and tensile testing. The results indicated that the electrospun fibers showed smooth surfaces and cylindrical shape with diameters ranging from several tens to several hundreds nanometer, and the latent heat of fusion of the fibers is about 70.76 J/g. Although the tensile properties of the electrospun composite fibers were lower than that of the electrospun pure PET fibers, they showed suitable and competent tensile strength for the potential applications in solar energy storage and thermo-regulating textile.     

Fabrication of electrospun nanofibre yarn based on nylon 6/microencapsulated phase change materials

Twisted nylon 6 nanofibre yarns containing microencapsulated phase change materials (MPCMs) were fabricated via electrospinning to prepare thermal regulating nanofibre yarns. Electrospun nanofibre yarns with different contents of MPCMs including 0.375, 0.75, 1.5 and 3 wt% were prepared. The surface morphology, crystallisation and thermal properties of the yarn samples were characterised by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and differential scanning calorimetry, respectively. SEM results showed that electrospun composite fibres and yarns had good morphology with smooth surface and the MPCMs were randomly distributed on the composite yarn surface, inside the nanofibres and between the fibres in the yarn structure. Additionally, the SEM results suggested that the average diameters of nylon 6/MPCM nanofibres decreased from 0.23 ± 0.03 µm for neat nylon 6 to a minimum of 0.10 ± 0.02 µm for composite yarn containing 3 wt% MPCM. However, nylon 6/MPCM nanofibre yarn diameter displayed a complex behaviour; the average diameters of electrospun composite yarns increased upon addition of MPCM and reached a maximum value of 165.1 ± 5.11 µm for composite yarn containing 0.75 wt% MPCM, then decreased markedly. These changes in nylon 6/MPCM nanofibres and yarn diameters have been discussed in terms of electrospinning solution properties and twist parameter. The melting enthalpy values of MPCM in the composite nanofibre yarns increased as the content of MPCMs increased up to the highest content and higher than 80% of the heat storage capacity of MPCMs was retained after electrospinning.     

Top-down process based on electrospinning, twisting, and heating for producing one-dimensional carbon nanotube assembly

Multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWNT)/poly(vinyl butyral) (PVB) composite nanofibers were prepared by electrospinning, successive twisting and heat treatment. The MWNTs were highly oriented in an electrified thin jet during electrospinning. The heat treatment of the twisted electrospun nanofiber yarns produced the characteristics of the CNT in the composite nanofiber yarns and enhanced their electrical properties, mechanical properties, and thermal properties. The electrical conductivity of the heated yarn was significantly enhanced and showed the maximum value of 154 S cm(-1) for the yarn heated at 400 °C. It is an order of magnitude higher than other electrospun CNT composite materials. These results demonstrated that the novel top-down process based on electrospinning, twisting, and heat treatment provide a promising option for simple and large-scale manufacture of CNT assemblies.     

静电纺纤维素纳米晶体/壳聚糖-聚乙烯醇复合纳米纤维的制备与表征

通过探索纤维素纳米晶体（CNC）添加量对壳聚糖-聚乙烯醇（CS-PVA）基体性能的影响,为静电纺CNC/CS-PVA复合纳米纤维的制备提供理论支撑。以CNC、CS和PVA为原料,采用静电纺丝法成功制备不同CNC含量（质量分数）的静电纺CNC/CS-PVA复合纳米纤维,并通过SEM、TGA和FTIR等分析手段对CNC/CS-PVA复合纳米纤维的微观结构和性能进行了表征。结果表明：添加CNC后静电纺CNC/CS-PVA复合纳米纤维直径变大,表面变粗糙,力学性能和热学性能提高;随着CNC含量的增加,静电纺CNC/CS-PVA纤维的杨氏模量（E）和抗拉强度（σ）先增强后减弱,而外延起始温度继续上升。当CNC含量为3wt%时,静电纺CNC/CS-PVA复合纳米纤维力学性能最好,相比于CS-PVA复合纳米纤维,E和σ分别提高了43.9%和24.8%;当CNC含量为20wt%时,静电纺CNC/CS-PVA复合纳米纤维直径分布不均匀,可以观察到单根纤维表面存在少量的球状结构物质,同时外延起始温度达到328.83℃;FTIR分析得出,CNC与CS和PVA之间只存在分子间的相互作用而没有发生化学反应;随着溶液的酸性减弱,碱性增强,不同CNC含量的静电纺CNC/CS-PVA复合纳米纤维稳定性逐渐提高,而CNC含量对其稳定性影响不大。     

静电纺制备的PLLA/PCL复合支架性能及细胞相容性

利用静电纺丝技术制备了一系列不同比例的左旋聚乳酸/聚己内酯(PLLA/PCL)复合纳米纤维支架。通过扫描电镜、差热分析、宽角X射线衍射和接触角测试手段对支架结构与形态、结晶性能及亲水性进行了表征;采用在缓冲溶液中加酶的方式,研究了复合材料的降解性能;将体外培养的真皮成纤细胞接种至材料表面,用扫描电镜观察了成纤细胞在材料表面的生长情况。研究结果表明,电纺丝得到的复合支架纤维直径均一,且呈相互连通的多孔网状结构;脂肪酶的存在加速了支架材料的降解速度;成纤细胞在复合支架上具有良好的生长状态。     

静电纺丝法制备MWNTs/聚胺醚复合纳米纤维

用静电纺丝法制备MWNTs/聚胺醚复合纳米纤维,将收集到的无纺布通过SEM观察其微观形貌,并用Image-Pro Plus 6.0软件测量纤维的直径;分别用TG和XRD测试了复合纤维的热性能和结晶行为。结果表明,MWNTs含量较多的纺丝溶液受到的电场力较大,比较容易得到纤维,且得到的纤维直径较细;MWNTs含量为1%时溶液的可纺浓度为30%～34%;TGA分析表明,随碳管含量增加复合纳米纤维的热稳定性提高;XRD分析表明,碳管较好地分散于聚胺醚中。     

Processing and Properties of Multifunctional Metal Composite Yarns and Woven Fabric

Multifunctional metal composite yarns made of crisscross-section polyester (CSP), antibacterial nylon (AN), and stainless steel wires (SSW) were manufactured using a hollow spindle spinning machine. The core yarn, the inner wrapped yarn, and the outer wrapped yarns were SSW, AN, and CSP, respectively. Process parameters such as wrapping material content obviously influenced the tenacity, elongation, and surface morphology properties of the manufactured multifunctional metal composite yarns. These yarns were then woven into fabrics using a rapier loom. Woven fabric WC-8 was evaluated in terms of its mechanical properties, antibacterial activity, and electromagnetic shielding effectiveness (EMSE). Results showed that the use of SSW and AN in the metal composite yarns improved the antibacterial and EMSE of the woven fabric. Thus, these metal composite woven fabrics can be used in manufacturing personal protective clothing to protect humans from electromagnetic radiation and bacterial cross-infection.     

Electrospun single-walled carbon nanotube/polyvinyl alcohol composite nanofibers: structure-property relationships

Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) nanofibers and single-walled carbon nanotube (SWNT)/PVA composite nanofibers have been produced by electrospinning. An apparent increase in the PVA crystallinity with a concomitant change in its main crystalline phase and a reduction in the crystalline domain size were observed in the SWNT/PVA composite nanofibers, indicating the occurrence of a SWNT-induced nucleation crystallization of the PVA phase. Both the pure PVA and SWNT/PVA composite nanofibers were subjected to the following post-electrospinning treatments: (i) soaking in methanol to increase the PVA crystallinity, and (ii) cross-linking with glutaric dialdehyde to control the PVA morphology. Effects of the PVA morphology on the tensile properties of the resultant electrospun nanofibers were examined. Dynamic mechanical thermal analyses of both pure PVA and SWNT/PVA composite electrospun nanofibers indicated that SWNT-polymer interaction facilitated the formation of crystalline domains, which can be further enhanced by soaking the nanofiber in methanol and/or cross-linking the polymer with glutaric dialdehyde.     

Manufacturing techniques and property evaluations of conductive composite yarns coated with polypropylene and multi-walled carbon nanotubes

This study uses a melt extrusion method, a method for producing wires, to coat polyester (PET) yarns with polypropylene (PP) and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). The resulting PP/MWCNTs-coated PET conductive yarns are tested for their tensile properties, processability, morphology, melting and crystallization behaviors, electrical conductivity, and applications. The test results indicate that tensile strength of the conductive yarns increases with an increase in the coiling speed that contributes to a more single-direction-orientated MWCNTs arrangement as well as a greater adhesion between PP/MWCNTs and PET yarns. 8 wt% MWCNTs results in an 18 °C higher crystallization temperature (T_c) of PP and an electrical conductivity of 0.8862 S/cm. The test results of this study have proven that this form of processing technology can prepare PP/MWCNTs-coated PET conductive yarns that have satisfactory tensile properties and electrical conductivity, and can be used in functional woven fabrics and knitted fabrics.