3D打印石墨烯基功能材料的研究进展

石墨烯优良的力、电、热学特性赋予其在新型功能材料领域广阔的应用前景?如何实现石墨烯微纳尺度单元大尺度可控构筑?推动其优良的性能在宏观上的应用成为目前的重要挑战之一?在众多的三维石墨烯可控制备方法中?3D打印由于对材料结构形态的精确剪裁、结构复杂性和几何维度的可控设计?可实现石墨烯多尺度的可控构筑和功能组分材料的优化布局?3D打印石墨烯宏观体功能材料较传统的碳纳米材料展现出更优的力、电、热学等性能调控特性?是目前石墨烯功能材料研究重要的前沿领域之一?综述了几类目前应用于石墨烯宏观体制备的3D打印方法?以及在各种功能材料和器件方面的应用?基于3D打印这一新型的技术方法?有望实现快速大规模制备石墨烯基功能复合材料、生物医疗材料?制造高性能电子元件、柔性储能器件、智能传感器件等?     

石墨烯基储能材料的增材制造研究进展

石墨烯是一种具有大比表面积、高电导率和良好的力学性能的二维材料,在高容量和大功率储能器件方面具有广阔的应用前景。然而现有的各种石墨烯电极制造技术无论从技术层面还是在生产率、性能方面都难以满足当前工业应用的需求。石墨烯增材制造(石墨烯3D打印)在复杂三维石墨烯结构的制造方面具有突出的优势和潜力,而且还具有设备简单、成型结构可控性高等优点。关于石墨烯基电极材料的增材制造及应用在近两年内迅速发展。概述了基于增材制造制备石墨烯结构的典型技术——直写成型(DIW)的机理和优点,介绍了基于该技术制备的石墨烯基电极材料在超级电容器和锂离子电池领域的应用,最后对石墨烯基电极材料的增材制造面临的挑战和未来发展趋势进行了展望。     

微电池薄膜电极的制备及发展趋势

基于微型化设备在传感器、自主微电子机械、医疗等领域需求的日益增加,微电池作为能源装置也必将替代传统电池。重点阐述了微电池薄膜电极的制备方法以及喷墨式和挤压式3D打印技术在薄膜电极制备方面的应用。最后对3D打印薄膜电极所用墨水进行了介绍,并对3D打印薄膜电极的优势及发展趋势进行了分析。     

三维石墨烯及其复合材料的制备及在超级电容器中的研究进展

三维(3D)石墨烯及其复合材料具有柔韧性好、比表面积大、功率密度高、力学性能稳定以及离子传输迅速等优良性能,成为材料科学领域备受关注的材料。概述了三维石墨烯材料的基本性质和性能,并对其多元复合材料的制备方法以及在超级电容器储能材料方面的应用研究进展进行了评述。三维(3D)石墨烯常用的制备方法有自组装法、模板导向法和3D打印法等,通过对制备方法进行改进,可以有效调控三维材料的多孔结构、孔径、柔韧性和电子传递速度等性能。三维(3D)石墨烯与过渡金属化合物及导电聚合物复合而成的多元复合物在超级电容器电极材料方面表现出广阔的应用前景。     

基于3D打印的三维石墨烯基电极研究进展

超级电容器是一种高性能的能量存储设备，因具有高功率密度、快速的充放电速率、高安全性能、优异的循环稳定性和较宽的工作温度范围等优点备受人们关注和青睐，并在清洁能源、电动汽车、无线通信、航空航天、军事和消费电子等领域得到了广泛的应用。电极材料是决定超级电容器储能性能的关键因素之一，开发新型、高效电极材料的已成为国内外研究的热点。传统电极材料经过长期的发展虽取得了一些技术革新和突破，但仍存在碳基电极容量不大、过渡金属化合物导电性不高、导电聚合物循环稳定性不足等缺点。石墨烯是一种由单层碳原子构成的碳纳米材料，具有优异的物理化学性能，是超级电容器电极材料的新宠。三维石墨烯不仅能保留单层或少数层石墨烯独特的物理化学性质，而且具有低密度、多孔性、高度连通结构和微反应环境等特性，在超级电容器领域备受关注，比石墨烯具有更加广泛的应用前景。目前，三维石墨烯的制备方法主要有湿化学技术、CVD技术和3D打印技术等。其中，3D打印技术凭借其在空间构型设计和化学组成优化方面的独特优势，在生物医药和能源器件等领域迅速发展。基于3D打印的石墨烯基材料不仅具有良好的孔道分布和优异的力学性能，而且其独特的3D打印结构还能...     

生物医用材料的3D打印技术与发展

近年来,由于3D打印技术的迅猛发展,有关3D打印技术的应用受到科学界广泛关注,特别是生物医学领域。3D打印材料的瓶颈制约着3D打印技术的发展,特别是用于生物医学领域的打印材料,只有非常局限的几种,但是研究可打印生物医用材料意义重大,经济效益显著。简述了3D打印技术在生物医学工程上的应用。重点综述了用于3D打印的生物医用材料,主要涉及金属、陶瓷、高聚物、复合材料以及生物墨水等,并且阐述了3D打印材料的发展前景。     

我国超级电容器用石墨烯电极材料研究获进展

石墨烯因具有优异的物理、化学以及机械性能而成为材料领域的研究热点之一,国内外研究人员围绕石墨烯的可控制备及其在化学储能器件中的应用开展了大量的研究工作。在中科院"百人计划"和国家自然科学基金项目支持下,中国科学院兰州化学物理研究所清洁能源化学与材料实验室低维材料与化学储能课题组围绕石墨烯在超级电     

四大领域成为石墨烯研发重点

正石墨烯,被公认为21世纪的"未来材料"和"革命性材料"。是目前发现的硬度最高、韧性最强的纳米材料,在电子学、光学、磁学、生物医学、催化、储能和传感器等领域应用前景广阔。世界各国纷纷将石墨烯及其应用技术研发作为长期战略予以重点关注。其应用技术研究布局热点包括:石墨烯用作锂离子电池电极材料、太阳能电池电极材料、薄膜晶体管制备、传感器、半导体器件、透明显示触摸屏等。上海科技发展研究中心近日发布的报告称,从石墨烯专利领域分布来看,四大领域将成为其应用研发热点。     

石墨烯基材料的关键制备技术

石墨烯具有优良的材料性能且应用范围广泛,石墨烯基材料的制备技术得到高度的重视。介绍了石墨烯基材料的关键制备技术,如表面功能化技术、伽马射线辐照技术、自组装技术、模板合成技术、3D打印技术和粉末冶金技术。阐述了各工艺的技术原理、制备技术和所得产物的优缺点。为更好地实现石墨烯基材料的应用价值,对接下来的研究进行了展望。     

喷墨打印技术在功能材料精密器件加工中的应用

喷墨打印技术应用于聚合物成膜或成型,已成为功能聚合物沉积和精密器件加工领域的核心技术之一。介绍了喷墨打印技术在聚合物电致发光器件、有机薄膜晶体管、太阳能电池和传感器等领域的研究和应用进展,包括聚合物墨水的制备、薄膜均匀性、聚合物溶液与打印性能的关系、新型功能材料的研究和开发等问题,并指出了存在的问题和面临的挑战。     

石墨烯导电油墨的研究进展

目的 综述石墨烯导电油墨的制备工艺及其应用。方法 以查阅文献的形式了解石墨烯导电油墨的制备工艺, 比较分析不同制备方法得到的石墨烯导电相的特点, 阐述广义导电油墨的导电机理。重点介绍石墨烯导电油墨在电子器件和储能器件中的应用,并展望其发展前景。结果 目前对石墨烯导电油墨的制备工艺研究主要集中于油墨导电相的制备, 未来研究仍需关注连结料、 溶剂和助剂的选择。对石墨烯导电油墨的导电机理的研究尚未起步, 探讨石墨烯导电油墨的研究进展将有助于研究人员更好地了解并应用石墨烯导电油墨。结论 石墨烯导电油墨必将成为未来印制电子领域的关键材料。     

Extrusion‐Based 3D Printing of Hierarchically Porous Advanced Battery Electrodes

A highly porous 2D nanomaterial, holey graphene oxide (hGO), is synthesized directly from holey graphene powder and employed to create an aqueous 3D printable ink without the use of additives or binders. Stable dispersions of hydrophilic hGO sheets in water (≈100 mg mL^?1) can be readily achieved. The shear‐thinning behavior of the aqueous hGO ink enables extrusion‐based printing of fine filaments into complex 3D architectures, such as stacked mesh structures, on arbitrary substrates. The freestanding 3D printed hGO meshes exhibit trimodal porosity: nanoscale (4–25 nm through‐holes on hGO sheets), microscale (tens of micrometer‐sized pores introduced by lyophilization), and macroscale (<500 µm square pores of the mesh design), which are advantageous for high‐performance energy storage devices that rely on interfacial reactions to promote full active‐site utilization. To elucidate the benefit of (nano)porosity and structurally conscious designs, the additive‐free architectures are demonstrated as the first 3D printed lithium–oxygen (Li–O₂) cathodes and characterized alongside 3D printed GO‐based materials without nanoporosity as well as nanoporous 2D vacuum filtrated films. The results indicate the synergistic effect between 2D nanomaterials, hierarchical porosity, and overall structural design, as well as the promise of a freeform generation of high‐energy‐density battery systems.     

Emerging application of 3D-printing techniques in lithium batteries: From liquid to solid

There is rapid progress in the field of 3D printing technology for the production of electrodes, electrolytes, and packages of batteries due to the technique’s low cost, a wide range of geometries printable, and rapid prototyping speed by combining computer-aided design with advanced manufacturing procedures. The most important part of 3D printing applied in batteries is the printing of electrodes, electrolytes, and packages. These will affect the battery energy/power density. However, there are still several challenges that need to be overcome to print active and stable electrodes/electrolytes for energy storage systems that can rival that of the state-of-the-art. In this review, the printing materials, and methods for batteries from liquid to solid-state batteries are discussed and recent examples of this technique applied in high power/energy batteries are highlighted. This review for batteries will cover 3D printing technologies, printed cathode, and anode in conventional batteries, and printed solid-state electrolytes in solid-state batteries. The working principles, advantages, and limitations for solid-state batteries via the 3D printing method will be discussed before highlighting the printing materials for electrodes and electrolytes. We will then discuss how to modify the electrode and solid-state electrolyte to raise the electrochemical performance of solid-state batteries using 3D printing. Finally, we will give our insights into the future perspectives of this printing technique for fabricating batteries.     

导电油墨及其印刷技术的研究进展

目的 综述导电油墨及其印刷方式的研究进展,为开发价格低廉、性能稳定、导电性优良的导电油墨提供参考。方法 通过查阅文献归纳各类导电油墨的制备方式、印刷方式和应用领域,对导电油墨进行系统分类,比较各类导电油墨的性能和优缺点,并对其印刷技术进行分析,展望了导电油墨的发展前景。结果 目前关于导电油墨的研究集中在纳米银、纳米铜、石墨烯等导电填料的低温烧结油墨,主要采用丝网印刷、喷墨印刷等印刷方式,多用于制备传感器、柔性可穿戴设备等。未来的研究仍需关注如何低成本、低能耗、简单大量地制造导电油墨。结论 导电油墨的制备将与环境友好型的印刷方式相结合,向高导电性、高印刷适性发展,成为印刷电子领域的关键技术。     

Colloidal Nanosurfactants for 3D Conformal Printing of 2D van der Waals Materials

Printing techniques using nanomaterials have emerged as a versatile tool for fast prototyping and potentially large-scale manufacturing of functional devices. Surfactants play a significant role in many printing processes due to their ability to reduce interfacial tension between ink solvents and nanoparticles and thus improve ink colloidal stability. Here, a colloidal graphene quantum dot (GQD)-based nanosurfactant is reported to stabilize various types of 2D materials in aqueous inks. In particular, a graphene ink with superior colloidal stability is demonstrated by GQD nanosurfactants via the π–π stacking interaction, leading to the printing of multiple high-resolution patterns on various substrates using a single printing pass. It is found that nanosurfactants can significantly improve the mechanical stability of the printed graphene films compared with those of conventional molecular surfactant, as evidenced by 100 taping, 100 scratching, and 1000 bending cycles. Additionally, the printed composite film exhibits improved photoconductance using UV light with 400 nm wavelength, arising from excitation across the nanosurfactant bandgap. Taking advantage of the 3D conformal aerosol jet printing technique, a series of UV sensors of heterogeneous structures are directly printed on 2D flat and 3D spherical substrates, demonstrating the potential of manufacturing geometrically versatile devices based on nanosurfactant inks.     

Elevated‐Temperature 3D Printing of Hybrid Solid‐State Electrolyte for Li‐Ion Batteries

While 3D printing of rechargeable batteries has received immense interest in advancing the next generation of 3D energy storage devices, challenges with the 3D printing of electrolytes still remain. Additional processing steps such as solvent evaporation were required for earlier studies of electrolyte fabrication, which hindered the simultaneous production of electrode and electrolyte in an all‐3D‐printed battery. Here, a novel method is demonstrated to fabricate hybrid solid‐state electrolytes using an elevated‐temperature direct ink writing technique without any additional processing steps. The hybrid solid‐state electrolyte consists of solid poly(vinylidene fluoride‐hexafluoropropylene) matrices and a Li⁺‐conducting ionic‐liquid electrolyte. The ink is modified by adding nanosized ceramic fillers to achieve the desired rheological properties. The ionic conductivity of the inks is 0.78 × 10 ^?3 S cm^?1. Interestingly, a continuous, thin, and dense layer is discovered to form between the porous electrolyte layer and the electrode, which effectively reduces the interfacial resistance of the solid‐state battery. Compared to the traditional methods of solid‐state battery assembly, the directly printed electrolyte helps to achieve higher capacities and a better rate performance. The direct fabrication of electrolyte from printable inks at an elevated temperature will shed new light on the design of all‐3D‐printed batteries for next‐generation electronic devices.     

Evolution of 3D Printing Methods and Materials for Electrochemical Energy Storage

Additive manufacturing has revolutionized the building of materials, and 3D-printing has become a useful tool for complex electrode assembly for batteries and supercapacitors. The field initially grew from extrusion-based methods and quickly evolved to photopolymerization printing, while supercapacitor technologies less sensitive to solvents more often involved material jetting processes. The need to develop higher-resolution multimaterial printers is borne out in the performance data of recent 3D printed electrochemical energy storage devices. Underpinning every part of a 3D-printable battery are the printing method and the feed material. These influence material purity, printing fidelity, accuracy, complexity, and the ability to form conductive, ceramic, or solvent-stable materials. The future of 3D-printable batteries and electrochemical energy storage devices is reliant on materials and printing methods that are co-operatively informed by device design. Herein, the material and method requirements in 3D-printable batteries and supercapacitors are addressed and requirements for the future of the field are outlined by linking existing performance limitations to requirements for printable energy-storage materials, casings, and direct printing of electrodes and electrolytes. A guide to materials and printing method choice best suited for alternative-form-factor energy-storage devices to be designed and integrated into the devices they power is thus provided.     

Progress in 3D Printing of Carbon Materials for Energy‐Related Applications

The additive‐manufacturing (AM) technique, known as three‐dimensional (3D) printing, has attracted much attention in industry and academia in recent years. 3D printing has been developed for a variety of applications. Printable inks are the most important component for 3D printing, and are related to the materials, the printing method, and the structures of the final 3D‐printed products. Carbon materials, due to their good chemical stability and versatile nanostructure, have been widely used in 3D printing for different applications. Good inks are mainly based on volatile solutions having carbon materials as fillers such as graphene oxide (GO), carbon nanotubes (CNT), carbon blacks, and solvent, as well as polymers and other additives. Studies of carbon materials in 3D printing, especially GO‐based materials, have been extensively reported for energy‐related applications. In these circumstances, understanding the very recent developments of 3D‐printed carbon materials and their extended applications to address energy‐related challenges and bring new concepts for material designs are becoming urgent and important. Here, recent developments in 3D printing of emerging devices for energy‐related applications are reviewed, including energy‐storage applications, electronic circuits, and thermal‐energy applications at high temperature. To close, a conclusion and outlook are provided, pointing out future designs and developments of 3D‐printing technology based on carbon materials for energy‐related applications and beyond.     

Recent Advances in 3D Graphene Architectures and Their Composites for Energy Storage Applications

Graphene is widely applied as an electrode material in energy storage fields. However, the strong π–π interaction between graphene layers and the stacking issues lead to a great loss of electrochemically active surface area, damaging the performance of graphene electrodes. Developing 3D graphene architectures that are constructed of graphene sheet subunits is an effective strategy to solve this problem. The graphene architectures can be directly utilized as binder‐free electrodes for energy storage devices. Furthermore, they can be used as a matrix to support active materials and further improve their electrochemical performance. Here, recent advances in synthesizing 3D graphene architectures and their composites as well as their application in different energy storage devices, including various battery systems and supercapacitors are reviewed. In addition, their challenges for application at the current stage are discussed and future development prospects are indicated.