下伏开采软岩巷道底鼓机理与控制技术

综合运用现场实测、数值模拟与工程实践等手段,分析了磴槽煤矿下伏煤层开采软岩巷道围岩的变形破坏特点,揭示了下伏开采软岩巷道底鼓机理:下伏煤层采动使巷道底板成为碎裂结构,并致使巷道两帮产生收敛变形挤压底板;破碎的巷道底板在地应力和集中应力共同作用下向巷道内移动,形成底鼓。提出了由预留变形量、初次高性能锚网喷支护、锚注二次加固、底角高性能锚固与注浆加固组成的底鼓控制技术。工程应用效果表明,所提出的底鼓控制技术有效地控制了巷道底鼓,保证了巷道围岩和支护结构的稳定,可为其他下伏开采软岩巷道的支护设计与底鼓控制提供理论依据和实践参考。     

亭南煤矿深部软岩巷道底鼓“四控”机理及应用

针对亭南煤矿深部软岩巷道底鼓大变形现象进行深入研究,综合采用现场工程地质调查、物化分析、数值模拟计算、现场测试等方法,分析得出西翼轨道巷道底鼓的复合型变形力学机制,提出采用"四控一措施"新技术将复合型变形力学机制转化为单一型变形力学机制,即将顶板、两帮、底角和底板四部位看作是相互联系的整体,综合控制各部位变形,并结合防治水措施,达到有效控制底鼓的目的。"四控"是指:在顶板施加锚杆并在关键部位施加锚索,有效降低来自顶板并传递至底板上的应力;通过施加底角锚杆,利用材料自身抗弯刚度,切断底板基角塑性滑移线;帮部打入锚杆,增强帮部岩体强度,减小发生底鼓底板宽度;施加反底拱对底板作用均匀一致的支护反力,形成封闭的支护体系。"一措施"是指:及时设置排水沟,避免排水不畅积水浸入底板造成膨胀性底鼓;对顶板及两帮围岩做喷浆处理切断裂隙水路径;巷道挖底后立即铺设干石灰粉垫层封闭底板围岩。工程实践表明,该项新技术在亭南矿有效地控制了软岩巷道底鼓变形。     

高应力软岩底鼓巷道锚注联合支护技术研究

随着煤矿开采深度的不断增加,高应力软岩巷道底板变形严重,影响了矿井的正常生产。为彻底解决底鼓难以控制的问题,以船景煤矿首采区轨道上山为例,结合现场底板变形特征,利用数值模拟对比分析不同断面形状下的围岩变形,提出了带反底拱的直墙半圆拱形+注浆锚杆索联合支护方案,并且分析了反底拱底板注浆结构体的稳定性。采用该支护方案后,两帮平均移近量仅为82.5 mm;平均底鼓量仅为52.5 mm;顶板无明显下沉量。表明该方案能够提高高应力软岩巷道岩体强度、改善围岩力学性能和结构、提高围岩的整体承载能力,从而有效控制高应力软岩巷道底鼓。     

亭南煤矿软岩巷道底鼓机理及控制对策

亭南煤矿软岩巷道底鼓剧烈,最大底鼓量达500mm,严重影响巷道的正常使用。文中运用工程地质学、软岩工程力学等多学科理论,采用现场工程地质条件分析、室内实验与理论分析相结合的方法,以西翼轨道大巷为例,对软岩巷道底鼓变形机理及破坏过程进行了深入研究。结果表明,水平构造应力和膨胀性粘土矿物吸水膨胀是巷道底鼓的主要原因,变形机理是塑性挤出型和膨胀型综合作用的复合型底鼓,提出了反底拱+底角锚杆耦合支护技术结合防治水措施的底鼓控制对策。现场应用效果良好,有效控制了巷道底鼓。     

底板注浆及帮角锚杆加固技术控制巷道底鼓研究

为解决棋盘井煤矿9~#煤层回采巷道底鼓给矿井生产安全带来的不便。通过现场调查、理论分析、数值模拟、摩尔应力圆理论综合分析巷道底鼓机理,找出造成巷道底鼓的原因,确定巷道底鼓类型。提出底板注浆帮角锚杆加固+底板表面浇筑混凝土的方案。利用FLAC~(3D)模拟对比底鼓控制支护技术与底板未支护条件下的在位移量、塑性区、巷道围岩应力状态方面改善明显。通过工程实践监测,此方法控制底鼓成效显著,能有效地减小底板鼓起和巷道变形。     

综采工作面软岩煤巷围岩变形原理及控制技术

为解决察哈素煤矿软岩煤巷受采动影响产生的围岩变形和支护困难问题,采用理论分析和数值模拟相结合的方法,分析多次采动影响下巷道片帮和底鼓机理,得出护巷煤柱合理留设宽度,并在原支护方案的基础上设计31采区巷道改进支护方案。研究结果表明:该矿巷道底板为膨胀-挠曲复合型底鼓,煤柱片帮主要受煤柱尺寸影响。加大煤柱留设宽度至25 m可有效降低煤柱内侧向应力峰值和底板底鼓变形,减轻煤巷片帮;采用"补打底角锚杆+增加两帮支护密度+增加锚杆(索)长度"综合补强措施,可增强煤柱自承力和控制底鼓变形,有效控制现场围岩变形和破坏。     

基于爆破卸压的深部构造应力富水软岩巷道底鼓控制技术研究

底鼓是深部高应力软岩巷道常见的底板破坏形式,也是影响矿井安全高效生产的制约因素,更是目前千米深井亟待解决的关键问题。为解决深部高应力软岩巷道底鼓制约煤矿安全高效开采的现场问题,以平煤某矿-950水平回风大巷为工程背景,采用井下试验、物化分析、室内试验相结合的方法,从岩石强度和应力特征视角分析了围岩结构、矿物成分、水理作用、支护强度、原岩应力对巷道底鼓的影响机制,发现了高构造应力和水理作用是影响巷道严重底鼓的主要因素,揭示了该巷道的挤压流动性底鼓和遇水膨胀性底鼓机理。根据深部高应力软岩巷道底鼓机理分析,提出了基于底板爆破卸压的注浆加固底鼓联合控制技术,利用松动爆破技术阻断底板高应力传播路径,改善巷道围岩应力环境,释放底板压力;同时,利用注浆加固技术强化巷道底板围岩的承载力,提高底板抗变形能力。基于上述研究成果,提出爆破卸压+注浆加固的布置方案与参数,并进行了工业试验和底鼓变形监测。现场工业应用监测结果表明：采用底板松动爆破+注浆加固的联合支护方案后,巷道底板围岩处于稳定状态,底板在300 d内最大位移不超过310 mm,巷道底鼓变形量较无支护状态下减少了36.7%～49.0%,巷道底板未...     

高应力软岩巷道变形特征及其支护参数设计

为了探讨高应力软岩巷道合理的控制方法,根据吕家坨煤矿深部高应力软岩巷道围岩主要物性参数的实验室测试以及现场围岩变形的观测,利用FLAC3D软件进行了数值模拟,分析了高应力软岩巷道的变形失稳特征.研究表明:高应力软岩巷道控制技术的关键在于支护结构和围岩体强度的耦合作用和控制底鼓.提出了以加强初次支护强度和采用底角锚杆为技术核心的支护方案.现场实践表明,该方案对高应力软岩巷道围岩变形的控制效果较好.     

复杂应力下巷道底鼓控制关键技术研究

针对回坡底煤矿1021软岩巷道底板变形失稳问题,旨在研究其底鼓变形机理,并提出合理的底鼓控制方案。采用了理论分析、现场监测、数值模拟、井下应用等研究手段,详细研究了巷道底板围岩非对称受力分布状态、底鼓非对称变形分布状态及底鼓控制技术。研究结果表明:1021巷道处于上部采空区遗留煤柱底板破坏范围内,距离煤柱远的一侧位移速度更快;底板围岩受力非对称性,导致非对称性变形,巷道底板近煤柱侧水平变形量为近胶带侧1.2倍,近胶带侧底板垂直变形量为近煤柱侧的1.5倍;靠近煤柱侧采用卸压法改善应力环境,近胶带侧采用加固法控制围岩变形,因此提出了卸压孔和加固孔相结合的底鼓控制方案,并确定了相关孔位的具体技术参数。将该方案应用于井下巷道现场,防治段底板变形量与未防治段相比大幅减小,20 d后变形趋于稳定,底鼓控制效果显著。     

孤岛煤柱下沿空掘巷底鼓机理及控制技术

针对孤岛煤柱下沿空掘巷围岩应力大、巷道底鼓严重的问题,分析了巷道围岩性质、工作面动压、沿空掘巷窄煤柱宽度、孤岛煤柱集中应力等对巷道底鼓的影响,通过数值计算得到该类巷道具有围岩塑性区分布大、最大主应力等值线远离底板、底板岩层易挤压流动造成巷道剧烈底鼓等特点。在分析平沟煤矿1603轨道平巷底板浅部围岩位移特点的基础上,提出采用2根底角锚杆、2根底板锚杆的加固法控制巷道底鼓,现场观测表明,该支护方案加固后巷道底鼓量减小65%,取得了良好的控制效果。     

Current situation and future trend of China rare earth luminescent material industry

<正>Rare earth luminescent material is one of the most important application sectors of rare earths.China enjoys the exceptional advantage to develop rare earth luminescent material for its abundant rare earth resources.After several decades'endeavor,China's rare earth luminescent material industry,headed by rare earth phosphor for lamp and LED and high efficient rare earth energy-saving light source,has been gradually developed into a scale industry.China has become a major production base of rare earth phosphor for lamps and rare earth     

China rare earth market review

正June 1~10,2014Rare earth market remained weak.Quoted price of rare earth products was similar to that in May.There was no sign of recovery in downstream market.The market of NdFeB magnetic materials and phosphor was depressed.Catalyst,polishing powder and ceramic industries remained inactive.Demand from downstream industry was soft.Consumers purchased on their needs.Suppliers had strong intention to sell.Prices of rare earth products     

Annual Report analysis of Chinese rare earth-related listed companies in 2013

<正>Chinese rare earth-related listed companies have published their 2013 annual reports.It can be understood from their reports that production and operation activities of Chinese rare earth-related companies were still heavily affected by macro economy and industrial policies.They basically followed the steps of national economy.In 2013,world economy recovered slowly but the economy     

Market opportunities and challenges for rare earth polishing powder

正1.Status of rare earth polishing powder Rare earth polishing powder with high content of cerium oxide began to replace iron oxide for glass polishing and became one of the key materials in glass polishing process since 1940.Compared with traditional iron oxide,rare earth polishing powder has many advantages,such as fast polishing rate,high polishing quality and long service life.It can achieve good surface quality and improve operation conditions.For example,in lens polishing,the polishing work that cerium     

Baotou Research Institute of Rare Earths developed a new RE alloy preparation technology

正Pyrometallurgy Laboratory of Baotou Research Institute of Rare Earths had independently developed a new preparation technology of rare earth alloy for NdFeB.The alloy can remarkably enhance the coercivity of NdFeB magnet but also evidently reduce the production cost of the magnet.The new master alloy was prepared in the kA pilot-scale electrolytic cell by the independent technology.The rare earth master alloy can be used as the raw material for NdFeB.Compared     

Market and recycling of NiMH battery

<正>Market status and future trend of NiMH battery1.Global market of small NiMH battery Global market size of small NiMH batteries declined year on year since 2011.The trend will continue to 2018,at the rate of 5%to 10%annually.Demand for small NiMH batteries will be stable gradually.Many electrical apparatuses are powered by the built-in lithium battery today,which is the main reason for the shrunk market of small NiMH batteries.But,for some products,small NiMH     

China rare earth market review

正September 1-10,2014 Affected by the National Day holiday,rare earth transaction was stagnant and the market showed a weak steady state.As there was no good news for downstream market,some products with flat demand would likely rally slightly for some time to     

2014 second batch of rare earth quota released

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矿用防爆轴流对旋主要通风机叶片ANSYS模态分析及应用

高效节能矿用防爆对旋主要通风机的叶片是主要通风机运行的关键部件,叶片在运行时不断受到气流的作用力,从而使叶片产生振动,当叶片振动的频率与叶片的固有频率接近时,容易产生共振从而导致叶片的断裂。一旦叶片断裂时,对主要通风机的安全运行产生致命的影响,从而导致矿山、化工等企业发生重大事故,将会产生不可估量的损失。基于有限元分析软件ANSYS,对高效节能矿用防爆轴流对旋主要通风机叶片进行模态分析及产生对应的六阶模态频率,对主要通风机叶片的运行频率、固有频率及产生的共振问题进行了原理分析,并且解决了叶片频率共振的问题,从而为主要通风机叶片结构设计提供理论依据,并对主要通风机叶片的安全运行提供保障。     

2013 NdFeB export analysis

<正>China totally exported nearly 24,000 tonsof NdFeB products during 201 3,including 18,825 tons of permanent magnet,valued USD 1.34 billion at an average price of 71.4 USD/kg;3,277 tons of NdFeB magnetic powder,valued USD 1 01 million at an average price of 30.9 USD/kg;1,334 tons of strip casting ribbon,with total export value of USD 74million at an average price of 55.3 USD/kg;and 586