智能控制在超精密定位中的应用研究

针对超精密定位系统对定位精度的要求,研究智能PID控制技术,以提高系统的定位精度.研究对象是采用宏/微双伺服驱动系统中由压电陶瓷器件+柔性铰链构成的两维超精密定位系统.由于压电陶瓷器件+柔性铰链构成的微动系统具有迟滞、蠕变等强非线性,同时受到宏动系统高加速运行的扰动,常规PID控制难以获得良好控制效果.对此,提出神经网络自适应模糊推理PID位置控制系统,并进行了控制系统结构研究,实验结果表明:智能控制能有效改善系统的控制性能,提高了重复定位精度.     

基于激光干涉仪的垂直轴宏微复合平台直线度测量及误差分析

设计了一个垂直轴宏微复合平台,宏动台采用交叉滚柱导轨,直线电机驱动,微动台采用柔性铰链导向机构,压电陶瓷驱动,对微动台固有频率进行了测试,其固有频率为351 Hz,响应速度快。然后基于激光干涉仪搭建了宏微复合平台直线度测量系统,获得了-100 mm~100 mm的直线度误差值,分别用两端点连线法以及最小二乘法分析了实验数据,得到了平台导轨的直线度误差25.32μm。最后测试了微动台的低频动态位移输出,可达56.59μm,能满足宏动台直线度补偿要求,该研究为直线度误差补偿提供了依据。     

超精密机床宏/微双驱动微位移机构的设计与控制

提出了一种宏/微双驱动微进给机构的设计与控制方法。介绍了宏/微双驱动微位移机构的结构设计,将宏动(大行程)和微动(高分辨率)两者串联以获得理想的运动性能。该机构用步进电机作为宏动的驱动装置以获得大行程和高响应速度,用压电陶瓷微位移器作为精密运动以提高运动分辨率和运动精度。设计了该机构的控制系统,用一个基于模型的开关控制器对微位移装置进行控制,并设计专门的运动分配模块对宏/微运动进行协调控制。最后,分别控制宏动和微动装置对该系统进行了实验,并用激光干涉仪检测。检测结果表明,宏动装置的行程为90 mm,运动分辨率为0.3 μm;压电陶瓷微动装置的行程为40 μm,定位精度为0.9 μm。理论分析和实验结果均表明了控制策略的有效性。     

跨尺度二维工作台系统研制

为实现大行程、纳米分辨力的定位目标,研制了跨尺度二维工作台系统。采用大行程宏动台和六自由度微动台组合的方式,搭建了宏/微双驱动高精度二维工作台系统。该系统利用机器视觉技术,采用图像处理方法确定系统中各个零件的位置和方向,宏动台高速移动实现粗定位,通过微动台与宏动台的循环配合工作,最终实现二维工作台系统的纳米级定位精度。实验结果表明,200mm×200mm二维工作台的定位精度在0.6μm左右,该工作台系统具备了大行程、定位时间快、智能化等优点。     

高精度大口径光栅拼接装置的控制算法

采用宏/微结合双驱动的少自由度并联进给结构,给出了一种光栅拼接装置设计算法.宏动部分是5PTS-1PPS型并联机构,采用步进电机驱动滚珠丝杠形式的进给机构;微动部分是5TSP-1PPS型并联机构,采用压电陶瓷驱动柔性铰链形式的进给机构;二者串联构成光栅拼接机构.计算了宏动部分和微动部分的并联机构自由度,利用并联机构运动学的逆解推导出该装置的控制算法,并根据控制算法进行了宏动、微动机构点位控制的运动学仿真.为了提高机构的定位精度,分析了机构的系统误差并提出了误差修正方法.最后,将以上算法应用到光栅拼接装置中.实验结果表明:宏动部分最大移动定位误差为3.6 μm,最大转动定位误差为4.4 μrad;微动部分最大移动定位误差为0.06 μm,最大转动定位误差为1.2 μrad;基本满足光栅拼接系统的精度要求.     

宏/微结合双驱动进给控制系统的建模与仿真研究

采用宏/微结合双驱动进给系统能使系统在大行程范围内具有较高的定位精度。本文设计的宏/微结合双驱动进给系统,由交流伺服电机驱动滚珠丝杠作为宏动机构,压电陶瓷驱动柔性铰链工作台作为微动机构。分别对宏动机构和微动机构进行了数学建模。采用双伺服环控制策略,由宏动机构跟踪输入信号,由精密光栅尺检测宏动机构的实际位移进行反馈构成内伺服环;微动机构将宏动机构的跟踪误差作为输入信号,实时进行补偿,构成外伺服环,实现了宏/微结合双驱动进给系统的连续跟踪控制。最后进行了仿真研究,仿真结果表明跟踪幅值为1mm频率为0.4Hz的正弦曲线,采用宏/微结合双驱动进给系统比只采用宏动机构跟踪误差由±1.6μm减小到了±6nm。     

一种宏微双重驱动精密定位机构的建模与控制

提出一种宏微双重驱动精密定位机构,采用高性能直线电机直接驱动宏动平台,实现系统大行程微米级精度定位;安装在宏动平台上的压电陶瓷驱动微动平台,实现纳米级的分辨率和定位精度,以高频响动态补偿系统的定位误差;采用精密光栅尺反馈微动平台输出端的位置信号,实现定位机构的全闭环反馈控制。在分别建立宏动、微动、宏微机构模型的基础上,提出复合型宏动控制和模糊自校正PID微动控制的宏微控制策略。实验研究表明:系统的动态和稳态性能良好,该定位机构的最大工作行程100 mm,稳定时间小于40 ms,重复定位精度10 nm。     

汽车主模型薄壁件加工防变形夹具设计与研究

针对汽车检测工具主模型薄壁部分切削加工过程中工件容易变形的问题,设计了薄壁件加工防变形夹具,利用浮动的辅助支撑杆对工件进行支撑,可以在磁流变液浮力的作用下与工件表面自适应贴合。设计了真空吸盘和定位装置对工件夹紧与定位,滑动定位装置可实现夹具在空间区域进行定位,采用真空吸盘装置的夹紧方案可以快速更换加工工件,不影响表面加工质量且方便稳定。柔性体现在夹具能够自适应调整以适用于不同类型主模型薄壁件的切削加工,从而节省夹具的制造成本。利用计算机辅助软件算出夹紧点的合理位置,能保证工件在加工中不产生位移和变形;利用磁流变液锁紧装置可快速改变辅助支撑杆的松紧状态;提高了工件的装夹效率,节省工时,实现加工要求。     

宏微双级驱动精密定位平台的建模与控制

为实现定位系统在大行程中高精度定位,设计了一种宏微双级驱动精密定位平台。采用金属波纹管直接驱动宏动平台,实现了系统大行程进给。安装在宏动平台上的音圈电机驱动微动平台,补偿宏动平台产生的误差并实现系统的高精度定位。采用双光栅检测方案,增量式光栅反馈宏动平台的位置信号,绝对式高精度光栅反馈微动平台的位置信号,实现二级精密驱动定位系统的全闭环控制设计。分别对宏动平台和微动平台建立数学模型,提出宏动平台带前馈的PID闭环控制和微动平台的神经网络PID复合控制方案。实验结果表明:该定位系统能满足大行程高精度的定位要求,在50mm的行程中重复定位精度能达到0.6μm。     

微驱动定位进给系统结构优化设计研究

当前宏微双驱动定位进给系统中微驱动平台力学性能差、精度低,且柔性铰链作为微驱动平台关键部分,直接影响着微驱动平台的定位精度等各项性能。为此,采用OptiStruct软件对微驱动定位进给系统的柔性铰链进行结构拓扑优化后,以工程塑料(ABS)为原材料通过3D打印进行加工。利用有限元对整个微动平台系统进行模态分析并通过模态试验进行了验证。最终获得柔性铰链以及整个微动平台的最优结构,在保证结构刚度、精度的同时达到了结构轻量化的目的。     

Minimal Realization of Linear Graph Models for Multi-physics Systems

An engineering system may consist of several different types of components,belonging to such physical"domains"as mechanical,electrical,fluid,and thermal.It is t...     

INTEGRAL EQUATION METHOD＇S APPLICATION IN HOLE-EDGE STRESS OF COMPOSITE MATERIAL PLATE WITH DIFFERENT SHAPED HOLES

The strength of composite plate with different hole-shapes is always one of the most important but complicated issues in the application of the composite material. The holes will lead to mutations and discontinuity to the structure. So the hole-edge stress concentration is always a serious phenomenon. And the phenomenon makes the structure strength decrease very quickly to form dangerous weak points. Most partial damage begins from these weak points. According to the complex variable functions theory, the accurate boundary condition of composite plate with different hole-shapes is founded by conformal mapping method to settle the boundary condition problem of complex hole-shapes. Composite plate with commonly hole-shapes in engineering is studied by several complex variable stress fimction. The boundary integral equations are founded based on exact boundary conditions. Then the exact hole-edge stress analytic solution of composite plate with rectangle holes and wing manholes is resolved. Both of offset axis loadings and its influences on the stress concentration coefficient of the hole-edge are discussed. And comparisons of different loads along various offset axis on the hole-edge stress distribution of orthotropic plate with rectangle hole or wing manhole are made. It can be concluded that hole-edge with continuous variable curvatures might help to decrease the stress concentration coefficient; and smaller angle of outer load and fiber can decrease the stress peak value.     

Non-monotonic material contrast in scanning ion and scanning electron images

30 keV Ga⁺ focused ion beam induced secondary electron (iSE) imaging was used to determine the relative contrast between several materials. The iSE signal compared from C, Si, Al, Ti, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mo, Ag, and W metal layers does not decrease with an increase in target atomic number Z₂, and shows a non-monotonic relationship between contrast and Z₂. The non-monotonic relationship is attributed to periodic fluctuations of the stopping power and sputter yield inherent to the ion–solid interactions. In addition, material contrast from electron-induced secondary electron (eSE) and backscattered electron (BSE) images using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) also shows non-monotonic contrast as a function of Z₂, following the periodic behavior of the stopping power for electron–solid interactions. A comparison of the iSE and eSE results shows similar relative contrast between the metal layers, and not complementary contrast as conventionally understood. These similarities in the contrast behavior can be attributed to similarities in the periodic and non-monotonic function defined by incident particle–solid interaction theory.     

Application of Feature Extraction through Convolution Neural Networks and SVM Classifier for Robust Grading of Apples

This paper proposes a novel grading method of apples,in an automated grading device that uses convolutional neural networks to extract the size,color,texture,an...     

分布动态载荷识别的抗噪处理

针对正交多项式频域法在用多种响应对矩形薄板进行载荷识别中抗噪性较差的问题,综合运用平均法、矩阵预处理和奇异值截断法等方法对之进行改善,并引入空间映射的思想,将该方法的应用范围拓展为复杂的模型.利用仿真算例,证实了该方法具有较好的抗噪性.     

Short-Term Relay Quality Prediction Algorithm Based on Long and Short-Term Memory

The fraction defective of semi-finished products is predicted to optimize the process of relay production lines, by which production quality and productivity ar...     

End-to-End Multiview Gesture Recognition for Autonomous Car Parking System

The use of hand gestures can be the most intuitive human-machine interaction medium.The early approaches for hand gesture recognition used device-based methods....     

基于MELTAC-N平台的核电厂安全级DCS环网研究与测试

针对工程实践中环网通讯相关问题的处理缺乏理论基础及国产化安全级DCS平台的开发缺乏成熟经验借鉴问题,对基于MELTAC-N平台核电厂安全级DCS环网的软硬件实现进行了研究。提出了安全级DCS环网双环网冗余设计、光切换开关设计等硬件设计方法,以及以RPR协议为基础,采用全数据收发策略的软件设计方法。在CPR1000安全级DCS平台上对安全级DCS环网的可靠性及实时性进行了评价,并进行了容错能力、响应时间及响应时间稳定性测试验证实验。结果表明,基于MELTAC-N平台安全级DCS环网软硬件设计具有较好的容错能力及响应时间稳定性。     

The laboratory simulation of abrasive wear

Abrasive wear has long been recognised as one of the most potentially serious tribological problems facing the operators of many types of plant and machinery; several industrial surveys have indicated that wear by abrasion can be responsible for more than 50% of unscheduled machine and plant stoppages. Locating the operating point of a tribological contact in an appropriate operational ‚map’︁ can provide a useful guide to the likely nature and origins of the surface degradation experienced in use, though care must be exercised in choosing the most suitable parameters for the axes of the plot. Laboratory testing of materials and simulations of machine contacts are carried out for a number of purposes; at one level for the very practical aims of ranking candidate materials or surface hardening treatments in order of their wear resistance, or in an attempt to predict wear lives under field conditions. More fundamentally, tests may be aimed at elucidating the essential physical mechanisms of surface damage and loss, with the longer term aim of building an analytical and predictive model of the wear process itself. In many cases, component surface damage is brought about by the ingress of hard, particulate matter into machine bearing or sealing clearances. These may be running dry although, more usually, a lubricant or service fluid is present at the interface. A number of standardised wear test geometries and procedures have been established for both two- and three-body wear situations, and these are briefly described. Although abrasive wear is often modelled as following an ‚Archard’︁ equation (i.e. a linear increase in material loss with both load and time, and an inverse dependence on specimen hardness) both industrial experience and laboratory tests of particularly lubricated contacts show that this is not always the case: increasing the hardness differential in an abrasively contaminated lubricated pair may not always reduce the rate of damage to the harder surface.     

ANGULAR DISTORTION ALLOWABLE VALUE AND ASSESS METHOD OF WELD ON COKE TOWER

A graph as the new engineering method for estimate the safety of bulging deformation of coke tower is proposed. Through stresses analysis of circumferential weld of coke tower and comparing the stresses produced by pressure with heat stress of steady state, residual stress, bending stress produced by both itself weight and wind loads, it showed that the stresses produced by pressure on the angle distortion are the main factor of equivalent stress of the combined stress. After comparing four kinds of stress controlling conditions, the relation to stress with depth of angular distortion, grade of curvature of angular distortion and half of region of angular distortion has been inferred. Graph of deformation allowable value of coke tower for different condition by angular distortion and half of region of angular distortion has been plotted. The five steps for its engineering use have been explained. The lighter the grade of curvature is, the larger of bulge allowance, may be, and the bigger of depth of angular distortion may pose too. For the coke tower with a popular structure of Dg 5 400 mm×28 mm, the result by graph is nearly more than the result of two formulas formed by other research, the error is less than 7.0%. But, the graph can be easily applied to different size of angular distortion.