光纤光栅感温火灾探测系统在石化罐区的应用

介绍化工储罐区的火灾危险性质,光纤光栅感温火灾探测器的特点和工作原理,并给出光纤光栅探测器在化工罐区的工程应用,最后通过与其它线性感温探测系统的比较,总结光纤光栅感温火灾探测器的优点和缺点,使化工储罐的火灾报警设计达到安全、可靠、稳定、高效。     

分布式感温光纤测温原理及其在油罐上的应用

油库罐区储备量越来越大,导致罐区火灾事故频发,基于此提出了分布式感温光纤火灾报警系统在罐区的应用,介绍感温光纤测温原理,以实际工程项目为例,表明分布式感温光纤火灾报警系统在油罐上应用的可行性和有效性。     

光纤光栅感温探测系统在大型储油罐上的应用

通过对大庆地区某油库大型储油罐所安装的光纤光栅感温探测系统的使用及运行管理情况的认真分析,可以深入掌握该系统在大型储油罐上的应用。随着全光通信网络和光纤传感技术的发展及光纤光栅感温探测技术不断升级,从而更能实时、有效地对储油罐高危区域进行温度检测,并且准确反应报警位置,为扑灭油罐初期火灾提供时间保障,确保储油罐安全运行。     

原油化工罐区过程仪表及SCADA系统的设计

介绍了罐区自动控制系统的设计。通过对原油库区现场仪表的设计,概述了雷达液位计、液位开关、阀门、电动执行机构、光纤光栅感温探测报警系统等特点、工作原理及选型原则。重点讨论了罐区生产控制系统和消防控制系统网络机构及系统功能。     

上海互易消防电子设备有限公司

<正>公司简介:上海互易消防电子设备有限公司是专业生产火灾自动报警、消防灭火控制及安防系统的高新技术企业,集设备制造、技术研发和施工安装于一体,从事消防事业已有20多年的历史。公司历年通过公安部消防产品合格评定中心质量体系认证审核,产品经国家消防电子产品质量监督检验中心检测合格,获3C认证标志。公司HY6200型火灾自动报警系统,采用霍尼韦尔旗下盛赛尔(SYSTEM SENSOR BY HONEYWELL)公司的先进技术,集成SYSTEM SENSOR智能型、防爆型、缆式线型等各类探测器及光纤光栅、气体检测、电气火灾探测系统,技术性能达到国际领先水平。     

原油罐区的自动火灾报警及消防系统的设计选型

按照《石油化工企业设计防火规范》,火灾自动报警系统是在浮顶罐大于或等于5万平方米时才采用,或者采用手动或者采用遥控来对泡沫灭火系统进行控制,本文根据某个炼油厂的其中两个5万方的控制原油罐的火灾报警系统以及消防系统来探讨发生火灾时如何采用自动火灾报警发出警报和如何利用自动泡沫消防系统进行消防。为以后的存在原油罐区的自动火灾报警及消防系统的设计选型提供一定的方法。     

上海互易消防电子设备有限公司

<正>公司简介:上海互易消防电子设备有限公司是专业生产火灾自动报警、消防灭火控制及安防系统的高新技术企业,集设备制造、技术研发和施工安装于一体,从事消防事业已有20多年的历史。公司历年通过公安部消防产品合格评定中心质量体系认证审核,产品经国家消防电子产品质量监督检验中心检测合格,获3C认证标志。公司HY6200型火灾自动报警系统,采用霍尼韦尔旗下盛赛尔(SYSTEM SENSOR BY HONEYWELL)公司的先进技术,集成SYSTEM SENSOR智能型、防爆型、缆式线型等各类探测器及光纤光栅、气体检测、     

火灾报警控制系统设计在建筑中的应用

分析了工厂及高层民用建筑中设置火灾报警系统的必要性。总结了各种火灾探测器的原理、功能及应用。阐述火灾报警控制系统设计的基本要求,智能火灾报警系统的组成元素及工作原理,以及设计时的注意事项等。     

化工高大厂房、仓库及罐区火灾探测器的选择及应用

火焰探测器是火灾自动报警系统的组成部分,但在化工高大厂房、仓库及罐区应用存在漏报误报现象。本文简介几种特殊火焰探测器的原理及性能。同时根据工程实例,对火焰探测器在化工高大厂房中的选型、安装进行了简要说明,以供探讨。     

丁基胶塞车间火灾自动报警系统的设计

按规范丁基胶塞车间应设计为火灾自动报警系统二级保护对象。故本系统选择4000系列智能报警系统。具体介绍了探测器的选择、手动火灾报警按钮的选择和设置、火灾报警控制器的设置、消防联动控制、系统供电和布线。本系统运行2年多，工作良好。     

A new test methodology for studying the response of walls to real fire environments

A new test methodology was developed to investigate the response of walls, partitions, and in-wall systems exposed to real fires. The apparatus includes a 3.5 m long, 2.3 m wide, and 2.3 m high fire compartment within a standard sea container. A wall specimen measuring up to 1.8 m wide, 1.8 m tall, and 0.3 m deep is mounted in a steel frame at one end of the fire compartment. Fire exposures to the wall specimen evolve over time depending on the fuel load and ventilation configuration. Gas temperatures and heat flux were characterized for five different fuel and ventilation configurations. Peak exposures ranged from 30 to 75 kW/m² for about 20 minutes. Five additional tests were conducted using a single fuel and ventilation configuration to assess the repeatability of the test methodology. It was found that a 19.3 minute growth period occurred plateauing at a ceiling temperature of 708°C for 8.4 minutes, on average. Compartment gas temperatures were found to be repeatable, having a sample standard deviation less than 32°C for symmetric data. Repeatability improved when account was taken for the rapid fire growth inflection point. The utility of the approach for studying fire performance of building elements was demonstrated.     

超薄膨胀型钢结构防火涂料烃类火试验研究

钢结构建筑属于循环结构形式,由于钢材耐火性能差,温度超过600℃,材料强度和刚度都显著降低,因此必须对钢结构建筑进行防火保护。超薄膨胀型钢结构防火涂料逐渐应用到民用建筑钢结构防火保护中,而且GB14907—2002对其耐火性能评价方法有了具体规定,但是对石化烃类火环境下的耐火性能没有提及。本研究依据GB14907—2002的规定,参照UL1709的实验方法,对烃类火下超薄膨胀型钢结构防火涂料的耐火性能进行了测试。根据试验情况主要考察了涂料的发泡倍数,试验结果表明发泡倍数指标可以作为该类涂料的一个参考指标,并且对烃类火下超薄膨胀型防火涂料的施工养护和粘结强度等提出了建议。     

Evaluating the heat resistance of thermal insulated sandwich composites subjected to a turbulent fire

The fire structural response of sandwich composite laminates incorporating bio‐derived constituents subjected to a turbulent flaming fire was investigated. Fire structural tests were conducted on thermal insulated sandwich composites incorporating a thin surface‐bonded non‐woven glass fibre tissue impregnated with char‐forming fire retardant, ammonium polyphosphate. The sandwich composite laminates were loaded in compression at 10%, 15% or 20% of the ultimate compressive strength while simultaneously subjected to turbulent flames imposing an incident heat flux of 35 kW/m². Generally, the failure time increased with the reduced applied compressive load. The thermal insulated sandwich composite laminates had considerably improved fire resistance in comparison to their unmodified counterparts. The unmodified composites failed 96 s earlier than the thermal insulated specimens when the compression load was 10% of the ultimate compressive strength. The presence of ammonium polyphosphate at the heat‐exposed surface promoted the formation of a consolidated char layer, which slowed down heat conduction into composite laminate substrate. The fire reaction parameters measured via the cone calorimeter provided insights into the thermal response hence fire structural survivability of sandwich composite laminates. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Experimental study of tenability during a full‐scale motorcoach tire fire

Full‐scale fire experiments were conducted at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) to investigate tire fire interactions with the passenger compartment of a motorcoach. A single full‐scale experiment with a partially furnished interior was conducted to investigate tire fire growth within the passenger compartment and the onset of untenable conditions. A tire fire was initiated using a burner designed to imitate the frictional heating of hub and wheel metal caused by failed axle bearings, locked brakes, or dragged blown tires. Measurements of interior and exterior temperatures, interior heat flux, heat release rate, toxic gases, and visibility were performed. Standard and infrared videos and still photographs were also recorded. The results of this single experiment showed that after fire penetration into the passenger compartment, the tenability limits were reached within 8 minutes near the fire and within 11 minutes throughout the passenger compartment.     

Fire effluent component yields from room‐scale fire tests

Estimation of the time available for escape (ASET) in the event of a fire is a principal component in fire hazard or risk assessment. Valid data on the yields of toxic smoke components from bench‐scale apparatus is essential to accurate ASET calculations. This paper presents a methodology for obtaining pre‐flashover and post‐flashover toxicant yields from room‐scale fire tests. The data are to be used for comparison with bench‐scale data for the same combustibles: a sofa, bookcases, and electric power cable. Each was burned in a room with a long adjacent corridor. The yields of CO₂, CO, HCl, HCN, and soot were determined. Other toxicants (NO₂, formaldehyde, and acrolein), whose concentrations were below the detection limits, were of limited importance relative to the detected toxicants. The uncertainty values were comparable to those estimated for calculations used to determine ASET and were sufficiently small to determine whether a bench‐scale apparatus is producing results that are similar to the real‐scale results here. The use of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was useful for obtaining toxicant concentration data; however, its operation and interpretation are not routine. The losses of CO, HCN, and HCl along the corridor were dependent on the combustible. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

浅谈水泥工厂建(构)筑物防火设计

随着我国经济建设快速发展，国家对建筑物的防火要求越来越高。结合建筑设计防火规范和水泥工厂设计规范,针对其中条文相互补充互为关联的部分，结合设计实际，分析讨论水泥厂建（构）筑物生产的防火设计的防火分区、耐火等级及防火间距问题。     

安全轮胎的发展前景

对泄气保用轮胎（包括液体自封式、自修复组件式、胎侧补强型、加支撑物型、内腔填料型）及防滑轮胎进行了说明介绍,井得出安全轮胎将有较大市场的结论。     

Detailed analysis of a smouldering fire scenario at the murder scene experimental and numerical investigations

Based on forensic evidence, a smouldering fire was observed to have occurred at a murder scene. Identification of a reasonable timeline – specifically the fire dynamics of the ignition and fire growth that occurred coincident with the death that took place – became an important focus of the criminal investigation that followed. The fire service was called when a neighbour saw a grey smoke escaping through the ventilation system of the bathrooms on the roof of the house. One flat door with elevated temperatures was found. The fire fighter who entered the flat first reported later that the flat was completely filled with smoke and all windows were closed. When the fire fighter opened the balcony door, he saw flames on the sofa that he extinguished. Then he found a body on the floor. The autopsy showed later that the victim was dead before the fire started. The police suspected that the murderer probably had deliberately set the fire to destroy evidence. One suspect had been witnessed to be in the flat approximately 2 h before the fire was detected by the neighbour. The aim of this project was to investigate how the fire most likely started and developed. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

中外石油工程消防设计的差异

论述了石油工程设计中NFPA、API等常用国际消防标准规范与对应的国内消防设计规范的不同之处,结合消防给水、消防泵、消防系统设置等方面的设计和选型,对中外消防规范进行比较分析,为今后涉外项目的消防设计提供参考。