掺Cr改性MnO2的制备及其电化学性能

采用低温固相氧化还原反应法制备出掺Cr的纳米MnO2.通过X射线衍射仪对其结构进行表征,结果表明:所得样品为α-MnO2和γ-MnO2的混合晶相,以纳米MnO2作为超级电容器的电极材料的单电极活性物质测得其比电容为95 F/g,掺入Cr的电极材料其比电容最大可达到163 F/g.循环伏安和恒流充放电测试结果表明,化学掺杂的配比对MnO2电化学性能的影响较大.当Mn与Cr的摩尔比为100:1时,材料具有较好的放电性能,其放电容量可提高70%.表明化学掺杂Cr有利于提高MnO2电极的电化学性能.     

石墨烯/纳米金刚石复合电极性能研究

为开发具有高能量密度、高功率密度和长寿命的超级电容器复合电极,将纳米金刚石(nano dia-mond,ND)经真空热处理获得石墨化纳米金刚石(graphitized nano diamond,GND),再采用超声法将不同质量比的石墨烯与GND制备成复合电极,进行电化学性能测试并分析其结构.电化学性能测试结果表明:质量...     

用于超级电容器电极材料的MoS2/CoS2二元复合材料

采用"一步水热法"合成了不同原料配比的MoS2/CoS2二元复合材料,并研究了其用作超级电容器电极材料的电化学性能。研究结果显示,当原料中Mo:Co (摩尔比)=2:1时,该复合材料具有最优的循环稳定性能和最高的比电容,在2 mV/s扫描速度下,比电容为549 F/g;或1A/g电流密度下,比电容为434 F/g。微观结构分析表明,该复合材料主要由八面体形状的CoS2和花状的MoS2组成。综合分析可知,优异的电化学性能主要归因于2种组元材料的协同效应、大的比表面积以及可调控的组分含量等因素。     

氮掺杂石墨烯柔性薄膜的制备及其超电容性能

目的改善超级电容器用石墨烯薄膜的超电容性能。方法采用水热和高温热解法制备多孔氮掺杂的石墨烯柔性薄膜,采用SEM形貌、XRD图谱和等温曲线分析其结构,采用三电极体系测试循环伏安曲线和恒流充放电曲线,分析其超电容性能。结果氮掺杂石墨烯柔性薄膜保持了氧化石墨烯的褶皱透明,同时具有网络式的多孔洞结构。氮气吸脱附测试表明,氮掺杂多孔石墨烯的比表面积为280.78m2/g。氮掺杂石墨烯薄膜在1.0 mol/L硫酸钠溶液中,当电流密度为0.1 A/g时,其比容量达到169 F/g。结论氮原子的掺杂以及氮掺杂石墨烯柔性薄膜的多孔结构可以有效提高石墨烯材料的超电容性能。     

电泳沉积耦合电化学还原法制备柔性石墨烯自支撑薄膜电极超级电容器(英文)

通过电泳沉积和电化学还原相耦合的方法制备柔性的石墨烯自支撑薄膜电极。首先,通过电沉积的方法在石墨基底上制备氧化石墨烯薄膜,然后通过对氧化石墨烯薄膜进行电化学还原,得到电容性能优异的石墨烯薄膜电极材料。通过SEM、XRD、FT-IR和电化学测试对石墨烯的表面形貌、结构和电容性能进行表征。结果表明:制备的石墨烯电容性能良好,在1 mol/L的硫酸电解液中,循环伏安扫速为10 mV/s时,比电容为254 F/g;当电流密度为83.3 A/g时,比电容能保持在132 F/g;最大功率密度可达39.1 kW/kg,能量密度为11.8 W·h/kg;充放电循环1000次后,电容能保持97.02%,表明该石墨烯薄膜电极材料具有优异的循环稳定性能。     

氧化钴/镍核壳结构纳米线的合成及其在超级电容器的运用

在本文中,我们通过两步法合成了具有核壳结构的CoO/NiO纳米线。透射电子显微镜的结果显示,CoO纳米线被NiO的纳米片层结构紧密包覆,同时该样品具有独特的多孔结构。由于其特殊结构,该样品用于超级电容器电极材料显示了优异的电容性能（当电流密度为1 A g-1时,其比电容能够达到708 F g-1）,同时该样品显示了良好的倍率特性以及循环稳定性（当循环1000个周期后,其电容保持力为80 %）,其电容性能明显优于单组份样品。这主要是由于CoO纳米线和NiO纳米片相比于单一组分能够为氧化还原反应提供更多的活性位点,这种协同作用有助于提高材料整体的比电容以及电化学稳定性。     

氧化钴/镍核壳结构纳米线的合成及其在超级电容器的应用（英文）

通过两步法合成了具有核壳结构的CoO/NiO纳米线。TEM结果显示,CoO纳米线被NiO纳米片层结构紧密包覆,同时该样品具有独特的多孔结构。由于其特殊结构,该样品用于超级电容器电极材料显示了优异的电容性能(当电流密度为1 A·g~(-1)时,其比容量能够达到708 F·g~(-1)),同时该样品显示了良好的倍率特性以及循环稳定性(当循环1000个周期后,其电容保持率为80%),其电容性能明显优于单组分样品。这主要是由于CoO纳米线和NiO纳米片相比于单一组份能够为氧化还原反应提供更多的活性位点,这种协同作用有助于提高材料整体的比容量以及电化学稳定性。     

Ru-Mn-AC多元复合电极材料的电化学性能

以提高超级电容器电极材料的电化学性能为目的,在活性碳粉末中掺入二氧化钌和二氧化锰,作为电极材料的活性物质,从而制备氧化物/活性炭多元复合电极,组装成超级电容器单元.经循环伏安、恒流充放电和交流阻抗测试的结果表明:在活性碳粉末中掺入20%的二氧化锰时,复合电极的比容量为128 F/g,阻抗为2.62 Ω;在活性碳粉末中掺入二氧化钉和二氧化锰各20%时,多元复合电极的比容量为266 F/g,阻抗为0.86 Ω,经1500次循环充放电后,电容量几乎无衰减,得出由活性炭、二氧化钌和二氧化锰构成的多元复合电极是一种理想的超级电容器电极材料.     

纳米结构氧化锰/碳复合材料的制备及其超级电容器性能研究（英文）

通过水热法在150℃保温6h和9h制备了纳米带状氧化锰与碳复合材料(MnO(OH)/C)。表征和分析结果表明,MnO(OH)为纳米带状结构,直径为4~8nm,长度为几微米,碳为近似球形结构,直径约为50nm。以1.0mol/L的Na_2SO_4溶液为电解液,以所制备的MnO(OH)/C复合材料为工作电极,对其超级电容器循环伏安和恒流充放电性能进行了分析。结果表明,在0.2A/g的电流密度下,电极材料的比电容可达到116.3F/g,当电流密度增加至2.0A/g时,其比电容保持率可达82.6%。     

RuO_2·nH_2O薄膜的制备以及物相演变和伏安特性

以RuCl3·3H2O水溶液为电沉积液,采用直流-示差脉冲组合电沉积技术,通过后续热处理工艺制备超级电容器用钽基RuO2·nH2O薄膜电极材料。用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、红外光谱仪(FTIR)、差热分析仪(DTA)、扫描电镜(SEM)和电化学分析仪,研究前驱体RuCl3·cH2O转化为RuO2·nH2O的物相演变行为以及微观组织形貌和循环伏安性能。结果表明:随着热处理温度升高,前驱体RuCl3·cH2O通过4步反应转变成RuO2·nH2O薄膜;该薄膜经历从无定形向晶体结构的转变。经300℃热处理的RuO2·nH2O薄膜电极材料的单位面积质量为2.5mg/cm2,比电容达到512F/g;当电压扫描速率从5mV/s增加到250mV/s时,其比电容下降34%。     

Flexible free-standing graphene-like film electrode for supercapacitors by electrophoretic deposition and electrochemical reduction

Electrophoretic deposition in conjunction with electrochemical reduction was used to make flexible free-standing graphene-like films. Firstly, graphene oxide (GO) film was deposited on graphite substrate by electrophoretic deposition method, and then reduced by subsequent electrochemical reduction of GO to obtain reduced GO (ERGO) film with high electrochemical performance. The morphology, structure and electrochemical performance of the prepared graphene-like film were confirmed by SEM, XRD and FT-IR. These unique materials were found to provide high specific capacitance and good cycling stability. The high specific capacitance of 254 F/g was obtained from cyclic voltammetry measurement at a scan rate of 10 mV/s. When the current density increased to 83.3 A/g, the specific capacitance values still remained 132 F/g. Meanwhile, the high powder density of 39.1 kW/kg was measured at energy density of 11.8 W·h/kg in 1 mol/L H₂SO₄ solution. Furthermore, at a constant scan rate of 50 mV/s, 97.02% of its capacitance was retained for 1000 cycles. These promising results were attributed to the unique assembly structure of graphene film and low contact resistance, which indicated their potential application to electrochemical capacitors.     

双氧水水热处理泡沫镍制备 Ni(OH) 2 自集流超级电容器电极材料

目的寻找一种简便、价廉、对环境友好的方法制备具有高比容、长寿命的Ni(OH)2自集流超级电容器电极材料。方法采用水热法(15%(质量分数)的H2O2溶液,180℃,24 h)直接在泡沫镍集流体上原位生长Ni(OH)2,并对其形貌、组成以及电化学性能进行研究。结果通过双氧水水热处理,可以在泡沫镍集流体上原位生长出边长400~600nm、厚度约200nm的Ni(OH)2六边形片,此为六方晶的β-Ni(OH)2。该电极材料在2mol/LKOH溶液中的最高比容为2534F/g(扫速1mV/s),且循环1000圈后,比容值仍保持在91%以上(扫速为50mV/s)。结论该制备方法简单价廉,对环境友好,制得的电极材料具有自支撑、自集流的特点,且具有优异的电化学性能和良好的循环稳定性。     

Preparation and electrochemical performances of graphite oxide/polypyrrole composites

Graphite oxide/polypyrrole composites (GPys) were prepared by in situ polymerization and reduced by NaBH₄ to prepare reduced graphite oxide/polypyrrole composites (R-GPys). On the basis of the morphological and structural characterization of the composites by Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) tests, the electrochemical performances of the composites were investigated by cyclic voltammetry, galvanostatic charge–discharge and electrochemical impedance techniques. The experimental results showed that the specific capacitances of the composites before and after reduction (197 and 180 F/g) were highly improved compared with that of pristine graphite oxide (11 F/g) and polypyrrole (112 F/g), respectively. The capacitance retention of about 73% for R-GPys compared with 12% for PPy and 47% for GPys after 1200 cycles indicated the high cycle stability of the R-GPys and its potential as an electrode material for supercapacitor applications.     

Synthesis of Flexible Graphene/Polymer Composites for Supercapacitor Applications

In this paper, the graphene was synthesized using biocompatible cellulosic component from onions. Onion epidermal cells were chosen as raw material. During heating at high temperature, the bonding among atoms in material was rearranged and forms two-dimensional hexagonal carbon layer (graphene). The characterization of synthesized graphene was done by x-ray diffractometer, Raman spectrometer and field emission scanning electron microscopy, respectively. An attempt has been taken to form the capacitors with two different current collector electrodes, anticipating the performance of the supercapacitors. The observed capacitance values as-obtained for Al and Au current collector were 1.3 μF and 6.08 μF, respectively. However, when thermally exfoliated graphene was used as an electrode on Al and Au current collector, the capacitance value was drastically increased and found to be 1.6 and 41.25 μF, respectively.     

Design of best performing hexagonal shaped Ag@CoS/rGO nanocomposite electrode material for electrochemical supercapacitor application

The mixed metal/metal sulphide (Ag@CoS) with reduced graphene oxide (rGO) nanocomposite (Ag@CoS/rGO) was synthesized for the possible electrode in supercapacitors. Ag@CoS was successfully deposited on the rGO nanosheets by hydrothermal method, implying the growth of 2D Ag and CoS-based hexagonal-like structure on the rGO framework. The synthesized nanocomposite was subjected to structural, morphological and electrochemical studies. The XRD results show that the prepared nanocomposite material exhibits a combination of hexagonal and cubic phase due to the presence of CoS and Ag phases together. The band appearing at nearly 470.33 cm⁻¹ in FTIR spectra can be ascribed to the absorption of S–S bond in the Ag@CoS/rGO nanocomposite. The clear hexagonal structure was analysed by SEM and TEM with the grain sizes ranging from nanometer to micrometer. The electrode material exhibits excellent cyclic stability with a specific capacitance of 1580 F/g at a current density of 0.5 A/g without any loss of capacitive retention even after 1000 cycles. Based on the electrochemical performance, it can be inferred that the prepared novel nanocomposite material is very suitable for using as an electrode for electrochemical supercapacitor applications.     

In situ two-step electrochemical preparation of fluoride-free nickel-based compound film on nickel plate for supercapacitors

A nickel-based compound layer was prepared on a nickel plate by anodization in a 75 wt% H_3PO_4 solution containing NH_4F. This layer was then treated by galvanostatic charge/discharge(GCD) until a black outer layer was detached, leaving behind a film on the nickel plate as a binder-free electrode material for supercapacitors. The microstructural characterization shows that the film consists of Ni(OH)_2and NiO, and no fluoride is found in the as-obtained film. Electrochemical tests demonstrate that this fluoride-free film electrode exhibits a high capacitance of 954 F g~(-1)at 7.5 Ag~(-1), excellent rate capability(a 19.5 % capacitance reduction with the current density increasing to 120 Ag~(-1)) and cycling stability.Within 3500 cycles, the specific capacitance does not decrease, but rather increases from 840 Fg~(-1)to approximately 1092 Fg~(-1)in the first 100 cycles at 60 Ag~(-1), and remains stable until the aforementioned layer is detached.     

Microwave-assisted synthesis of graphene-ZnO nanocomposite for electrochemical supercapacitors

Graphene-ZnO nanocomposite was successfully synthesized via microwave-assisted reduction of zinc ions in aqueous solution with graphite oxide dispersion using a microwave synthesis system. The electrochemical performance of the nanocomposite was analyzed through cyclic voltammetry and chronopotentiometry tests. The results showed that as compared with pure graphene, graphene-ZnO composite exhibited an improved electrochemical capacitance of 146 F/g with good reversible charge/discharge behavior.