掺杂和修饰的石墨烯对半胱氨酸吸附性能的密度泛函理论研究

使用密度泛函理论计算了掺杂或修饰Al或Mn原子的石墨烯对半胱氨酸的吸附性能。计算结果表明,掺杂或修饰Al或Mn原子后,Graphene与半胱氨酸之间结合稳定,具有较大的结合能。其中掺杂或修饰Mn原子的体系的吸附能整体高于掺杂或修饰Al原子的体系。石墨烯上修饰或掺杂Al或Mn原子,增加了石墨烯基底与半胱氨酸之间的电荷转移,特别是修饰方式显著改变了费米能级附近的性质,同时改变了Graphene的电导性质。Al或Mn原子修饰或者掺杂的Graphene除了增加对半胱氨酸吸附能力外,也是一种潜在的检测半胱氨酸的传感器材料,进而在生物领域得到更广泛的应用,比如用来检测富含半胱氨酸的金属硫蛋白。     

4d过渡金属掺杂石墨烯对HCN吸附行为的第一性原理研究

采用第一性原理的密度泛函理论方法研究了掺杂Y、Zr、Nb、Mo、Tc和Ru的石墨烯体系对氰化氢(HCN)的吸附作用。首先考察了HCN分子中H、C或N原子分别靠近吸附点的三种吸附构型。然后比较了吸附HCN前后掺杂石墨烯的能带变化。研究结果表明,掺杂Mo和Ru的石墨烯吸附HCN后的带隙大小变化大于20%,并表现为半导体行为,说明吸附后掺杂石墨烯的电导性能受影响较大。此外,进一步研究了掺杂Mo和Ru的石墨烯吸附HCN的过程,讨论了吸附能、带隙、晶格常数、HCN电荷和键长的变化,并分析了掺杂Mo和Ru的石墨烯的振动特性。研究表明,掺杂Mo和Ru的石墨烯对HCN的吸附非常敏感,这可能是开发HCN传感器的有用材料。     

SW缺陷石墨烯铝原子吸附能的第一性原理研究

基于密度泛函理论（DFT）和广义梯度近似（GGA）,对SW（Stone--Wales）陷石墨烯的结构和吸附能进行了研究,计算了石墨烯吸附Al原子前后的能带结构,态密度和吸附能,计算结果表明,掺杂SW缺陷有利于石墨烯和具有自由电子的金属原子的吸附结合,与未掺杂时对比,掺杂SW缺陷可显著提高石墨烯片的吸附能。     

空位和Si掺杂对In在石墨烯上吸附的影响

利用第一性原理方法计算了空位和Si(硅)替位掺杂对In(钢)原子在石墨烯上吸附的影响.结果表明:在低覆盖度下,空位比Si替位掺杂更能增强In在石墨烯上的吸附,主要原因在于空位引入更多的悬挂键,加强了In和石墨烯之间相互作用.而对于较高覆盖度,Si替位掺杂却比空位对In吸附在石墨烯上的影响更强.无论是较高覆盖度还是低覆盖度,空位和Si替位掺杂均增强了In在石墨烯上的吸附.     

过渡金属掺杂金红石相TiO2能带结构的第一性原理计算

本文采用第一性原理能带计算方法和超晶胞模型计算金红石相TiO2掺杂过渡金属元素的电子结构.计算结果表明,Zn掺杂对TiO2的带隙宽度影响不明显,V、Cr、Mn、Fe、Co、Ni、Cu的掺杂都有可能使TiO2吸收带出现红移现象或产生在可见光区的吸收,其中杂质原子的t2g态起了重要作用.     

石墨烯吸附甲醛的第一性原理研究

采用第一性原理研究了甲醛分子吸附于本征石墨烯、缺陷石墨烯和掺杂石墨烯的体系.通过计算石墨烯掺杂前后对甲醛气体的吸附能、电荷转移及能带和态密度,发现掺杂Pt后甲醛分子吸附能和电荷转移显著增大,这是由于Pt的掺杂在本征石墨烯能带中引入了杂质能级,增强了石墨烯和甲醛分子间的相互作用,可以提高石墨烯对甲醛气体的气敏响应速度和吸附能力.     

硫化镉/石墨烯复合光催化剂的微波水热合成及DFT研究

采用微波水热法制备了CdS/rGO纳米复合光催化剂,通过XRD、FTIR、XPS、SEM、TEM对其结构和形貌进行了表征,结合UV-Vis和密度泛函(DFT)计算对异质界面的电荷转移机制进行了研究。结果表明所得复合材料中CdS分散性好、显示出较高的可见光催化活性和光稳定性。当rGO含量为0.5 mg/mL时复合材料的光催化性能最佳,可见光照射120 min后亚甲基蓝(MB)的光降解率达到94.40%,且五次循环实验光催化效果接近。界面相互作用、差分电荷密度、平均静电势等计算结果表明CdS与rGO通过范德华弱相互作用形成稳定异质界面,电荷由CdS向rGO转移,电子和空穴在两相界面实现了有效分离,因而材料的光催化性能得到增强。     

Na在XC3(X=B,N,P)掺杂石墨烯表面吸附与扩散行为的第一性原理研究

采用基于密度泛函理论(DFT)的第一性原理方法,对Na在本征石墨烯(PG)和掺杂单层石墨烯(BC_3、NC_3、PC_3)表面的吸附结构、电子性质和扩散行为进行了详细的理论计算。结果表明,由于磷掺杂体系(PC_3)P-C键剧烈变化,PG中原有的平面结构消失;而硼、氮掺杂(BC_3和NC_3)对PG结构的影响很小,B-C键和N-C键变化不显著,BC_3和NC_3仍然能维持PG的平面结构,并且没有正反面之分。电子结构计算表明,PG、BC_3和NC_3体系分别呈现半金属、p型掺杂和n型掺杂特征,而PC_3表现出金属性;然而,在Na吸附后所有的材料都表现出金属性。进一步的吸附能计算发现磷、硼掺杂(PC_3和BC_3)能够有效改善石墨烯的储Na容量,从扩散机制的研究发现,Na在PC_3掺杂体系表面的扩散能垒较小,仅为0.081 5 eV,有利于Na在PC_3掺杂石墨烯表面的传输和扩散,是一种潜在的钠离子电池负极材料。     

Impact of Interfacial Electron Transfer on Electrochemical CO2 Reduction on Graphitic Carbon Nitride/Doped Graphene

Effective electrocatalysts are required for the CO₂ reduction reaction (CRR), while the factors that can impact their catalytic activity are yet to be discovered. In this article, graphitic carbon nitride (g‐C₃N₄) is used to investigate the feasibility of regulating its CRR catalytic performance by interfacial electron transfer. A series of g‐C₃N₄/graphene with and without heteroatom doping (C₃N₄/XG, XG = BG, NG, OG, PG, G) is comprehensively evaluated for CRR through computational methods. Variable adsorption energetics and electronic structures are observed among different doping cases, demonstrating that a higher catalytic activity originates from more interfacial electron transfer. An activity trend is obtained to show the best catalytic performance of CRR to methane on C₃N₄/XG with an overpotential of 0.45 V (i.e., ?0.28 V vs reverse hydrogen electrode [RHE]). Such a low overpotential has never been achieved on any previously reported metallic CRR electrocatalysts, therefore indicating the availability of C₃N₄/XG for CO₂ reduction and the applicability of electron transfer modulation to improve CRR catalytic performance.     

Sulfur and Nitrogen Co‐Doped Graphene for Metal‐Free Catalytic Oxidation Reactions

Sulfur and nitrogen co‐doped reduced graphene oxide (rGO) is synthesized by a facile method and demonstrated remarkably enhanced activities in metal‐free activation of peroxymonosulfate (PMS) for catalytic oxidation of phenol. Based on first‐order kinetic model, S–N co‐doped rGO (SNG) presents an apparent reaction rate constant of 0.043 ± 0.002 min^?1, which is 86.6, 22.8, 19.7, and 4.5‐fold as high as that over graphene oxide (GO), rGO, S‐doped rGO (S‐rGO), and N‐doped rGO (N‐rGO), respectively. A variety of characterization techniques and density functional theory calculations are employed to investigate the synergistic effect of sulfur and nitrogen co‐doping. Co‐doping of rGO at an optimal sulfur loading can effectively break the inertness of carbon systems, activate the sp²‐hybridized carbon lattice and facilitate the electron transfer from covalent graphene sheets for PMS activation. Moreover, both electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy and classical quenching tests are employed to investigate the generation and evolution of reactive radicals on the SNG sample for phenol catalytic oxidation. This study presents a novel metal‐free catalyst for green remediation of organic pollutants in water.     

Graphene: A Reusable Substrate for Unprecedented Adsorption of Pesticides

Unprecedented adsorption of chlorpyrifos (CP), endosulfan (ES), and malathion (ML) onto graphene oxide (GO) and reduced graphene oxide (RGO) from water is reported. The observed adsorption capacities of CP, ES, and ML are as high as ～1200, 1100, and 800 mg g^?1, respectively. Adsorption is found to be insensitive to pH or background ions. The adsorbent is reusable and can be applied in the field with suitable modifications. A first‐principles pseudopotential‐based density functional analysis of graphene–water–pesticide interactions showed that the adsorption is mediated through water, while direct interactions between graphene and the pesticides is rather weak or unlikely.     

Controllable Synthesis of Doped Graphene and Its Applications

Graphene is a wonder material with the ultimate smallest thickness that is readily accessible to various approaches for engineering its excellent properties. Graphene doping is an efficient way to tailor its electric properties and expand its applications. This topic covers wide research fields and has been developing rapidly. This article presents a broad and comprehensive overview of the developments in the preparation and applications of doped graphene including doping methods, doping levels, doping effect and types of heteroatoms. Very recent advances are also presented. In addition, existing problems in terms of achieving greater control over and further developments of doped graphene are also discussed.     

NiN4/Cr修饰的石墨烯电化学固氮电极

工业上应用哈伯工艺法合成氨过程要求严苛, 需要消耗大量能源且二氧化碳排放量大。因此, 开发在常规环境条件下通过电催化氮还原反应的清洁技术, 对未来可持续的能源转化进程具有重要意义。本研究采用密度泛函理论计算方法, 对TM₁N₄/TM₂嵌入石墨烯的氮还原反应进行了全面研究。在充分考虑活性和稳定性的情况下, 研究结果表明, NiN₄/Cr锚定石墨烯通过酶促反应途径表现出最佳的催化活性, 其中第一次加氢为电位决定步骤, 起始电位为0.57 V, 优于商业Ru基材料。此外, 与单一的Cr原子修饰的石墨烯相比, 引入NiN₄官能团降低了ΔG_max并提高了电催化性能。根据Mulliken电荷分析, 催化剂的催化活性主要来源于载体和反应中间体之间的电子转移。上述结果为高效合成氨提供了电极候选材料, 进一步深化了相应的电催化机理。     

电场作用下扶手椅型石墨烯纳米带的第一原理计算

本文采用密度泛函理论,研究了边缘氧化扶手椅型石墨烯纳米带(AGNRs)的电子结构和相对稳定性.结果表明,边缘氧化的AGNRs要比边缘氢化的纳米带稳定.由于氧原子比碳原子具有较大的电负性,边缘氧化AG-NRs表现出金属性能带结构.此外,氧饱和AGNRs比氢饱和AGNRs对电场作用更为敏感,这将有助于在带隙工程中实现其电子结构剪裁.     

石墨烯及复合材料的吸附作用与研究进展

目的概述几种石墨烯及其衍生物吸附材料的研究现状,旨在为石墨烯应用方面提供一定的研究思路。方法通过对近年来国内外相关文献的分析和总结,介绍石墨烯基材料在吸附方面的研究进展,讨论其吸附机理和影响因素。结论由于石墨烯基复合材料的比表面积较大,因此具有良好的吸附性能,可用于污水处理。同时,在包装运输过程如液体产品的外包装发生损坏时,石墨烯基吸附材料可吸附残液,防止污染到其它内装物。