汽车用2024铝合金阳极氧化膜性能的研究

对汽车用2024铝合金板材进行酒石酸阳极氧化处理,并研究了阳极氧化对铝合金的成分、结构、表面形貌及耐蚀性的影响。研究发现,铝合金阳极氧化膜是由表面多孔层和内部无孔层构成的。铝合金阳极氧化过程是一个氧化铝生成和溶解的动态过程。阳极氧化膜由刚玉结构的α-Al_2O_3和八面结构的γ-Al_2O_3构成,α相和γ相大大提高了阳极氧化膜的硬度和耐蚀性。阳极氧化膜为典型的多孔结构,孔洞分布均匀,孔径为50nm左右。     

汽车用6061铝合金柠檬酸阳极氧化工艺的研究

对汽车用6061铝合金进行柠檬酸阳极氧化处理。研究发现:铝合金的阳极氧化过程伴随氧化膜的生成和溶解。适当升高氧化温度,有利于增加氧化膜的厚度和硬度。但氧化温度过高,会使得氧化膜的溶解速率加快。铝合金阳极氧化膜呈现典型的多孔结构。40℃下制备的氧化膜表面平整,具有优良的耐蚀性。当氧化温度高于40℃时,氧化膜表面的孔径增大,表面疏松,耐蚀性下降。     

高度有序多孔阳极氧化铝制备工艺的研究

影响多孔阳极氧化铝(porous anodica lumina,PAA)形貌及结构等的因素有很多,如抛光铝片的表面粗糙度、电解液温度、氧化电压、氧化时间、搅拌速率等。本文采用二次阳极氧化法,以草酸为电解液,研究了高度有序AAO模板制备过程的主要工艺条件,并采用扫描电子显微镜对模板的形貌进行表征。结果表明,在电解液温度为12℃,氧化电压为40V能够得到高度有序的、孔径为80nm左右的多孔阳极氧化铝膜。     

Strengthened porous alumina membrane tube prepared by means of internal anodic oxidation

A method for preparing an anodic aluminum oxide tube with a much higher mechanical strength than before was developed, where anodic oxidation was carried out from the inside of an aluminum tube (internal anodizing method). It was considered that the internal stress remaining in the alumina layer, which was formed in the course of the internal anodizing, resulted in a considerable improvement of compressive strength against external pressure. As a matter of fact, the tube could withstand at least up to 0.98 MPa of transmembrane pressure, which corresponded to 32.6 MPa in terms of breaking pressure. The tubular alumina membrane obtained had straight mesopores of 20–25 nm in diameter and, therefore, showed the Knudsen permselectivity for inorganic gases. Such a strengthened alumina tube is expected to be used as a porous membrane or as a support for composite membranes.     

Characteristics of gas permeation using two-layered alumina membrane prepared by anodic oxidation

The microporous alumina membrane with asymmetrical structure, having upper layer with pore diameter of 10 nm under and lower layer with pore diameter of 36 nm, was prepared by anodic oxidation using DC power supply of constant current mode in an aqueous H₂SO₄ solution as a electrolyte. The aluminum plate was pretreated with thermal oxidation, chemical polishing and electrochemical polishing before anodic oxidation. The membranes were prepared by controlling the current density such as a very low current density for upper layer and a high current density for lower layer of membrane. By controlling the cumulative charge density, the thickness of upper layer of membranes was about 6 Μm and the total thickness of membranes was about 80–90 Μm. We found from gas permeation experiments with the membranes prepared by above method that the mechanism of gas permeation of the all membranes prepared under each condition complied with model of the Knudsen diffusion.     

Porous anodic alumina formed by anodization of aluminum alloy (AA1050) and high purity aluminum

A two-step anodization process performed at 0 °C was used to prepare highly ordered porous anodic alumina on the AA1050 alloy and high purity aluminum foil. The anodizing of both substrates was carried out in 0.3 M sulfuric acid and 0.3 M oxalic acid baths at 25 V and 40 V, respectively. The effect of the extended duration of the second anodizing step on pore order degree and structural features of AAO membranes was studied. The presence of alloying elements affects not only the rate of oxide growth but also the microstructure of the anodic film. It was found that pore circularity and regularity of pore arrangement in AAO membranes formed on the AA1050 alloy were always worse than those observed on the pure Al substrate. The structural features, such as pore diameter, interpore distance, wall thickness, barrier layer thickness, porosity and pore density of porous anodic alumina formed on AA1050 are a little different from those obtained for high purity Al. The extended time of the second anodizing step, up to 16 h does not affect significantly the regularity of pore order and all structural features of AAO membranes, independently of the anodizing electrolyte.     

Preparation of anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) nano-template on silicon and its application to one-dimensional copper nano-pillar array formation

Anodized aluminum oxide (AAO) nanotemplates were prepared using the Al/Si substrates with an aluminum layer thickness of about 300 nm. A two-step anodization process was used to prepare an ordered porous alumina nanotemplate, and the pores of various sizes and depths were constructed electrochemically through anodic oxidation. The optimum morphological structure for large area application was constructed by adjusting the applied potential, temperature, time, and electrolyte concentration. SEM investigations showed that hexagonal-close-packed alumina nano-pore arrays were nicely constructed on Si substrate, having smooth wall morphologies and well-defined diameters. It is also reported that one dimensional copper nanopillars can be fabricated using the tunable nanopore sized AAO/Si template, by controlling the copper deposition process.     

高度有序多孔阳极氧化铝模板制备工艺研究

在酸性电解液中,用二次阳极氧化法制备得到了高度有序的多孔阳极氧化铝(PAA)模板。采用金相显微镜观察了铝箔退火前后的表面形貌,并结合扫描电镜对多孔氧化铝薄膜的结构进行了表征。研究表明,高度有序多孔阳极氧化铝膜的制备依赖于铝箔是否经过预处理、氧化电压的大小、温度的稳定性和电解液的选择等。     

In situ spectroscopic ellipsometric study of porous alumina film dissolution

Porous alumina films have been synthesised by anodisation of high purity aluminium in 0.4 M phosphoric acid at constant current density. The dissolution process of those coatings in 2 M phosphoric acid has been investigated by in situ spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE) combined with electrochemical measurements. A sharp drop of the open current potential is observed due to film removal. The dissolution time depends on total barrier layer thickness. Those results are confirmed by SE measurements. A three layer optical model has been used to interpret SE spectra. During the dissolution process, the porous top layer has a quasi-constant thickness, whereas porosity increases significantly. The dissolution proceeds within the pores. Only the thickness of pure alumina barrier layer (upper part) decreases during the dissolution process whereas the interface barrier layer (lower part) does not change.     

Al2O3纳米线薄膜的制备及其生成机理研究

研究了一种简单新颖的制备Al2O3纳米线薄膜的电化学方法。以阳极氧化法在高纯铝片表面制备多孔阳极氧化铝的工艺为基础,在草酸电解液中通过一次阳极氧化过程,将阳极氧化铝孔壁溶解形成Al2O3纳米线,均匀覆盖在阳极氧化铝有序孔道的上方,得到一种特殊结构的纳米线薄膜。使用扫描电镜、高分辨透射电镜和X-射线能谱仪对纳米线的形貌、结构及成分进行了表征分析。并结合扫描电镜对不同反应时间长度的产物形貌来观察纳米线的生成过程。探讨了Al2O3纳米线薄膜的生成机理。     

汽车用5052铝-镁合金阳极氧化及封闭工艺的研究

使用草酸阳极氧化技术对汽车用5052铝-镁合金进行阳极氧化处理,并研究了阳极氧化对铝-镁合金耐蚀性的影响。铝-镁合金的阳极氧化属于氧化膜的生成和溶解的动态过程。氧化膜主要由多孔层和阻挡层构成,厚度约为8μm。经过阳极氧化处理后,铝-镁合金的耐蚀性显著提高。重铬酸钾封闭后,腐蚀电流密度下降为原来的10%,膜电阻显著增大,进一步提高了铝-镁合金的耐蚀性。     

阳极氧化法制备大面积双面多孔氧化铝膜及其应用

室温下,以纯铝箔为基材,采用二步阳极氧化法,在0.3 mol/L草酸溶液中制备了大面积的双面氧化铝膜.在氧化过程中,电流呈现降低、升高、平稳、再降低的变化,最后接近于零.X射线衍射结果显示,双面氧化铝膜为无定型结构.扫描电镜结果显示:每面氧化铝膜的总厚度约为50 μm,孔径分布为50～100 nm.利用制得的双面氧化铝...     

规整填料型加氢脱硫催化剂的制备及性能评价

用电化学方法制备多孔氧化铝膜,并负载Mo-Co活性组分制得了金属支撑-多孔层规整填料型加氢催化剂。采用BET和SEM技术表征了多孔性氧化铝膜的物理结构,并考察了电解及后处理条件的影响。结果表明,电解液浓度、氧化时间、水封时间、水封温度等对多孔氧化铝膜的比表面积影响显著。采用二次氧化的方法,在质量分数为4%的草酸电解液、氧化时间1 h、80℃水封3 h条件下,所制备的多孔氧化铝膜具有相对较大的比表面积。汽油重馏分加氢反应结果表明该类催化剂具有较高的催化活性和选择性。     

A study of the adhesion of polyethylene to porous alumina films using the scanning electron microscope

An adhesive bond was formed by sintering low-density polyethylene onto aluminum with a porous anodic film. The topography of the polymer surface in contact with the anodized aluminum was studied in a scanning electron microscope, having removed the aluminum and alumina by dissolution in aqueous sodium hydroxide. The surface of the polymer appeared very rough with large projections of various forms, all of which were many times larger than the pores revealed in the anodic films by transmission electron microscopy. These projections are shown to consist, most probably, of “stacks” or “tufts” of much smaller polyethylene fibers, each of which had entered a pore in the anodic film. Thus, the scanning electron-microscopic investigation confirms the keying mechanism for the adhesionof polyethylene to porous anodic films on aluminum proposed in an earlier paper.     

Kinetics of the electrolytic coloring process on anodized aluminum

The kinetics of tin electrodeposition during the electrolytic coloring of porous anodic oxide films on aluminum is studied as a function of the oxide properties, e.g., the thickness of the porous oxide layer, and the surface resistance offered by the barrier oxide layer. While the thickness of the porous oxide layer is controlled by the anodization time, the surface resistance is controlled by the anodization voltage, and the anodization bath temperature. Steady-state polarization measurements are employed to characterize the dependence of the coloring kinetics on the oxide properties. Measurements indicate that the kinetics of the electrolytic coloring process can be accelerated by: (i) reducing the surface resistance of the oxide film (primarily offered by the barrier oxide layer) by growing the oxide at a lower anodization voltage, and/or a higher bath temperature, or (ii) growing a thinner porous oxide layer by decreasing the anodization time. The electrochemical measurements are supported by gravimetric analysis of electrolytically colored alumina samples (using calibrated wavelength-dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy), and by optical spectrophotometry.     

汽车用铝合金阳极氧化及钵转化膜封闭技术

采用阳极氧化和钵转化膜封闭技术提高汽车用2036铝合金的耐蚀性。研究发现:铝合金阳极氧化膜由外部的多孔层和内部的阻挡层构成,多孔层孔径均匀,约为30 nm0经过阳极氧化处理后,铝合金的自腐蚀电位正移,自腐蚀电流密度下降,耐蚀性提高。经过钵转化膜封闭处理后,大量钵的氢氧化物覆盖阳极氧化膜表面,进一步提高了铝合金的耐蚀性。     

Electrochemical formation of AlN in molten LiCl-KCl-Li3N systems

Electrochemical formation of aluminum nitride was investigated in molten LiCl-KCl-Li₃N systems at 723 K. When Al was anodically polarized at 1.0 V (versus Li⁺/Li), oxidation of nitride ions proceeded to form adsorbed nitrogen atoms, which reacted with the surface to form AlN film. The obtained nitrided film had a thickness of sub-micron order. The obtained nitrided layer consisted of two regions; the outer layer involving AlN and aluminum oxynitride and the inner layer involving metallic Al and AlN. When Al electrode was anodically polarized at 2.0 V, anodic dissolution of Al electrode occurred to give aluminum ions, which reacted with nitride ions in the melt to produce AlN particles (1-5 μm of diameter) of wurtzite structure.     

汽车用6063铝合金硬质阳极氧化工艺的研究

使用硬质阳极氧化工艺对汽车用6063铝合金进行阳极氧化处理。通过实验发现,电流密度影响氧化膜多孔层的形成过程。氧化初期,提高电流密度有利于促进成膜过程,获得性能较好的氧化膜。当电流密度大于2.0A/dm2时,氧化膜的溶解速率加快,表面孔径增大,使得氧化膜的硬度和耐蚀性有所下降。     

Mechanical factors in the adhesion of polyethylene to aluminium

The adhesion of low-density polyethylene to porous anodic films on aluminum was studied using the 180° peel test. Relative values of bond strengths, obtained by using polymer with and without antioxidant and by forming the bond in air or in vacuo, indicated that good adhesion could be obtained, despite previous evidence to the contrary, in conditions where oxidation of the polyethylene was suppressed. The relation between peel strength and anodic film thickness and film-forming voltage implied that the polyethylene entered pores in the film during bond formation. This was supported by the change of the category of the adhesion to one dependent upon polymer oxidation when the pores in the anodic film were sealed prior to bond formation. It is suggested that the mechanism of adhesion to porous anodic films on aluminum involves keying of the polymer into the pores in the film.