共查询到18条相似文献,搜索用时 38 毫秒
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在大型氚设施中空气除氚系统必不可少,通过气-水转换除去气态氚是目前应用最广泛也是最有效的工艺,过程中氧化催化剂至关重要。总结了气态氚的催化氧化研究进展、催化剂的催化性能及影响催化性能的主要因素。贵金属Pt和Pd在室温下对氚的转化效率接近100%,因而被广泛用于氚的催化氧化。通过负载分散载体、添加催化助剂、使用规整结构催化剂、设计新型的催化反应器能够进一步提高催化剂性能。以蜂窝状催化剂为研究热点的规整结构催化剂以其高比表面积和低压力降而显示出良好的催化性能,将它用于氚的催化氧化,是该领域的一个研究方向。氢、氘、氚在氧化过程中的同位素效应会影响除氚效率,需进行深入研究。 相似文献
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本文在研究、确定除氚工艺参数的基础上,研制成强流中子发生器除氚净化装置。该装置采用两级串接方式,在200℃温度下净化因子不低于10~4。 相似文献
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本文简要介绍采用自制的几种疏水催化剂进行的室温H-T同位素交换实验,初步考察了氢气流速对催化活性的影响。实验表明,催化剂的催化活性较高,能够用于室温下从氚水中回收氚。 相似文献
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汽相催化交换(VPCE)是水除氚的重要手段之一,本研究采用金属Ni替代常用的贵金属Pt作为逆流型VPCE工艺的催化剂,研究了其在多种实验条件下HDO-H2反应体系中的静态及动态催化交换性能。实验结果表明:静态实验时,催化剂在温度大于200℃、压力和反应物浓度的摩尔比值(HDO∶H2)越大的条件下,催化交换反应向正方向移动,催化性能更好;在Ni高负载率的情况下,其催化性能优于Pt基催化剂。动态实验时,产物平衡氘浓度与静态实验一致,H2中氘摩尔浓度均为1%左右;且进料比例对结果的影响规律与静态实验一致,反应物HDO越多,产物氘浓度越大。本研究表明了纯Ni催化剂在HDO-H2催化交换反应体系中有着较为明显的催化作用,可以替代传统贵金属Pt作为逆流型VPCE工艺的催化剂。 相似文献
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《Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology》2013,50(8):874-883
The styrene divinylbenzene copolymer (SDBC) supported platinum catalyst and the liquid phase catalytic exchange (LPCE) column have been developed to be applicable to the Wolsong tritium removal facility (WTRF) in Korea. The catalyst deactivation subject to both reversible uniform poisoning and permanent loss by impurity poisoning was investigated using a time-on-stream theory and a simplified shell progressive poisoning scenario in special case of higher internal diffusion resistance. Experimental data from fixed bed reactors with the Pt/SDBC catalysts have been used to establish the deactivation model and to estimate key parameters to be used in the WTRF LPCE column design. It was found that an impurity control in the streams would be critical to the WTRF LPCE column operation since the impurity poisoning played a very important role in the overall catalytic exchange reaction. Except for the case of the severe impurity poisoning of the whole catalysts, the LPCE column can be in operation over 10 years without any regeneration of the catalysts. 相似文献
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《Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology》2013,50(12):981-992
Two types of water detritiation systems have been designed for fusion reactors of ITER scale. One of the systems is a combination of WD (Water Distillation) and VPCE(vapor phase catalytic exchange) columns. The other is a combination of a WD column and a CECE(combined electrolysis catalytic exchange) column. Three water distillation columns are needed for the former system. The total height of the three columns is 106 m. The height of the water distillation and CECE columns for the latter system are 20 and 24m, respectively. These large water distillation columns result in the larger tritium inventory of the former system than for the latter system. However, there have been the results for the operation of the actual scale of the water distillation and VPCE columns. No demonstration test has been carried out for the CECE column. From these reasons, the WD+VPCE system should be the first candidate for the fusion reactor. The WD+CECE system is superior to the WD+VPCE system for the flexibility in design as well as the tritium inventory. It is desired to demonstrate the CECE column to develop the water detritiation system best suited to the fusion reactors. 相似文献
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《Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology》2013,50(11):922-933
Use of precious metal catalyst is recommended in the tritium recovery system because it can oxidize tritium at ambient temperature. The ability to operate at the ambient temperature without preheating and past cooling is a large advantage in the ease of system operation. It is observed in this study, however, that the catalytic oxidation characteristics of the precious metal catalysts are largely affected by the water vapor to such extent that almost no oxidation rate of tritium is expected in the wet gas. Effect of the water vapor on the oxidation rate is quantitatively discussed based on data obtained in this study and an emergency cleanup system from the room air with pre-adsorption bed is proposed. 相似文献
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《Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology》2013,50(11):948-952
A compact tritium removal equipment (TRE), assembled in a console with casters, has been developed for detritiation of air in a glovebox used for handling of several curies of tritium. The TRE was designed to remove gaseous tritium in the form of T2, HT and CH3T through oxidation with precious metal/alumina catalysts followed by adsorption on zeolite pellets. From the detritiation experiments with hydrogen tritide (HT, 2–20 mCi), the TRE was confirmed to have sufficient performance for the practical use. The tritium concentration in the test gas (total volume –32l; 1%H2, 5%O2, 94%N2) decreased from 0.64 to 6.4 ×10-7 Ci.m3 within 155 min when the TRE was operated under the recirculation mode with the flow rate of 200 l-h1 at the catalyst temperature of 200°C. In addition, the HT-to-HTO fractional conversion was determined at various catalyst temperatures (25–200°C) and flow rates (100–360 lh-1). 相似文献
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在研制粒径为6mm的多孔PTFE疏水担体基础上,采用浸渍法研制了可在工程上应用的Pt PTFE疏水催化剂。室温下,在并流催化床上考察了该疏水催化剂的催化活性、疏水性能和催化剂上活性粒子的稳定性。结果表明:当氚浓度为153Bq/mL,氢气线速度为5.31cm/s和15.93cm/s时,水中氚的催化转化率分别为73.7%和69.6%。在用普通水浸泡并淋洗145d后,该疏水催化剂的催化活性和活性粒子(Pt)的含量无明显变化。 相似文献
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采用气-液逆流方式研究了Pt/C/PTFE有序床疏水催化剂对H_2(g)/HDO(l)体系中同位素交换的催化性能。结果表明:Pt/C/PTFE有序床催化剂不仅具有较高的催化活性和良好的疏水性,而且能够达到很高的气体流速;实验所用的两种Pt/C/PTFE的体积传质系数(K_(ya))均达1.12m~3(STP)/(s·m~3)(50mol/(m~3·s))以上,且用水浸泡35d后其催化活性无明显变化;在气液摩尔比为1∶1的条件下,气体空塔线速率达到1.0m/s时,两种填装的有序床Pt/C/PTFE均未发生液泛。 相似文献
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《Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology》2013,50(4):383-394
The catalytic oxidation and adsorption method is considered to be a potential and reliable measure to recover tritium released into room air in fusion power plants. The activity of precious metal catalysts that are expected to be useful in recovery of tritium released into the room air is affected by moisture in the air, and tritium in the gas phase can be captured into the catalyst substrate not only through adsorption but also through isotopic exchange reaction. The simulation study on tritium behavior in the catalyst bed was carried out quantitatively on the basis of experimental results. It is confirmed by the simulation study that the installation of the preadsorption bed decreases water vapor before the gas is passed through the precious metal catalyst bed; this is an effective countermeasure against the deterioration of the catalytic oxidizing performance caused by moisture. It is also shown that large amounts of tritium can be captured by the catalyst itself when the preadsorption bed is introduced. 相似文献