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1.
氧化硼对铁磷酸盐玻璃陶瓷固化体的影响   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
研究了不同B2O3掺量对铁磷酸盐玻璃陶瓷高放废物固化体结构和性能的影响。应用溶出速率法(DR)对固化体进行了化学稳定性测试,使用傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)和X射线衍射(XRD)方法研究了样品的结构。研究结果表明:玻璃陶瓷固化体的主晶相为独居石;B2O3的引入对玻璃陶瓷固化体的化学稳定性影响较大,以10%(摩尔分数)的B2O3代替Fe2O3制得的固化体化学稳定性最佳,其28d的质量浸出率约为7.81×10-9g•cm-2•min-1;试样中存在大量正磷酸基团[PO43-和少量焦磷酸基团[P2O74-,无偏磷酸基团[PO3-存在,固化体中的B主要以[BO4]四面体基团形式存在。  相似文献   

2.
含Pu废物的玻璃和玻璃陶瓷固化基材研究进展   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0  
对于239Pu含量较高且很难回收利用的含Pu废物,在安全处置前须进行妥善的固化处理。玻璃和玻璃陶瓷因在制备方面具有较陶瓷简单的工艺、低廉的成本和高效的产出被认为是目前处理含Pu废物综合优势明显的固化基材,因而得到了广泛和深入的研究。本文对碱硼硅酸盐玻璃、镧硼硅酸盐玻璃、铁磷酸盐玻璃以及含钙钛锆石、烧绿石或独居石结晶相的玻璃陶瓷等在含Pu废物固化方面的研究进展进行了综述,包括其组分、Pu包容量和化学稳定性,并进行了对比分析,认为在对玻璃固化基材继续研究与应用的基础上,玻璃陶瓷有望成为固化绝大多数含Pu废物的较佳选择。  相似文献   

3.
模拟含锶废物铁磷酸盐玻璃固化体的化学稳定性   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
针对我国高放废液全分离流程中产出的锶废物组成特点,设计了用铁磷酸盐玻璃固化锶废物的配方。用红外光谱(IR)研究了玻璃固化体的结构,用Product Consistency Test(PCT)试验方法研究了玻璃固化体的化学稳定性。研究表明,在所选的配方组成范围内,所熔制的玻璃固化体均有较好的化学稳定性。当配料中模拟含锶废物的含量为24~28%(wt)、FeO3的含量大于24%(wt)、O/P(氧磷摩尔比)为3.5~3.6时,玻璃固化体的化学稳定性最好。  相似文献   

4.
高放废液玻璃固化贵金属沉积研究进展   总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0  
动力堆乏燃料后处理产生的高放废液因富含贵金属,在玻璃固化时可能发生贵金属沉积,从而造成出料口堵塞并导致熔炉底部电极的损坏。本文广泛调研了国内外高放废液玻璃固化中贵金属的沉积问题,对相关解决方案进行了总结,主要包括熔炉结构的改进与贵金属分离回收。高燃耗的乏燃料贵金属含量高,须在研究贵金属沉积行为的基础上,综合考虑以上两种解决方案。相关结果可为国内高放废液玻璃固化的运行提供一定的参考。  相似文献   

5.
本文研究了Al2O3掺量对独居石玻璃陶瓷固化体结构和化学稳定性的影响。用傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)和X射线衍射(XRD)方法表征样品结构,用溶解速率法和全谱直读等离子体发射光谱(ICP-OES)分别测定样品在浸出液中浸泡后的失重速率及各元素的浸出浓度,以研究固化体的化学稳定性。研究结果表明:当Al2O3掺量为4%(摩尔分数)时,在980 ℃下保温3 h得到的独居石玻璃陶瓷固化体具有较高的化学稳定性,浸泡14 d时其质量浸出率最低,约为8.1 ng/(cm2•min),其中Ce、La元素在浸出液中均未检出;固化体的主晶相为独居石,结构中含有大量稳定的正磷酸基团[PO43-和少量的焦磷酸基团[P2O74-,不存在偏磷酸基团[PO3-。  相似文献   

6.
高放废物的处理和处置是世界各核能国家面临的重大挑战。高放废物处理和处置的技术路线是先将其固化,再将其深埋。高放废物的固化有玻璃固化及人造岩石固化两种。玻璃固化已发展成一项成熟的技术,人造岩石固化尚在研发中。由于人造岩石固化工艺更简单,固化体抗浸出性能更优,稳定性更好,已引起世界各核能国家的关注,有可能取代玻璃固化而成为新一代固化技术。本文对玻璃固化和人造岩石固化的类型、机理和优缺点进行了系统的分析,对人造岩石固化的发展方向提出了建议。  相似文献   

7.
高放废液在20世纪50年代出现后,人们首先想到的是将核素固定在晶体内。美国的阿贡实验室将高放废液用流化床煅烧成粉末,英国将放射性的铯交换到黏土上,加拿大则是将高放废物在1350℃熔融,制成霞石,法国则是在1300℃下制备云母,目的是将铯、锶固定在云母的晶体内,  相似文献   

8.
本文介绍了日本东海后处理厂和六所村后处理厂的玻璃固化设施和运行情况,以及针对当前玻璃固化中出现的熔炉底部出料口堵塞、乏燃料储存池泄露等问题,日本在固化设施、运行方式、原料组分等方面采取的措施。在未来的研究计划中,日本将侧重于低放废物玻璃固化研究的标准制定,冷坩埚以及等离子体固化等先进技术的研发,同时加强配方研究及先进工艺流程的开发,从而实现玻璃固化的减容性和经济性,其经验和教训对我国玻璃固化的发展有重要的借鉴意义。  相似文献   

9.
从美国高放废液的储量及特点、设施运行经验及教训等方面进行阐述,并从中得到启示,为我国高放废液玻璃固化的发展提供建议。  相似文献   

10.
随着核能的发展,乏燃料日益增多;核燃料燃耗逐渐增加,锕系核素的量会逐渐增大。锕系核素在玻璃中的溶解度很低,将锕系核素从高放废液中分离出来再进行人造岩石固化技术难度大,有必要开发高放废液和长寿命核素的处理新技术。本研究的目的是利用玻璃固化工艺制备玻璃一陶瓷,用结晶相固定锕系核素,玻璃相固定裂片核素。当高温玻璃熔融体被浇注到玻璃产品罐时,由于玻璃量大,降温速度很慢,这为晶核的形成、晶胞的生长提供了条件。  相似文献   

11.
    
The uranium catalyst had been used in several industrial fields. The spent uranium catalyst became problematic radioactive waste awaiting a management strategy for the final disposal. This work studies a process to greatly reduce the volume of a spent uranium catalyst waste and the generation of a suitable waste form for final disposal. The process consists of several steps such as selective dissolution of the SiO2 catalyst support, precipitation of dissolved silicon followed by its purification for release, treatment of uranium-laden wastewater generated during the process, and immobilization of the final uranium-bearing astes for disposal. Based on bench scale-level experiments, the process was confirmed to be effective to reduce the volume of the uranium catalyst waste. The final volume reduction yield obtained in this work was over 80% from the volume of the initial uranium catalyst waste. The radioactivity of the secondary wastes, namely, the recovered silica and effluent generated from the process, was confirmed to be sufficiently managed for clearance with meeting the discharge criteria in Korea. The process could achieve the maximum volume reduction of the uranium catalyst waste to be transferred to a disposal site, with the by-products from the process being released, meeting discharge criteria in view of both nuclear and non-nuclear environmental regulations.  相似文献   

12.
Minerals of the spinel group, ideally AB2O4 oxides of diverse chemistry, are widespread in nature and occur in a number of geological environments including igneous intrusive and volcanic rock suites, regional and contact metamorphic rocks, various sedimentary environments, lunar rocks, and meteorites. In the structure of normal spinel, the A-site is tetrahedrally coordinated and generally occupied by divalent cations (e.g. Mg, Mn, Fe, Ni, Zn). The B-site is octahedrally coordinated and occupied by trivalent cations (e.g. Al, Cr, Fe) or in part by tetravalent Ti. Inverse spinel is characterized by the occupation of one of the B-sites by the divalent cation with one trivalent cation taking its place on the A-site. Vacancies are also possible in the structure, as shown by solid solution from AB2O4 toward A(B1.670.33)O4 stoichiometry in certain compositions. Spinels having compositions close to the ideal end-member spinel, MgAl2O4, have proven to be highly durable in natural systems and often occur in placer deposits following the breakdown of the host rock by weathering. At higher temperatures, spinel may be replaced by hoegbomite, an OH-bearing mineral of similar composition, A2-2x-0.5yTixB4O8-y(OH)y, where A and B are cations derived from the replaced spinel. The durability in natural systems is corroborated by laboratory studies demonstrating that spinel is highly resistant to dissolution in acidic fluids.  相似文献   

13.
针对锕系元素在玻璃陶瓷固化体中易残留于玻璃基体的不足,在传统的熔融 热处理玻璃陶瓷制备工艺基础上对工艺适当改进,研究工艺差异对玻璃陶瓷固化体物相结构的影响,并利用XRD、FT-IR、SEM-EDS、ICP-MS等分析手段对各种固化体的结构性能进行表征。实验结果表明:采用传统方法(工艺A)获得的GC1样品主要以钙长石(CaAl2Si2O8)和钙铀氧化物(CaUO4)为主相;当增加预烧结(工艺B)或球磨(工艺C)处理后,样品中CaUO4相的生长得到一定抑制,铀烧绿石的析出量小幅增长;当预烧结和球磨技术联用(工艺D)时,获得的样品GC4中CaAl2Si2O8和CaUO4两相同时得到抑制,并析出大量的四方铀烧绿石相,且该相与最初设计的析出相组分基本吻合,U在烧绿石晶体结构中A位上的占比高达近0.75。去离子水中浸出14 d后,玻璃基体表面有微弱溶解,陶瓷相在浸出期间没有明显变化。  相似文献   

14.
Lead-iron phosphate (LIP) glasses loaded with a simulated high-level nuclear waste were studied on their leach rates and thermal properties.

The obtained results showed that the phosphate glass matrix consisting of lead monoxide, phosphorus pentoxide and ferric oxide of 56:35:9w/0 is able to vitrify the waste, pretreated with formic acid to remove Zr, to about 15 w/0 at 950°C. The leach rate of the vitrified waste glass was in the order of 10?7 g/cm2.d at 110°C, which is low compared with that of the borosilicate glass waste form. Increasing the phosphorus pentoxide content of the matrix to higher than 35% enabled it to produce the glass form with the waste near 20 w/0 at 950°C, but this increase rendered the glass waste form more soluble than the former. Thermal properties such as thermal expansion coefficient, critical cooling rate for vitrification and temperatures of glass transition, softening and maximum rate of crystallization were measured and discussed.

Removing Na ions from wastes improves considerably both the leach rate and the thermal stability of the LIP glass waste form.  相似文献   

15.
Lead-iron phosphate glasses loaded with simulated high-level nuclear wastes at temperatures between 900 and 1,100°C were studied on their soaking behavior in distilled water by means of leachate solution analysis.

The obtained results showed that the leach rates of the glass waste forms were at least 10 to 100 times lower than that of the currently investigated borosilicate glass, even though the selective release of Na ion from the forms was observed. Zirconium of the waste led the glass to partial crystallization at 900°C, but was able to be incorporated in the glass at near 1,100°C.

The liquid chromatographic analysis of poly-phosphate ions in the leachate solution revealed that the low leachability of the glass forms was brought about by a certain degree of depoly-merization of long poly-phosphate chains of lead metaphosphate caused by the addition of ferric oxide.  相似文献   

16.
针对墨西哥放射性废物的管理现状,本文从墨西哥放射性废物的主要来源、放射性废物的分类以及放射性废物处理等方面进行了简单综述。随着核能与核技术在墨西哥的不断发展应用,将会有大量含有放射性核素的废物产生,一旦这些放射性废物流入生态系统,将给人类及环境带来无法估量的长期伤害。为了更加安全有效地对放射性废物进行处理,墨西哥有关部门针对各类放射性废物进行了细致的划分,并制定了相关法律法规。  相似文献   

17.
就先进核能系统的安全性作些讨论,并与常规临界裂变堆作了比较。  相似文献   

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