Inter-resonance soliton generation and trapping

We show a new type of actively mode-locked fiber laser that, despite the 2.5-km-long cavity and the average group-velocity dispersion of -20 ps²/km, generates solitons with duration of 2÷4 ps, 1-GHz repetition rate and timing jitter of 0.7 ps. Such short solitons are generated in an inter-resonance condition that favors a highly stable propagation regime. Soliton duration and timing jitter are both controlled by the self-frequency-modulation due to the background radiation emitted by the solitons themselves     

激光大气传输的直接观测

直接观测了湍流对激光束大气传输的影响;拍摄了Airy斑的连续暗环、断裂暗环和破碎暗环的彩色照片,并分析了它们的成因.最后讨论了生动形象的描述湍流的可能性.     

相干泵浦微腔光孤子基础与双光梳应用（特邀）

光学孤子是指一种通过非线性折射率势阱维持脉冲形状不变的光波,它广泛存在于光纤、飞秒激光器、参量振荡器等系统中。近年来,人们在相干泵浦下的高Q值微腔中也观测到了光孤子,这为研究光孤子性质提供了新的实验平台。又因为微腔光孤子在频域上对应高重频的光学频率梳,微腔光孤子的诞生也极大地推动了小型化光学频率梳的发展。微腔光孤子频率梳已经可以实现自参考锁定;这使得片上集成的光频合成器、光原子钟、波分复用光源、微腔光谱仪、微腔激光雷达等众多应用成为了可能。文中介绍了微腔光孤子的产生基础,特别是光孤子相互作用相关的研究,还讨论了基于微腔的双光梳测量在高速成像与中红外气体光谱分析上的应用。     

Quadratic cavity solitons-the up-conversion case

We derive mean-field equations for intra-cavity second-harmonic generation. Based on this model, we show that a variety of quadratic cavity solitons can exist. Highly symmetric and resting cavity solitons originate from primary bifurcations of the underlying stationary plane wave solutions. For certain control parameters, these solutions may undergo a secondary bifurcation leading to symmetry-reduced and/or moving/breathing quadratic cavity solitons. In particular, we predict for the first time the existence of triangular cavity solitons and derive a criterion for an nonequilibrium Ising-Bloch transition.     

Solitons-permanent waves [optical communications]

Communications engineers are learning to create an electromagnet wave at will, to transmit information. This wave, the optical soliton, is the subject of astounding recent developments in nonlinear optics and lasers. The author describes the principles behind the use of solitons in optical communications and shows that in the context of such communications the most important property of solitons is that they are extremely stable. Not only do they not disperse, but an encounter with a perturbation (e.g. a joint in optical fibre) will usually leave the soliton unaltered     

Spatial solitons in optical cavities

We discuss the existence and the stability properties of spatial solitons, which are excited in externally driven nonlinear resonators. First, we give a short derivation of the basic equations we use to describe the field dynamics in a Fabry-Perot cavity. Then we show how the range of existence of cavity solitons is related to the stability properties of respective continuous wave solutions. Theoretical predictions are illustrated by numerical results and experimental findings.     

横向非周期性调制Kerr介质中的空间光孤子

数值方法研究了横向非周期调制Kerr介质中所支持的空间光孤子。数值模拟结果显示研究模型存在三种类型空间光孤子：低功率下的双峰孤子、高功率下的基本孤子和稳定传输的双极孤子。应用线性稳定性分析方法研究了三种类型空间光孤子的稳定传输的稳定谱,总结出三种类型光孤子稳定传输的条件。     

有偏压光伏光折变晶体中明暗矢量孤子的演化

提出了有偏压光伏光折变晶体中存在着明暗矢量孤子,它起源于对外电场的非均匀空间屏蔽和光伏效应.当光伏效应为零时,这些明暗矢量孤子就转化为明暗矢量屏蔽孤子,其物理系统就转化为明暗矢量屏蔽孤子的物理系统;当外电场为零时,这些明暗矢量孤子预言了明暗矢量光伏孤子,其物理系统预言了明暗矢量光伏孤子的物理系统.应用光束传播的方法讨论了这些明暗矢量孤子的稳定性.结果表明,当σ> 0 和(β+α-δ) > 0 时,在(β+α-δ)小于某一值的区域内,这些明暗矢量孤子是稳定的;其中σ为控制两光束强度的参数,β为与外偏压有关的参数,α和β为与晶体的光伏系数有关的参数;当σ<0和(β+α-δ) <0时,在(β+α-δ)大于某一值的区域内,这些明暗矢量孤子也是稳定的.     

Stability and compression of pulses in the soliton laser

We present a theory of the soliton laser which examines how an external optical fiber enables a laser to produce shorter pulses than it could produce alone. We begin by discussing a phenomenological laser model which shows how the lower limit to the mode-locked pulse width can arise. This model is coupled to an external optical fiber cavity, into which a part of the output beam is launched. The returning pulse from the fiber cavity is then mixed with a circulating pulse in the laser at the output mirror. We have found stable solutions which are nearly periodic in the external cavity. We also find more than one solution for a given set of model parameters, depending on the initial conditions. The radiation (non-soliton) part of the propagation in the optical fiber cannot be ignored. It acts as a buffer between the tendency of the fiber to produce solitons, and the fact that a pure soliton is not an exact fixed point of the laser model.     

光折变屏蔽光伏亮孤子相互作用研究

为了得到两个或多个光折变屏蔽光伏亮孤子之间相互作用结果,采用数值方法分析了两个或多个屏蔽光伏亮孤子之间的相互作用。两同相孤子作用时表现为相互吸引,并伴有融合现象,且孤子融合发生时的作用距离随着孤子初始间距的增大而增大;两反向孤子相互排斥,且排斥作用随孤子初始间距的减小而增强;当两孤子的相位差位于区间(0,π)和(-π,0)中时,其相互作用过程中伴有能量的转移,两区间中能量转移方向相反。多个同向孤子相互作用时,不同于两个孤子周期的融合和分开,而是在整体吸引过程中发生孤子的逐步融合作用。当中间孤子与两边孤子的相位差是π/2时,多个孤子之间存在能量转换。而邻近相互反相的多个孤子相互作用时,能保持很好的稳定性传播。结果表明,这种相对相位控制下的两孤子问相互作用的变化有望用于光开关器件。多个孤子作用结果对形成孤子阵列及阵列波导具有指导意义。     

局域单PT对称势中基态孤子的传输特性研究

具有Parity-Time (PT)对称性的光学系统是近年提出的一种新型光学结构,在光开关、光子信息处理器件等方面具有潜在的应用.文章数值研究了局域单PT对称光学系统中基态孤子的存在范围与稳定特性.研究结果表明:基态孤子存在一临界传播常数,该传播常数对应线性模下的本征值.孤子的能量随着传播常数的增加而增加,但随着PT对称势的调制深度的增加而减少.基态孤子在较深和较浅的PT对称势中都能稳定地传输.     

亮孤子在升余弦变迹光纤布拉格光栅中传输特性的数值分析

在耦合模理论的基础上,运用有限差分法数值模拟了布拉格孤子在升余弦变迹光纤光栅中的传输以及孤子之间的相互作用.模拟结果表明,合适选择输入功率和初始脉宽等初始条件,可以实现升余弦变迹光纤光栅中孤子的稳定传输.输入两个孤子时,发现两个孤子之间的相互作用对它们的相对相位和相对振幅参数敏感.初始间隔较近的孤子对,随着它们之间的相对相位差和相对振幅参数的不同而发生相互吸引、相互排斥、交换能量等现象.     

The modulational instability laser. I. Experiment

Detailed characteristics of the modulational instability (MI) oscillation in a single-mode optical fiber ring cavity are described. There is a clear threshold pump power for the oscillation, and stable oscillation can be achieved with proper synchronization. It is shown that phase coherence among pump, Stokes, and anti-Stokes consistent with the propagation of higher-order solitons plays an important role in the generation of MI gain. A noninstantaneous response of the nonlinear index (self-induced Raman gain) competes with the MI gain and produces an asymmetry in the spectrum of the Stokes and the anti-Stokes pulses. When a strong pump depletion occurs, the MI cannot be achieved, and the Stokes pulse forms unaided into a single soliton     

Soliton transmission using periodic dispersion compensation

We examine the behavior of solitons in optical fibers where the dispersion is alternated between the normal and anomalous regimes. The periodic nature of the system strongly modifies the shape of the stable soliton (solitary wave) pulses, and increases their energy when compared with solitons in equivalent uniform fibers. Power enhancement factors of up to 70 are numerically observed. This leads to both an increased signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) at the receiver and reduced Gordon-Haus timing jitter. The interaction between pairs of isolated pulses is examined. We also examine implementations including periodic amplification, and show that the energy scalings introduced by the amplification and the dispersion management are independent provided that the periods of the two processes are dissimilar. We show that there is an optimum dispersion compensation ratio which minimizes the received Gordon-Haus jitter. A diagrammatic technique is presented for estimating the performance of dispersion compensated soliton transmission systems     

Light that acts like `natural bits' [solitons]

Solitons, ultrastable light pulses that could revolutionize long-haul, fiber-optic communications and perhaps even optical switching, are discussed. Two classes of solitons are described. Temporal solitons, pulses of light that resist a medium's chromatic dispersion, or tendency to broaden them in time, have been known for a while. They offer the possibility of all-optical communication systems transmitting signals thousands of kilometers. Erbium-doped fiber amplifiers provide an all-optical form of soliton amplification that brings such lightwave systems closer to reality. Spatial solitons, which are actually light beams that travel through a planar waveguide without self-focusing or spreading, were observed for the first time last year and might eventually prove useful for optical switching     

克尔双周期PT对称光晶格中的空间光孤子

数值研究了克尔双周期Parity-time对称光晶格中能存在的空间光孤子。通过平面波展开法详细研究了此光晶格的带隙结构并获得其相变点。数值研究了此光晶格中能存在的空间光孤子及其传播稳定性。数值结果显示位于不同周期波导上的空间光孤子其稳定性区间不同。     

Picosecond photonics

The basic principles of new ultrafast all-optical processing devices are experimentally demonstrated. One type of device relies on the interaction between an input signal and two colliding spatial solitons of a different wavelength in a planar waveguide with third order nonlinearity. The devices which belong to the second type are based on second order nonlinear interactions (degenerate difference frequency mixing) and operate as ultrafast sampling gate or as deflector or as phase conjugator. We report in a second part the design and performances of a laser that could be used to trigger the above mentionned systems. The laser cavity has two arms and two separate diode-pumped laser crystals (Nd/YAG). The two laser beams are coherently recombined inside the resonator into a single Gaussian beam. Picosecond pulses emission is ensured by passive mode-locking thanks to a nonlinear mirror set-up.     

PT对称光晶格中的缺陷暗孤子

数值研究了实部具有缺陷的parity-time对称光晶格中的缺陷暗孤子。当衍射与自散焦非线性效应平衡时,暗孤子能够被获得;当自散焦介质中的parity-time对称光晶格实部被附加一个缺陷后,缺陷暗孤子也能够被获得。数值结果显示：缺陷暗孤子可以在很大参数范围内存在并且能稳定传播;parity-time对称光晶格实部附加的缺陷强度有一最大值,超过此值缺陷暗孤子不存在;parity-time对称光晶格的虚部振幅对缺陷暗孤子的稳定性有影响。     

基于双光子光折变效应的Manakov光伏孤子温度特性

基于具有双光子光伏光折变效应的介质,数值研究了双光子Manakov光伏孤子的温度特性。结果表明：在室温范围内,亮-亮、暗-暗和亮-暗Manakov光伏孤子对成分的峰值光强和半峰全宽均受温度影响。亮-亮Manakov光伏孤子对的强度包络随着晶体温度的升高,其两孤子成分的峰值光强都逐渐减小,而其半峰全宽逐渐增加。暗-暗和亮-暗Manakov光伏孤子对具有类似的温度特性。在一定的温度范围内,两孤子成分可以克服温度扰动而演化为稳定孤波。     

Detection and estimation of multiplexed soliton signals

Solitons are eigenfunction solutions to certain nonlinear wave equations that arise in a variety of natural and man-made systems. Their rich properties and tractability make them an intriguing component of such systems, often describing the large-scale or long-term behavior of natural systems, or the information content in certain communication or signal processing systems. However, it is often difficult to detect or estimate the parameters of solitons in such systems due to the presence of strong nonsoliton components or the nonlinear interaction of multiple solitons. The objective of this paper is to develop and investigate the detection and estimation of soliton signals. As a framework for this study, we consider using these nonlinear systems as both signal generators and signal processors in a form of multiplexed soliton communication. In contrast to more conventional uses of solitons in a communications context, our communication system uses soliton systems for signal generation and multiplexing for transmission over traditional linear channels. In addition to their mathematical tractability and the simplicity of the analog circuits used to generate and process them, we show that the soliton signal dynamics may also provide a mechanism for decreasing transmitted signal energy while enhancing signal detection and parameter estimation performance