Interface chemical states of NiO/NiFe films and their effects on magnetic properties

Ta/NiOx/Ni81Fe19/Ta multilayers were prepared by rf reactive and dc magnetron sputtering. The exchange coupling field ( Hex) and the coercivity ( Hc) of NiOx/Ni81Fe19 as a function of the ratio of Ar to O2 during the deposition process were studied. The composition and chemical states at the interface region of NiOx/NiFe were also investigated using the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and peak decomposition technique. The results show that the ratio of Ar to O2 has great effect on the nickel chemical states in NiOx film. When the ratio of Ar to O2 is equal to 7 and the argon sputtering pressure is 0.57 Pa, the x value is approximately 1 and the valence of nickel is + 2. At this point, NiOx is antiferromagnetic NiO and the corresponding Hex is the largest. As the ratio of Ar/O2 deviates from 7, the exchange coupling field ( Hex) will decrease due to the presence of magnetic impurities such as Ni +3 or metallic Ni at the interface region of NiOx/NiFe, while the coercivity ( Hc) will increase due to     

Tantalum oxide barrier in magnetic tunnel junctions

Tantalum as an insulating barrier can take the place of A1 in magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs). Ta barriers in MTJs were fabricated by natural oxidation. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was used to characterize the oxidation states of Ta barrier.The experimental results show that the chemical state of tantalum is pure Ta5~ and the thickness of the oxide is 1.3 nm. The unoxidized Ta in the barrier may chemically reacted with NiFe layer which is usually used in MTJs to form an intermetallic compound,NiTa2- A magnetic “dead layer“ could be produced in the NiFe/Ta interface. The “dead layer“ is likely to influence the spinning electron transport and the magnetoresistance effect.     

Magnetic properties and structure of very thin permalloy films

In order to study the magnetic properties and structure of very thin permalloy films, Ni81Fe19 films of 12 nm in thickness were prepared by different instruments at an ultrahigh base vacuum and a lower base vacuum. The anisotropic magnetoresistance coefficients (△R/R) of Ni81Fe19 (12 nm) films reached 1.6 % and 0.6 %, and the coercivities were 127 and 334 A/m, respectively. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were used to study the structure and surface chemical state. The experimental results show that the films prepared at the ultrahigh base vacuum have a smoother surface, a bigger grain size and a denser structure with fewer defects than those prepared at the lower base vacuum.     

Al-Al2O3-铁磁金属隧道结界面的表征

用梯形势垒模型计算偏置Al Al2 O3 铁磁金属 (Fe ,Co ,Ni和Ni80 Fe2 0 )隧道结的I V曲线 ,通过与结在 77K温度下的实验I V曲线拟合决定了结的势垒参数 .拟合结果表明 ,对于上电极为不同铁磁金属的 4种结 ,Al Al2 O3 界面处的势垒高度差别很小 ,而Al2 O3 Fe ( Co , Ni, Ni80 Fe2 0 )界面处的势垒高度以及势垒宽度则分别为 1 72eV ,1 76eV ,1 86eV ,1 6 9eV以及 1 7 6 0 ,1 1 2 2 ,1 2 2 8 ,1 3 4 0 .势垒高度和宽度因铁磁金属上电极不同而改变的现象可归因为铁磁金属原子向Al2 O3 势垒层渗透 ,以及在界面区域铁磁金属原子与Al2 O3 的氧化反应导致附加氧化势垒层的形成 .     

Perpendicular exchange bias of (Pt/Co)_n/FeMn multilayers

(Pt/Co)n/FeMn multilayers with perpendicular anisotropy (PA) were prepared by magnetron sputtering with Pt as the buffer layer and the capping layer. The dependence of perpendicular exchange bias (PEB), Hex, on the thickness of the FeMn antiferromagnet (AFM) layer is similar to that of in-plane exchange bias. The value of Hex for the (Pt/Co)3/FeMn multilayer reaches 22.3 kA/m. A thin Pt spacer was inserted between the Co/FeMn interface to enhance PEB. The PEB reaches the largest at 39.8 kA/m when the thickness of the Pt spacer is 0.4 nm.     

Perpendicular exchange bias of （Pt/Co）n/FeMn multilayers

(Pt/Co)n/FeMn multilayers with perpendicular anisotropy (PA) were prepared by magnetron sputtering with Pt as the buffer layer and the capping layer. The dependence of perpendicular exchange bias (PEB), Hex, on the thickness of the FeMn antiferromagnet (AFM) layer is similar to that of in-plane exchange bias. The value of Hex for the (Pt/Co)3/FeMn multilayer reaches 22.3 kA/m. A thin Pt spacer was inserted between the Co/FeMn interface to enhance PEB. The PEB reaches the largest at 39.8 kA/m when the thickness of the Pt spacer is 0.4 nm.     

Study on NiO/Fe interface with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy

Different monolayers(ML)of Fe atoms were deposited on NiO(001)substrates or NiO underlayers using molecular beam epitaxy(MBE),pulse laser deposition(PLD),and magnetron sputtering(MS).The magnetic properties and microstructure of the films were studied The apparent magnetic dead layer(MDL)is found to exist at the NiO/Fe interfaces of the MBE sample(about 2 ML MDL),the PLD sample(about 3 ML MDL),and the MS sample(about 4 ML MDL).X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy indicates the presence of ionic Fe(Fe~2+ or Fe~3+ and metallic Ni at the NiO/Fe interfaces,which may be due to the chemical reactions between Fe and NiO layers.This also leads to the formation of MDL.The thickness of the MDL and the reaction products are related with the deposition energy of the atoms on the substrates.The interfacial reactions are effectively suppressed by inserting a thin Pt layer at the NiO/Fe interface.     

Influence of Si buffer layer on the giant magnetoresistance effect in Co/Cu/Co sandwiches

The Co/Cu/Co sandwiches with a semiconductor Si buffer layer were prepared by high vacuum electron-beam evaporation. The influence of the Si buffer layer with different thickness on the giant magnetoresistance (GMR) effect in the Co/Cu/Co sandwiches was investigated. It was found that the GMR showed an obvious anisotropy when the thickness of Si buffer layer was larger than or equal to 0.9 nm, and that the GMR was basically isotropic with an Si buffer layer thinner than 0.9 nm. The anisotropic behavior of GMR can be ascribed to the in-plane magnetic anisotropy in the sandwiches. Due to the interdiffusion at the Si buffer/Co interface, a Co2Si interface layer with a good (301) texture formed and induced the in-plane magnetic anisotropy in the sandwiches. The dependence of the crystalline texture of the sandwiches on the thickness of Si buffer layer was also studied.     

铝合金压铸用模具钢表面的渗铝氧化处理

对8407模具钢试样进行热浸渗铝,在试样表面形成了Fe—Al合金渗层．对渗铝试样进行高温氧化实验,使渗层表面形成了Fe—Al-O的混合氧化物．考察了渗铝温度和渗铝时间对渗层质量的影响;着重研究了不同氧化气氛下Fe—Al合金表面的氧化情况,确定了最佳高温氧化工艺．结果表明,8407钢热浸镀铝后,在600℃以下、纯O2气氛条件下氧化,Fe—Al合金表面生成了Fe3O4和Al2O的混合物．这层氧化膜与铝液不润湿,能较好地保护试样．因此这种工艺可能是合适的铝合金压铸模表面处理工艺．     

纳米氧化镍的制备及其电化学电容

通过金属碳酸盐、硝酸(氧化剂)和柠檬酸(燃料)的凝胶-燃烧方法合成了纳米氧化镍粉体。在柠檬酸与Ni2+的摩尔比为1.3:1,热处理温度为400℃的条件下,以1mol/LKOH水溶液为电解液对纳米NiOx制备的电极进行了循环伏安、充放电及电化学阻抗谱分析。分析结果表明纳米NiOx电极在KOH水溶液电解液中具有良好的赝电容特性,其平均比容量最大为78.8F/g,并具有良好的循环寿命。     

系列水滑石化合物催化KBH_4水解析氢的活性研究

采用共沉淀法、强碱水热法及尿素水热法合成Ni/Al、Mg/Al、Zn/Al、Ni/Fe、Zn/Fe、Zn/Cr、Co/Fe等七个系列水滑石类化合物并将其用于催化KBH4水解析氢,催化析氢结果表明:Ni/Al组分活性最高,从合成方法的角度看:尿素水热法强碱水热法共沉淀法.     

TA1表面制备Ni/Al涂层的反应扩渗及抗氧化行为

为了提高纯钛的高温抗氧化性能,采用电弧喷涂和等离子喷涂方法在纯钛表面制备Ni/Al涂层.对试件进行900 ℃×5 h热处理后,再进行900 ℃×40 h连续氧化实验,探索其高温抗氧化行为.结果表明,经过表面改性处理的Ni/Al涂层可以显著提高纯钛的高温抗氧化性.在热处理过程中Ni/Al涂层中的Al发生熔化扩散并与Ni和Ti形成以NiAl与TiAl₃相为主的扩散层.在氧化过程中Ni/Al涂层表面形成连续且致密的α-Al₂O₃,同时表面扩散层中的富铝相可为涂层表面提供充足的Al元素,进而对纯钛基体提供有效的高温抗氧化保护作用.     

Dependence of Magnetic Properties and Microstructure of Ni81Fe19 Film on Base Vacuum and Sputtering Pressure

The Ni81Fe19/Ta films with different NiFe thickness were prepared at different base vacuums and sputtering pressures,The results of magnetic measurement and atomic force microscope(AFM),showed that the films prepared at higher base vacuum and lower sputtering pressure had larger ΔR/R,The reason should be that higher base vacuum and lower sputtering pressure introduce larger grain-size and lower surface roughnes,which will weaken the scattering of electrons,reduce the resistance R,and increase ΔR/R.     

Al-Ce-TM（Fe,Co,Ni）非晶铝合金在NaCl溶液中的耐腐蚀性

使用单辊旋淬技术制备非晶态Al88Ce6TM6（Fe,Co,Ni）薄带,并研究了非晶态铝合金Al88Ce6TM6（Fe,Co,Ni）在中性NaCl溶液的电化学腐蚀行为.采用XRD和TEM对非晶合金的微观结构进行表征.使用直流和交流的电化学分析方法研究非晶态合金在中性0.6M NaCl溶液中的耐腐蚀性,并与纯Al进行比较.结果发现：使用单辊旋淬技术制备的铝基合金Al88Ce6TM6（Fe,Co,Ni）为完全非晶结构,铝基非晶合金在阳极活化过程中均发生了明显的钝化现象,在中性NaCl溶液中铝基非晶合金Al88Ce6TM6（Fe,Co,Ni）均发生点蚀.与纯Al相比,3种非晶合金有更高的抗腐蚀能力和抗点蚀能力.3种铝基非晶合金中Al88Ce6Fe6的耐蚀性最好.     

Microstructures of NiFe/nonmagnetic metal spacer/FeMn films and their influences on exchange coupling

The discovery of the oscillatory exchange coupling between ferromagnetic (FM) layers separated by a nonmagnetic spacer layer in 1986[1] aroused peoples interest in the magnetic prop-erties of metallic multilayered films. FM/ nonmagnetic metal spacer /FM systems with any of the 3d transition metals Fe, Co and Ni or their alloys as FM material have been systematically stud-ied[24]. Oscillatory exchange coupling via spacers has been known as a general phenomenon relevant to many spacer materi…     

激光重熔制备TA1表面Ni/Al复合抗高温氧化涂层

为了提高纯钛的高温抗氧化性能,采用电弧喷涂和等离子喷涂方法在纯钛表面制备Ni/Al复合涂层.利用激光重熔使得Ni层与Al层发生冶金反应,对试件进行800℃×40 h连续氧化.根据生成的金属间化合物特征研究纯钛的高温抗氧化行为.结果表明,经过表面改性处理后Ni/Al复合涂层可以显著提高纯钛的高温抗氧化性能.在激光重熔过程中Ni/Al复合涂层中的Al发生熔化扩散并与Ni形成以Ni₂Al₃相为主的扩散层.在氧化过程中Ni/Al复合涂层表面形成连续且致密的α-Al₂O₃氧化膜与大量NiAl相,表面扩散层中的富铝相可为表面提供充足的Al元素,进而对纯钛基体提供有效的高温抗氧化保护作用.     

等离子喷焊层NiCrBSi+WC/Co的组织与性能

利用等离子喷焊技术在H13模具钢表面制备NiCrBSi+20%WC/Co喷焊层。研究表明,基体与喷焊层之间存在明显的分界面,与传统焊接接头的微观组织类似,喷焊层中出现垂直于界面结合方向的柱状晶,这种组织形态在等离子喷涂涂层中从未观察到,说明喷焊层NiCrBSi+20%WC/Co与H13钢基体之间的结合为冶金结合。XRD分析表明,喷焊层中的主要相为γ-(Fe,Ni),Cr7BC4,Ni4B3,Cr7C3和Co7W6,并且由于这些相的存在,使得表面喷焊层比H13钢基体具有更高的强度和硬度。     

Oxidation behavior of in-situ Al2O3/TiAl composites at 900℃ in static air

In-situ Al2O3/TiAl composites were successfully synthesized from the starting powders of Ti, Al, TiO2 and Nb2O5. The oxidation behavior of the composites at 900℃ in static air was investigated. The results indicate that the composite samples present a much lower oxidation mass gain. Under long-time intensive oxidation exposure, the formed oxide scale is multi-layer. The formation of the outer TiO2 layer is fine and dense, the internal Al2O3 scale has good adhesiveness with the outer TiO2 scale, and the TiO2+Al2O3 mixed layer forming the protective oxide scale is favorable for the improvement of oxidation resistance. It is believed that the incorporation of Al2O3 particulates into the metal matrix decreases the coefficient of thermal expansion of the substrate, and forms a local three-dimensional network structure that can hold the oxide scale. The formation of the oxide scale with fmer particle size, stronger adherence, less micro-defects and slower growth rate can contribute to the improvement of oxidation resistance. Nb element plays an important role in reducing the internal oxidation action of the materials, restraining the growth of TiO2 crystals andpromoting thc stable formation of the Al 2O3-riched layer,which is benfeicial to improve the oxidation properties.     

NiOx激活PMS降解染料废水的研究（研究生论坛）

随着水处理行业的不断发展,对于传统的高级氧化技术（AOPs）也提出了更多新的要求,也开发了很多新的高性能催化剂用于高级氧化领域。为了探究NiOx在超声强化的条件下对单过硫酸盐（PMS）的催化性能,同时探究NiOx/PMS/US高级氧化体系对染料废水降解的优势,采用溶胶-凝胶法制备NiOx催化剂,酸性橙7（AO7）作为降解底物。探究发现：相比于NiOx/H2O2/US、NiOx/过硫酸盐（PDS）/US体系,NiOx/PMS/US体系具有更高的降解效率,且催化剂的煅烧温度、[氧化剂]:[氧化底物]、催化剂投量、超声功率都会对NiOx/PMS/US体系产生影响。结果表明：煅烧温度由200℃升至700℃后,AO7的降解率由95%降低至20%。[氧化剂]:[氧化底物]由20:1升至70:1,其降解率由77%提至95%,继续提高比例则会抑制降解。催化剂投量由120mg/L升至280mg/L,降解率提升不明显,在15分钟内都能达到95%的降解,但降解速率有所提升,继续提高催化剂投量其降解速率则没有明显的提高。超声功率由0W提至400W也会提高降解速率,但过高的超声功率对降解速率提高却不明显。此外,对催化剂复用以及对甲基橙（HIn）和活性艳蓝（KN-R）的降解证明NiOx/PMS/US体系具有一定的稳定性和普适性。NiOx的XRD图谱说明最佳煅烧温度下催化剂主要有NiO、Ni及无定型碳组成。NiOx是一种高效的催化剂,其良好的催化活性,稳定性和普适性,在高级氧化技术中可以发挥重要作用。当然其制备成本高和难以规模化生产成为了制约NiOx实现经济效益的主要因素,所以接下来的研究方向应为降低催化剂的制备成本并使其量产,最终让其进入应用领域。     

BioMnOx对非甾体药物氧化协同Fe(III)吸附的研究

恶臭假单胞球菌(Pseudomonas Putida)可氧化Mn²⁺生成生物锰氧化物,生物锰氧化物的形成过程及其吸附氧化活性对水体中有机/重金属复合污染的控制具有重要意义.为此,通过研究生物锰氧化物对APAP（乙酰氨基酚,acetaminophen）氧化以及Fe(III)吸附探讨其吸附氧化活性的相互影响.结果表明,BioMnO_x为无定型的纳米颗粒,在形成过程中自身结构发生变化,表面由平整变为密集、突出的颗粒状,颗粒边界更为清晰,颗粒粒径从约49.9 nm长至约70 nm.BioMnO_x在形成过程中对Fe(III)的吸附发生在对APAP的氧化之前,对Fe(III)的吸附并未对APAP的氧化速率产生影响.APAP氧化降解过程和Mn²⁺氧化速率过程均符合一级动力学方程.BioMnO_x的氧化活性对APAP降解造成一定的影响.Mn²⁺质量浓度增大,可减少APAP的降解时间.GC-MS结果显示,APAP的降解途径为先被氧化为乙酰胺及对苯二酚、对氨基苯酚等苯酚类物质,继而转化为乙二酸、苯醌等更加简单的物质后最终矿化.