3-醛基吲哚类化合物的合成及对玉米大、小斑病菌的抑制作用

[目的]发现具有潜在抑菌活性的3-醛基吲哚类化合物。[方法]通过Vilsmeier-Haack反应合成5个3-醛基吲哚类化合物(I~V),采用菌丝生长速率法分别测定化合物I~V对玉米大、小斑病菌的室内毒力。[结果]初步构效关系表明,5-硝基-3-醛基吲哚(IV)对玉米大斑病菌表现出接近已商品化的杀菌剂恶霉灵的活性,其对应EC50值分别为0.037 0、0.035 0 g/L。[结论]该化合物可以作为先导化合物进一步设计合成农用杀菌剂。     

吲哚-2,3-二酮衍生物抑菌活性研究进展

对近年来吲哚-2,3-二酮衍生物抑菌活性研究情况进行了综述。按照结构分类,分别就取代吲哚酮化合物、吲哚酮Schiff碱及其金属配合物、吲哚-2,3-二酮3位加成化合物和吲哚酮螺环化合物对常见细菌、真菌、植物病菌以及致污微生物的抑制活性进行了介绍和总结。     

N-苯磺酰基-3-酰基吲哚苯甲酰腙类化合物的抑菌活性

[目的]研究N-苯磺酰基-3-酰基吲哚苯甲酰腙类化合物中具有潜在应用价值的抑菌先导化合物。[方法]在0.1 g/L质量浓度下,采用菌丝生长速率法分别测定了21种N-苯磺酰基-3-酰基吲哚苯甲酰腙类化合物1~21对小麦赤霉病菌、白菜黑斑病菌、烟草赤星病菌、棉花枯萎病菌和水稻稻瘟病菌的室内抑菌活性。[结果]化合物1、2、4、10和17对5种植物病原真菌均表现出较好的抑菌活性;如化合物4,抑菌率分别为51.70%、63.20%、54.30%、44.10%和45.20%,表现出广谱抑菌活性;尤其是对白菜黑斑病菌的抑菌率高达63.20%,超过阳性对照霉灵(52.60%)的抑菌活性。[结论]化合物1、2、4、10和17对所测植物病原真菌均表现出较好的抑菌活性,初步拟定将5个化合物作为进一步衍生修饰的先导化合物。     

N-取代-2-吲哚酮-3-酰胺的合成

通过N-取代-2-吲哚酮与异氰酸酯反应,以80%-88%的收率方便高效地合成了5种新的N-取代-2-吲哚酮-3-酰胺类化合物。所有化合物均通过核磁共振谱(~1H NMR和~(13)C NMR)及高分辨质谱(HRMS)进行了结构表征。     

N-取代吲哚-3-甲醇的合成

首先由吲哚、三氯氧磷和N,N-二甲基甲酰胺通过Vilsmeier-Haack反应合成吲哚-3-甲醛,产率为97%;进而选择二甲亚砜-氢氧化钠反应体系,室温下由碘甲烷、烯丙基溴、溴化苄和甲苯-4-磺酰氯分别对吲哚-3-甲醛进行N-取代,合成4种N-取代吲哚-3-甲醛——N-甲基吲哚-3-甲醛、N-烯丙基吲哚-3-甲醛、N-苄基吲哚-3-甲醛和N-对甲苯磺酰基吲哚-3-甲醛,产率分别为89%、95%、83%和81%;最后选择硼氢化钠为还原剂,室温下通过还原反应合成吲哚-3-甲醇以及4种N-取代吲哚-3-甲醇——N-甲基吲哚-3-甲醇、N-烯丙基吲哚-3-甲醇、N-苄基吲哚-3-甲醇和N-对甲苯磺酰基吲哚-3-甲醇,产率分别为80%、90%、81%、63%和53%。中间产物及终产物的结构经由1HNMR、IR和元素分析证实。     

2-(N-苯磺酰基吲哚-3-基)-3-N-酰基-5-苯基-1,3,4-噁唑啉类化合物抑菌活性研究

为了研究2-(N-苯磺酰基吲哚-3-基)-3-N-酰基-5-苯基-1,3,4-噁唑啉类化合物中具有潜在应用价值的抑菌先导化合物。在0.1 g/L质量浓度下,采用菌丝生长速率法测定了14种2-(N-苯磺酰基吲哚-3-基)-3-N-酰基-5-苯基-1,3,4-唑啉类化合物对小麦赤霉病菌、白菜黑斑病菌、棉花枯萎病菌、水稻稻瘟病菌和烟草赤星病菌的室内抑菌活性。结果表明,化合物1~化合物14对所测5种植物病原菌均表现出不同程度的抑菌活性,其中化合物9和化合物14对小麦赤霉病菌、白菜黑斑病菌、棉花枯萎病菌、水稻稻瘟病菌和烟草赤星病菌5种植物病原菌活性较好,其抑制率分别为15.69%~31.08%和16.28%~29.41%,表现出一定的广谱抑菌活性。初步拟定将这2个化合物作为进一步衍生修饰的先导化合物。     

5-羟基-6-溴-1H-吲哚-3-羧酸酯类衍生物的合成及其抗乙肝病毒活性

目的设计合成5-羟基-6-溴-1H-吲哚-3-羧酸乙酯类化合物,评价其抗乙肝病毒活性.方法经1H-NMR和MS确证目标化合物结构,并经体外抗病毒试验测定其抗病毒活性.结果与结论合成了7个未见文献报道的5-羟基-6-溴-1H-吲哚-3-羧酸乙酯类化合物.初步活性试验表明,4个目标化合物具有不同程度抑制乙肝病毒进行DNA复制的作用,其IC50值均小于阳性对照拉米夫定(IC50∶228.0μg/mL).     

5-取代吲哚-3-甲腈的合成

以5-取代吲哚-3-甲醛为原料,一步法合成了一系列5-取代吲哚-3-甲腈.产物结构经熔点、IR和 1HNMR确证.     

吡啶盐酸盐催化无溶剂法合成3-取代吲哚

3位取代的吲哚是很多生理活性分子的重要构成部分,我们开发了一种新的合成3-取代吲哚衍生物的方法。在无溶剂条件下,以20mol%的吡啶盐酸盐为催化剂,反应温度为100℃时,吲哚能顺利地和查尔酮类化合物发生迈克尔加成反应得到相应的3-取代吲哚衍生物。我们用不同取代的查尔酮类化合物对底物的适用范围进行考察,结果表明方法适用范围较广,收率最高可达87%。     

5-甲氧基-2,3-二甲基-1H-吲哚的合成

以5-甲氧基-2-甲基-1H-吲哚为原料,先后经Vilsmeier-Haack反应和还原反应制得标题化合物。5-甲氧基-2-甲基-1H-吲哚与DMF/POCl3反应生成5-甲氧基-2-甲基-1H-吲哚-3-甲醛,该中间体在氰基硼氢化钠/冰醋酸的催化下还原、脱水生成标题化合物,其结构经~1HNMR、~(13)CNMR、MS表征。该合成方法具有原料廉价易得、操作简便易控、反应条件温和、收率高等优点。标题化合物是一种重要的有机合成中间体,广泛用于医药领域。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料，介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比，介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序，对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.