改性凹凸棒土处理垃圾渗滤液中氨氮的实验研究

采用NaCl和煅烧对凹凸棒土进行改性,研究改性凹凸棒土对洛阳市预处理后的垃圾渗滤液中氨氮的去除效果.对100 mL氨氮含量为97 mg/L的垃圾渗滤液的最佳吸附条件为:NaCl溶液浓度为10％,将预处理凹凸棒土在NaCl溶液中浸泡改性1h,干燥,煅烧500℃,调节水样的pH值为6,取改性凹凸棒土3.0g,吸附处理时间为40min,氨氮去除率可达94.8％.     

利用改性粉煤灰处理垃圾渗滤液的研究

采用改性粉煤灰处理垃圾渗滤液,结果表明,粉煤灰对垃圾渗滤液的COD去除率为40.58%,经过综合改性后,粉煤灰能够较好的去除垃圾渗滤液中的COD,去除率达到84.21%。     

MFPAC强化混凝-改性矿化垃圾吸附处理垃圾渗滤液

采用纳米Fe_3O_4与聚合氯化铝(PAC)复配制备磁性复合絮凝剂MFPAC,利用MFPAC强化混凝-改性矿化垃圾吸附处理垃圾渗滤液。结果表明,MFPAC中适宜的前驱物质量比为m(Fe_3O_4)∶m(PAC)=1∶3,正交实验结果表明,m(Fe_3O_4)∶m(PAC)以及投药量对混凝效果有较为显著的影响,p H和沉淀时间对去除效果影响相对较小,MFPAC对COD和色度的去除效果均优于单独投加PAC,投加量为1.5 g/L时,COD和色度去除率分别达到62.6%和66.5%;采用焙烧法对矿化垃圾进行改性,利用改性矿化垃圾吸附MFPAC混凝出水,在焙烧温度为700℃,吸附剂投加量为40 mg/L的条件下,COD和氨氮的去除率分别为56.7%和68.4%;MFPAC混凝-矿化垃圾吸附联合工艺对垃圾渗滤液COD、色度和氨氮的去除率分别为83.8%、78.5%和74.3%。     

壳聚糖改性粉煤灰去除水中氨氮的特性研究

研究用聚糖来改性粉煤灰,在不同的条件下进行改性,进而确定最佳的改性方法,并去除水中氨氮,进而探讨最佳吸附条件。改性实验结果表明:在壳聚糖浓度为3 mg/L,改性时间为90 min,改性温度为35℃时,氨氮的去除率为95.71%。吸附实验结果表明:改性粉煤灰投加量为2g,吸附时间为90min,吸附温度为40℃,吸附pH值为7时、对水中氨氮的去除率达到最大,其去除率为96.72%。     

微波改性粉煤灰深度处理垃圾渗滤液的研究

实验采用微波技术对粉煤灰进行活化改性,并对其在垃圾渗滤液深度处理中的吸附效果进行了研究。结果表明,粉煤灰最佳改性条件为微波功率420 W,活化时间10 min,粉煤灰粒径58μm。改性后粉煤灰的比表面积和孔隙度增大,吸附反应能力增强。对150 mL水样,当吸附时间为100 min、pH为5.8、改性粉煤灰投加量为4 g时,吸附反应效果最佳,此时垃圾渗滤液中的CODCr和色度去除率分别达46.05%和81.16%。     

矿化垃圾吸附-Fenton-NaClO氧化深度处理垃圾渗滤液

采用矿化垃圾吸附-Fenton-NaClO氧化联合深度处理垃圾渗滤液。吸附实验在矿化垃圾粒径为2 mm,用700℃焙烧改性的矿化垃圾作为吸附剂,投加量为60g/L、pH=9的条件下进行,COD和氨氮的去除率分别达到最大的53.15%和78.77%;吸附出水在初始pH为6、H_2O_2投加量为60 mmol/L、n(H_2O_2):n(Fe~(2+))为4:1、反应时间为75 min的条件下进行Fenton氧化,COD和氨氮的去除率分别达到最大的52.37%和11.5%;Fenton氧化出水在NaClO,投加量为60 mmol/L、pH为6、温度为50℃和反应时间为60 min的条件下进行NaClO氧化,NaClO对COD和氨氮的去除率分别达到最高的81.86%和98.96%,此时COD为78 mg/L,氨氮的质量农度为0.42mg/L,均可满足GB16889-2008规定的排放标准。     

电絮凝方法处理垃圾填埋场渗滤液的研究

介绍了采用电絮凝工艺去除垃圾填埋场渗滤液中有机污染物的试验。研究发现:在极板材料采用铁电极,在电流强度为2.5 A,pH值在7.2,Cl-浓度为2500 mg/L的条件下,处理渗滤液90 min后,COD的去除率为67.2%,氨氮的去除率为54.3%,BOD5的去除率高达84.2%。     

改性硅藻土处理垃圾渗滤液的研究

改性硅藻土和PAC进行复配制备成复合混凝剂,用于垃圾渗滤液的预处理。结果表明,复合混凝剂中PAC含量80%,投加量3 g/L的最佳条件下,COD的去除率可达68.1%,并可显著提高渗滤液的可生化性;色度去除率达到90%,同时对氨氮、重金属都有一定的去除效果,具有一定的工程应用价值。     

MAP法预处理高氨氮垃圾渗滤液的试验研究

采用磷酸铵镁沉淀法(MAP法)去除老龄垃圾渗滤液中的氨氮。试验结果表明,在pH值为8.25,Mg、N、P的量比为1.3∶1∶0.8,反应时间为2h,搅拌速度为200r/min,沉淀时间为30min的条件下,对氨氮、COD的质量浓度分别为1515、3295mg/L的垃圾渗滤液,氨氮的去除率达到91.2%,COD的去除率为26%,为后续生化处理创造了条件。     

粉煤灰基混凝剂吸附处理垃圾渗滤液中铬离子的研究

利用粉煤灰和废旧铝皮在一定条件下反应,制得粉煤灰基混凝剂,并用于处理垃圾渗滤液中的铬离子。试验结果表明,粉煤灰基混凝剂对垃圾渗滤液中的铬离子有较好的去除效果。在最佳条件下,粉煤灰基混凝剂对垃圾渗滤液中铬离子的去除率达96.3%,比普通粉煤灰的去除率提高了70.4%。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。